Is there any special case where ridge regression can shrink coefficients to zero?










5












$begingroup$


Are there some special cases, where the Ridge Regression can also lead to coefficients that are zero ?
It is widely known, that lasso is shrinking coefficients towards or on zero, while the ridge Regression cant shrink coefficients to zero










share|cite|improve this question











$endgroup$







  • 1




    $begingroup$
    Of course! If the least squares estimates are zero, then Ridge Regression will always produce zeros. What would be of interest is to find any other situation :-).
    $endgroup$
    – whuber
    Aug 28 '18 at 18:53










  • $begingroup$
    In which cases an ols coefficient can be exactly zero ?
    $endgroup$
    – Vala
    Aug 28 '18 at 18:54







  • 1




    $begingroup$
    This will happen whenever the response variable is orthogonal to each of the explanatory variables.
    $endgroup$
    – whuber
    Aug 28 '18 at 18:56










  • $begingroup$
    Would there be also the requirement that the predictors are orthogonal to each other, or would it be enough if just the correlation to the respone is zero
    $endgroup$
    – Vala
    Aug 28 '18 at 18:57






  • 1




    $begingroup$
    See also stats.stackexchange.com/questions/74542/… for an explanation of why Ridge cannot shrink the parameters to zero (unless they start there, as @whuber observes.)
    $endgroup$
    – jbowman
    Aug 28 '18 at 20:14















5












$begingroup$


Are there some special cases, where the Ridge Regression can also lead to coefficients that are zero ?
It is widely known, that lasso is shrinking coefficients towards or on zero, while the ridge Regression cant shrink coefficients to zero










share|cite|improve this question











$endgroup$







  • 1




    $begingroup$
    Of course! If the least squares estimates are zero, then Ridge Regression will always produce zeros. What would be of interest is to find any other situation :-).
    $endgroup$
    – whuber
    Aug 28 '18 at 18:53










  • $begingroup$
    In which cases an ols coefficient can be exactly zero ?
    $endgroup$
    – Vala
    Aug 28 '18 at 18:54







  • 1




    $begingroup$
    This will happen whenever the response variable is orthogonal to each of the explanatory variables.
    $endgroup$
    – whuber
    Aug 28 '18 at 18:56










  • $begingroup$
    Would there be also the requirement that the predictors are orthogonal to each other, or would it be enough if just the correlation to the respone is zero
    $endgroup$
    – Vala
    Aug 28 '18 at 18:57






  • 1




    $begingroup$
    See also stats.stackexchange.com/questions/74542/… for an explanation of why Ridge cannot shrink the parameters to zero (unless they start there, as @whuber observes.)
    $endgroup$
    – jbowman
    Aug 28 '18 at 20:14













5












5








5


1



$begingroup$


Are there some special cases, where the Ridge Regression can also lead to coefficients that are zero ?
It is widely known, that lasso is shrinking coefficients towards or on zero, while the ridge Regression cant shrink coefficients to zero










share|cite|improve this question











$endgroup$




Are there some special cases, where the Ridge Regression can also lead to coefficients that are zero ?
It is widely known, that lasso is shrinking coefficients towards or on zero, while the ridge Regression cant shrink coefficients to zero







machine-learning lasso ridge-regression






share|cite|improve this question















share|cite|improve this question













share|cite|improve this question




share|cite|improve this question








edited Aug 28 '18 at 19:00







Vala

















asked Aug 28 '18 at 18:48









ValaVala

415




415







  • 1




    $begingroup$
    Of course! If the least squares estimates are zero, then Ridge Regression will always produce zeros. What would be of interest is to find any other situation :-).
    $endgroup$
    – whuber
    Aug 28 '18 at 18:53










  • $begingroup$
    In which cases an ols coefficient can be exactly zero ?
    $endgroup$
    – Vala
    Aug 28 '18 at 18:54







  • 1




    $begingroup$
    This will happen whenever the response variable is orthogonal to each of the explanatory variables.
    $endgroup$
    – whuber
    Aug 28 '18 at 18:56










  • $begingroup$
    Would there be also the requirement that the predictors are orthogonal to each other, or would it be enough if just the correlation to the respone is zero
    $endgroup$
    – Vala
    Aug 28 '18 at 18:57






  • 1




    $begingroup$
    See also stats.stackexchange.com/questions/74542/… for an explanation of why Ridge cannot shrink the parameters to zero (unless they start there, as @whuber observes.)
    $endgroup$
    – jbowman
    Aug 28 '18 at 20:14












  • 1




    $begingroup$
    Of course! If the least squares estimates are zero, then Ridge Regression will always produce zeros. What would be of interest is to find any other situation :-).
    $endgroup$
    – whuber
    Aug 28 '18 at 18:53










  • $begingroup$
    In which cases an ols coefficient can be exactly zero ?
    $endgroup$
    – Vala
    Aug 28 '18 at 18:54







  • 1




    $begingroup$
    This will happen whenever the response variable is orthogonal to each of the explanatory variables.
    $endgroup$
    – whuber
    Aug 28 '18 at 18:56










  • $begingroup$
    Would there be also the requirement that the predictors are orthogonal to each other, or would it be enough if just the correlation to the respone is zero
    $endgroup$
    – Vala
    Aug 28 '18 at 18:57






  • 1




    $begingroup$
    See also stats.stackexchange.com/questions/74542/… for an explanation of why Ridge cannot shrink the parameters to zero (unless they start there, as @whuber observes.)
    $endgroup$
    – jbowman
    Aug 28 '18 at 20:14







1




1




$begingroup$
Of course! If the least squares estimates are zero, then Ridge Regression will always produce zeros. What would be of interest is to find any other situation :-).
$endgroup$
– whuber
Aug 28 '18 at 18:53




$begingroup$
Of course! If the least squares estimates are zero, then Ridge Regression will always produce zeros. What would be of interest is to find any other situation :-).
$endgroup$
– whuber
Aug 28 '18 at 18:53












$begingroup$
In which cases an ols coefficient can be exactly zero ?
$endgroup$
– Vala
Aug 28 '18 at 18:54





$begingroup$
In which cases an ols coefficient can be exactly zero ?
$endgroup$
– Vala
Aug 28 '18 at 18:54





1




1




$begingroup$
This will happen whenever the response variable is orthogonal to each of the explanatory variables.
$endgroup$
– whuber
Aug 28 '18 at 18:56




$begingroup$
This will happen whenever the response variable is orthogonal to each of the explanatory variables.
$endgroup$
– whuber
Aug 28 '18 at 18:56












$begingroup$
Would there be also the requirement that the predictors are orthogonal to each other, or would it be enough if just the correlation to the respone is zero
$endgroup$
– Vala
Aug 28 '18 at 18:57




$begingroup$
Would there be also the requirement that the predictors are orthogonal to each other, or would it be enough if just the correlation to the respone is zero
$endgroup$
– Vala
Aug 28 '18 at 18:57




1




1




$begingroup$
See also stats.stackexchange.com/questions/74542/… for an explanation of why Ridge cannot shrink the parameters to zero (unless they start there, as @whuber observes.)
$endgroup$
– jbowman
Aug 28 '18 at 20:14




$begingroup$
See also stats.stackexchange.com/questions/74542/… for an explanation of why Ridge cannot shrink the parameters to zero (unless they start there, as @whuber observes.)
$endgroup$
– jbowman
Aug 28 '18 at 20:14










1 Answer
1






active

oldest

votes


















12












$begingroup$

Suppose, as in the case of least squares methods, you are trying to solve a statistical estimation problem for a (vector-valued) parameter $beta$ by minimizing an objective function $Q(beta)$ (such as the sum of squares of the residuals). Ridge Regression "regularizes" the problem by adding a non-negative linear combination of the squares of the parameter, $P(beta).$ $P$ is (obviously) differentiable with a unique global minimum at $beta=0.$



The question asks, when is it possible for the global minimum of $Q+P$ to occur at $beta=0$? Assume, as in least squares methods, that $Q$ is differentiable in a neighborhood of $0.$ Because $0$ is a global minimum for $Q+P$ it is a local minimum, implying all its partial derivatives are $0.$ The sum rule of differentiation implies



$$fracpartialpartial beta_i(Q(beta) + P(beta)) = fracpartialpartial beta_iQ(beta) + fracpartialpartial beta_iP(beta) = Q_i(beta) + P_i(beta)$$
is zero at $beta=0.$ But since $P_i(0)=0$ for all $i,$ this implies $Q_i(0)=0$ for all $i,$ which makes $0$ at least a local minimum for the original objective function $Q.$ In the case of any least squares technique every local minimum is also a global minimum. This compels us to conclude that




Quadratic regularization of Least Squares procedures ("Ridge Regression") has $beta=0$ as a solution if and only if $beta=0$ is a solution of the original unregularized problem.







share|cite|improve this answer









$endgroup$








  • 1




    $begingroup$
    As pointed out by Martijn Weterings, it would also shrink coefficients to zero if t=0, or lambda converges to infinity. Regarding to the latter one: Could Ridge shrink a coefficient to zero for a sufficient large Tuning Parameter or is it just a theoretical concept that if lambda converges to infinity then the coefficient will be converge also to zero
    $endgroup$
    – Vala
    Aug 28 '18 at 19:14






  • 2




    $begingroup$
    Lambda going to infinity is the equivalent of minimizing $Q/lambda + P.$ I hope it's easy to see that for sufficiently large $lambda$ the solutions will have to be close to $beta=0,$ guaranteeing convergence to $beta=0$ in the limit.
    $endgroup$
    – whuber
    Aug 28 '18 at 19:20










  • $begingroup$
    There will be also close to zero, but cant get exactly zero, Right ?
    $endgroup$
    – Vala
    Aug 28 '18 at 19:34










  • $begingroup$
    Please re-read the conclusion of my answer: I can't think of any way to make it clearer.
    $endgroup$
    – whuber
    Aug 28 '18 at 19:36










  • $begingroup$
    Regarding to your final conclusion it should be correct
    $endgroup$
    – Vala
    Aug 28 '18 at 19:39











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1 Answer
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1 Answer
1






active

oldest

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active

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active

oldest

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12












$begingroup$

Suppose, as in the case of least squares methods, you are trying to solve a statistical estimation problem for a (vector-valued) parameter $beta$ by minimizing an objective function $Q(beta)$ (such as the sum of squares of the residuals). Ridge Regression "regularizes" the problem by adding a non-negative linear combination of the squares of the parameter, $P(beta).$ $P$ is (obviously) differentiable with a unique global minimum at $beta=0.$



The question asks, when is it possible for the global minimum of $Q+P$ to occur at $beta=0$? Assume, as in least squares methods, that $Q$ is differentiable in a neighborhood of $0.$ Because $0$ is a global minimum for $Q+P$ it is a local minimum, implying all its partial derivatives are $0.$ The sum rule of differentiation implies



$$fracpartialpartial beta_i(Q(beta) + P(beta)) = fracpartialpartial beta_iQ(beta) + fracpartialpartial beta_iP(beta) = Q_i(beta) + P_i(beta)$$
is zero at $beta=0.$ But since $P_i(0)=0$ for all $i,$ this implies $Q_i(0)=0$ for all $i,$ which makes $0$ at least a local minimum for the original objective function $Q.$ In the case of any least squares technique every local minimum is also a global minimum. This compels us to conclude that




Quadratic regularization of Least Squares procedures ("Ridge Regression") has $beta=0$ as a solution if and only if $beta=0$ is a solution of the original unregularized problem.







share|cite|improve this answer









$endgroup$








  • 1




    $begingroup$
    As pointed out by Martijn Weterings, it would also shrink coefficients to zero if t=0, or lambda converges to infinity. Regarding to the latter one: Could Ridge shrink a coefficient to zero for a sufficient large Tuning Parameter or is it just a theoretical concept that if lambda converges to infinity then the coefficient will be converge also to zero
    $endgroup$
    – Vala
    Aug 28 '18 at 19:14






  • 2




    $begingroup$
    Lambda going to infinity is the equivalent of minimizing $Q/lambda + P.$ I hope it's easy to see that for sufficiently large $lambda$ the solutions will have to be close to $beta=0,$ guaranteeing convergence to $beta=0$ in the limit.
    $endgroup$
    – whuber
    Aug 28 '18 at 19:20










  • $begingroup$
    There will be also close to zero, but cant get exactly zero, Right ?
    $endgroup$
    – Vala
    Aug 28 '18 at 19:34










  • $begingroup$
    Please re-read the conclusion of my answer: I can't think of any way to make it clearer.
    $endgroup$
    – whuber
    Aug 28 '18 at 19:36










  • $begingroup$
    Regarding to your final conclusion it should be correct
    $endgroup$
    – Vala
    Aug 28 '18 at 19:39















12












$begingroup$

Suppose, as in the case of least squares methods, you are trying to solve a statistical estimation problem for a (vector-valued) parameter $beta$ by minimizing an objective function $Q(beta)$ (such as the sum of squares of the residuals). Ridge Regression "regularizes" the problem by adding a non-negative linear combination of the squares of the parameter, $P(beta).$ $P$ is (obviously) differentiable with a unique global minimum at $beta=0.$



The question asks, when is it possible for the global minimum of $Q+P$ to occur at $beta=0$? Assume, as in least squares methods, that $Q$ is differentiable in a neighborhood of $0.$ Because $0$ is a global minimum for $Q+P$ it is a local minimum, implying all its partial derivatives are $0.$ The sum rule of differentiation implies



$$fracpartialpartial beta_i(Q(beta) + P(beta)) = fracpartialpartial beta_iQ(beta) + fracpartialpartial beta_iP(beta) = Q_i(beta) + P_i(beta)$$
is zero at $beta=0.$ But since $P_i(0)=0$ for all $i,$ this implies $Q_i(0)=0$ for all $i,$ which makes $0$ at least a local minimum for the original objective function $Q.$ In the case of any least squares technique every local minimum is also a global minimum. This compels us to conclude that




Quadratic regularization of Least Squares procedures ("Ridge Regression") has $beta=0$ as a solution if and only if $beta=0$ is a solution of the original unregularized problem.







share|cite|improve this answer









$endgroup$








  • 1




    $begingroup$
    As pointed out by Martijn Weterings, it would also shrink coefficients to zero if t=0, or lambda converges to infinity. Regarding to the latter one: Could Ridge shrink a coefficient to zero for a sufficient large Tuning Parameter or is it just a theoretical concept that if lambda converges to infinity then the coefficient will be converge also to zero
    $endgroup$
    – Vala
    Aug 28 '18 at 19:14






  • 2




    $begingroup$
    Lambda going to infinity is the equivalent of minimizing $Q/lambda + P.$ I hope it's easy to see that for sufficiently large $lambda$ the solutions will have to be close to $beta=0,$ guaranteeing convergence to $beta=0$ in the limit.
    $endgroup$
    – whuber
    Aug 28 '18 at 19:20










  • $begingroup$
    There will be also close to zero, but cant get exactly zero, Right ?
    $endgroup$
    – Vala
    Aug 28 '18 at 19:34










  • $begingroup$
    Please re-read the conclusion of my answer: I can't think of any way to make it clearer.
    $endgroup$
    – whuber
    Aug 28 '18 at 19:36










  • $begingroup$
    Regarding to your final conclusion it should be correct
    $endgroup$
    – Vala
    Aug 28 '18 at 19:39













12












12








12





$begingroup$

Suppose, as in the case of least squares methods, you are trying to solve a statistical estimation problem for a (vector-valued) parameter $beta$ by minimizing an objective function $Q(beta)$ (such as the sum of squares of the residuals). Ridge Regression "regularizes" the problem by adding a non-negative linear combination of the squares of the parameter, $P(beta).$ $P$ is (obviously) differentiable with a unique global minimum at $beta=0.$



The question asks, when is it possible for the global minimum of $Q+P$ to occur at $beta=0$? Assume, as in least squares methods, that $Q$ is differentiable in a neighborhood of $0.$ Because $0$ is a global minimum for $Q+P$ it is a local minimum, implying all its partial derivatives are $0.$ The sum rule of differentiation implies



$$fracpartialpartial beta_i(Q(beta) + P(beta)) = fracpartialpartial beta_iQ(beta) + fracpartialpartial beta_iP(beta) = Q_i(beta) + P_i(beta)$$
is zero at $beta=0.$ But since $P_i(0)=0$ for all $i,$ this implies $Q_i(0)=0$ for all $i,$ which makes $0$ at least a local minimum for the original objective function $Q.$ In the case of any least squares technique every local minimum is also a global minimum. This compels us to conclude that




Quadratic regularization of Least Squares procedures ("Ridge Regression") has $beta=0$ as a solution if and only if $beta=0$ is a solution of the original unregularized problem.







share|cite|improve this answer









$endgroup$



Suppose, as in the case of least squares methods, you are trying to solve a statistical estimation problem for a (vector-valued) parameter $beta$ by minimizing an objective function $Q(beta)$ (such as the sum of squares of the residuals). Ridge Regression "regularizes" the problem by adding a non-negative linear combination of the squares of the parameter, $P(beta).$ $P$ is (obviously) differentiable with a unique global minimum at $beta=0.$



The question asks, when is it possible for the global minimum of $Q+P$ to occur at $beta=0$? Assume, as in least squares methods, that $Q$ is differentiable in a neighborhood of $0.$ Because $0$ is a global minimum for $Q+P$ it is a local minimum, implying all its partial derivatives are $0.$ The sum rule of differentiation implies



$$fracpartialpartial beta_i(Q(beta) + P(beta)) = fracpartialpartial beta_iQ(beta) + fracpartialpartial beta_iP(beta) = Q_i(beta) + P_i(beta)$$
is zero at $beta=0.$ But since $P_i(0)=0$ for all $i,$ this implies $Q_i(0)=0$ for all $i,$ which makes $0$ at least a local minimum for the original objective function $Q.$ In the case of any least squares technique every local minimum is also a global minimum. This compels us to conclude that




Quadratic regularization of Least Squares procedures ("Ridge Regression") has $beta=0$ as a solution if and only if $beta=0$ is a solution of the original unregularized problem.








share|cite|improve this answer












share|cite|improve this answer



share|cite|improve this answer










answered Aug 28 '18 at 19:08









whuberwhuber

206k33453821




206k33453821







  • 1




    $begingroup$
    As pointed out by Martijn Weterings, it would also shrink coefficients to zero if t=0, or lambda converges to infinity. Regarding to the latter one: Could Ridge shrink a coefficient to zero for a sufficient large Tuning Parameter or is it just a theoretical concept that if lambda converges to infinity then the coefficient will be converge also to zero
    $endgroup$
    – Vala
    Aug 28 '18 at 19:14






  • 2




    $begingroup$
    Lambda going to infinity is the equivalent of minimizing $Q/lambda + P.$ I hope it's easy to see that for sufficiently large $lambda$ the solutions will have to be close to $beta=0,$ guaranteeing convergence to $beta=0$ in the limit.
    $endgroup$
    – whuber
    Aug 28 '18 at 19:20










  • $begingroup$
    There will be also close to zero, but cant get exactly zero, Right ?
    $endgroup$
    – Vala
    Aug 28 '18 at 19:34










  • $begingroup$
    Please re-read the conclusion of my answer: I can't think of any way to make it clearer.
    $endgroup$
    – whuber
    Aug 28 '18 at 19:36










  • $begingroup$
    Regarding to your final conclusion it should be correct
    $endgroup$
    – Vala
    Aug 28 '18 at 19:39












  • 1




    $begingroup$
    As pointed out by Martijn Weterings, it would also shrink coefficients to zero if t=0, or lambda converges to infinity. Regarding to the latter one: Could Ridge shrink a coefficient to zero for a sufficient large Tuning Parameter or is it just a theoretical concept that if lambda converges to infinity then the coefficient will be converge also to zero
    $endgroup$
    – Vala
    Aug 28 '18 at 19:14






  • 2




    $begingroup$
    Lambda going to infinity is the equivalent of minimizing $Q/lambda + P.$ I hope it's easy to see that for sufficiently large $lambda$ the solutions will have to be close to $beta=0,$ guaranteeing convergence to $beta=0$ in the limit.
    $endgroup$
    – whuber
    Aug 28 '18 at 19:20










  • $begingroup$
    There will be also close to zero, but cant get exactly zero, Right ?
    $endgroup$
    – Vala
    Aug 28 '18 at 19:34










  • $begingroup$
    Please re-read the conclusion of my answer: I can't think of any way to make it clearer.
    $endgroup$
    – whuber
    Aug 28 '18 at 19:36










  • $begingroup$
    Regarding to your final conclusion it should be correct
    $endgroup$
    – Vala
    Aug 28 '18 at 19:39







1




1




$begingroup$
As pointed out by Martijn Weterings, it would also shrink coefficients to zero if t=0, or lambda converges to infinity. Regarding to the latter one: Could Ridge shrink a coefficient to zero for a sufficient large Tuning Parameter or is it just a theoretical concept that if lambda converges to infinity then the coefficient will be converge also to zero
$endgroup$
– Vala
Aug 28 '18 at 19:14




$begingroup$
As pointed out by Martijn Weterings, it would also shrink coefficients to zero if t=0, or lambda converges to infinity. Regarding to the latter one: Could Ridge shrink a coefficient to zero for a sufficient large Tuning Parameter or is it just a theoretical concept that if lambda converges to infinity then the coefficient will be converge also to zero
$endgroup$
– Vala
Aug 28 '18 at 19:14




2




2




$begingroup$
Lambda going to infinity is the equivalent of minimizing $Q/lambda + P.$ I hope it's easy to see that for sufficiently large $lambda$ the solutions will have to be close to $beta=0,$ guaranteeing convergence to $beta=0$ in the limit.
$endgroup$
– whuber
Aug 28 '18 at 19:20




$begingroup$
Lambda going to infinity is the equivalent of minimizing $Q/lambda + P.$ I hope it's easy to see that for sufficiently large $lambda$ the solutions will have to be close to $beta=0,$ guaranteeing convergence to $beta=0$ in the limit.
$endgroup$
– whuber
Aug 28 '18 at 19:20












$begingroup$
There will be also close to zero, but cant get exactly zero, Right ?
$endgroup$
– Vala
Aug 28 '18 at 19:34




$begingroup$
There will be also close to zero, but cant get exactly zero, Right ?
$endgroup$
– Vala
Aug 28 '18 at 19:34












$begingroup$
Please re-read the conclusion of my answer: I can't think of any way to make it clearer.
$endgroup$
– whuber
Aug 28 '18 at 19:36




$begingroup$
Please re-read the conclusion of my answer: I can't think of any way to make it clearer.
$endgroup$
– whuber
Aug 28 '18 at 19:36












$begingroup$
Regarding to your final conclusion it should be correct
$endgroup$
– Vala
Aug 28 '18 at 19:39




$begingroup$
Regarding to your final conclusion it should be correct
$endgroup$
– Vala
Aug 28 '18 at 19:39

















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