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United Left
; United Left; ; Izquierda Unida;
General Coordinator	Alberto Garzón
Founded	April 1986 (as coalition); 2 November 1992 (as party federation);
Youth wing	Área de Juventud de Izquierda Unida
; LGBT wing	ALEAS
Membership (2016)	; 22,321
Ideology	; Socialism; Communism; Eco-socialism; Republicanism; Federalism;
Political position	; Left-wing to far-left
National affiliation	Unidos Podemos
European affiliation	Party of the European Left
European Parliament group	European United Left–Nordic Green Left
Colours	; Red
Congress of Deputies	; ; 9 / 350 ; ; 6 elected inside Unidos Podemos, 2 inside En Comú Podem and 1 inside En Marea.;
Spanish Senate	; ; 2 / 266 ; ; 1 elected inside Unidos Podemos and 1 elected inside En Marea.;
European Parliament	; 4 / 54 ;
Regional Parliaments	; 20 / 1,268 ;
Local Government (2015)	; ; 2,022 / 67,515 ; (Candidates gained in coalitions or unitary lists not included)
Website
	www.izquierda-unida.es
	Politics of Spain; ; Political parties; ; Elections; ;

United Left (Spanish: Izquierda Unida [iθˈkjeɾða uˈniða], IU) is a political coalition that was organized in 1986, bringing together several left-wing and far-left political organizations.^[7]

IU was founded as an electoral coalition of seven parties, but the Communist Party of Spain (PCE) is the only remaining integrated member of the IU at the national level.^[7] Despite that, IU brings together other regional parties, political organizations, and independents.^[7]

Congress seats from 1977 (as PCE) to 2011

History

United Left logo from 1986. It was composed of the logos of the parties that signed the coalition. It would not be until 1988 that a specific logo for IU would be designed.

Julio Anguita, general coordinator of United Left from 1989 to 1999.

Following the electoral failure of the PCE in the 1982 (from 10% to 4%), PCE leaders believed that the PCE alone could no longer effectively challenge the electoral hegemony of the Spanish Socialist Workers' Party (PSOE) on the left.^[7] With this premise, the PCE began developing closer relations with other left-wing groups, with the vision of forming a broad left coalition.^[7] IU slowly improved its results, reaching 9% in 1989 (1,800,000 votes) and nearly 11% in 1996 (2,600,000 votes). The founding organizations were: Communist Party of Spain, Progressive Federation, Communist Party of the Peoples of Spain, PASOC, Carlist Party, Humanist Party, Unitarian Candidacy of Workers, and Republican Left.

In contrast to the PCE prior to the formation of IU, which pursued a more moderate political course, the new IU adopted a more radical strategy and ideology of confrontation against the PSOE.^[8]^[7] IU generally opposed cooperating with the PSOE, and identified it as a "right-wing party", no different from the People's Party (PP).^[8]^[7]

After achieving poor results in the 1999 local and European elections, IU decided to adopt a more conciliatory attitude towards the PSOE, and agreed to sign an electoral pact with the PSOE for the upcoming general election in 2000.^[7] They also adopted a universal policy in favor of cooperating with the PSOE at local level.^[7]

Following the election of Cayo Lara as leader in 2008, however, the party has shifted back towards a more confrontational attitude towards the PSOE.^{[citation needed]}

IU currently has around 70,000 members.^[9]

Member parties

Party
	Communist Party of Spain (PCE)
	Communist Youth Union of Spain (UJCE)
	Feminist Party of Spain (PFE)
	Open Left (IAb)
	Republican Left (IR)
	Revolutionary Workers' Party (POR)
	Ecosocialists of the Region of Murcia (ESRM)

Federations of IU

Andalusia: Izquierda Unida Los Verdes - Convocatoría por Andalucía (United Left/The Greens - Assembly for Andalusia)

Aragon: Izquierda Unida Aragón (United Left of Aragon)

Asturias: Izquierda Xunida de Asturies (United Left of Asturias)

Balearic Islands: Esquerra Unida de les Illes Balears (United Left of the Balearic Islands)

Canary Islands: Izquierda Unida Canaria (Canarian United Left)

Cantabria: Izquierda Unida de Cantabria (Cantabrian United Left)

Castilla-La Mancha: Izquierda Unida de Castilla-La Mancha (United Left of Castilla-La Mancha)

Catalonia: None^[10]

Castilla y León: Izquierda Unida de Castilla y León (United Left of Castile and León)

Ceuta: Izquierda Unida de Ceuta (United Left of Ceuta)

Euskadi: Izquierda Unida - Los Verdes: Ezker Anitza (United Left - The Greens: Plural Left)

Extremadura: Izquierda Unida Extremadura (United Left Extremadura)

Galicia: Esquerda Unida (United Left of Galicia)

La Rioja: Izquierda Unida La Rioja (United Left-La Rioja)

Madrid: Izquierda Unida-Madrid (United Left-Madrid).^[11]Izquierda Unida de la Comunidad de Madrid (United Left of the Community of Madrid) was expelled in 2015. The new federation, IU-M, was created in 2016.^[12]

Melilla: Izquierda Unida - Federación de Melilla (United Left - Melilla Federation)

Murcia: Izquierda Unida-Verdes de la Región de Murcia (United Left - Greens of the Region of Murcia)

Navarra: Izquierda Unida de Navarra - Nafarroako Ezker Batua (United Left of Navarra)

Valencian Community: Esquerra Unida del País Valencià (United Left of the Valencian Country)

Leaders

Name	Period	Notes
Gerardo Iglesias	1986
Julio Anguita	1986–1999
Francisco Frutos	1999-2001
Gaspar Llamazares	2001–2008
Cayo Lara	2008–2014
Alberto Garzón	2014–present

Electoral performance

Cortes Generales

Election	Seats	Vote	%	Status	Leader
Congress of Deputies
1986	7 / 350	935,504 (#5)	4.63	Opposition	Gerardo Iglesias
1989	17 / 350	1,858,588 (#3)	9.07	Opposition	Julio Anguita
1993	18 / 350	2,253,722 (#3)	9.55	Opposition	Julio Anguita
1996	21 / 350	2,639,774 (#3)	10.54	Opposition	Julio Anguita
2000	8 / 350	1,263,043 (#3)	5.45	Opposition	Francisco Frutos
2004	5 / 350	1,284,081 (#3)	4.96	Opposition	Gaspar Llamazares
2008	1 / 350	969,946 (#3)	3.77	Opposition	Gaspar Llamazares
2011	7 / 350	with IP	–	Opposition	Cayo Lara
2015	5 / 350	with UPeC	–	Opposition	Alberto Garzón
2016	9 / 350	with UP	–	Opposition	Alberto Garzón

Senate

Election	Seats	Leader
Senate
1986	0 / 208	Gerardo Iglesias
1989	1 / 208	Julio Anguita
1993	0 / 208	Julio Anguita
1996	0 / 208	Julio Anguita
2000	0 / 208	Francisco Frutos
2004	1 / 208	Gaspar Llamazares
2008	1 / 208	Gaspar Llamazares
2011	0 / 208	Cayo Lara
2015	0 / 208	Alberto Garzón
2016	2 / 208	Alberto Garzón

European Parliament

Election	Seats	Vote	%
European Parliament
1987	3 / 60	1,011,830 (#4)	5.25
1989	4 / 60	961,742 (#4)	6.06
1994	9 / 64	2,497,671 (#3)	13.44
1999	4 / 64	1,221,566 (#3)	5.77
2004	2 / 54	643,136 (#4)	4.15
2009	2 / 54	with LI	–
2014	4 / 54	with IP	–

References

^ Las bases de IU aprueban su alianza con Podemos para el 26-J por un 84,3%. El Confidencial, 05/05/2016.

^ ^a^b Nordsieck, Wolfram (2016). "Spain". Parties and Elections in Europe. Retrieved 30 August 2018..mw-parser-output cite.citationfont-style:inherit.mw-parser-output .citation qquotes:"""""""'""'".mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-free abackground:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/9px-Lock-green.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-registration abackground:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-gray-alt-2.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-subscription abackground:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-red-alt-2.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registrationcolor:#555.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription span,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration spanborder-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon abackground:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/12px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center.mw-parser-output code.cs1-codecolor:inherit;background:inherit;border:inherit;padding:inherit.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-errordisplay:none;font-size:100%.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-errorfont-size:100%.mw-parser-output .cs1-maintdisplay:none;color:#33aa33;margin-left:0.3em.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration,.mw-parser-output .cs1-formatfont-size:95%.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-leftpadding-left:0.2em.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-rightpadding-right:0.2em

^ https://www.laopiniondemurcia.es/comunidad/2010/11/15/iu-recurre-via-ecosocialista-atraer-votantes-descontentos-psoe/283346.html

^ "European Social Survey 2012 - Appendix 3 (in English)" (PDF). European Science Foundation. 1 January 2014. Retrieved 6 May 2014.
^{[permanent dead link]}

^ http://izquierda-unida.es/node/17312

^ Like Ahora Madrid, Barcelona en Comú or Marea Atlántica. This lists gained 3,223 town councillors.

^ ^a^b^c^d^e^f^g^hⁱ "Electoral incentives and organizational limits. The evolution of the Communist Party of Spain (PCE) and the United Left (IU) (in English)" (PDF). Institute of Political and Social Sciences. 2002. Retrieved 11 May 2014.

^ ^a^b Topaloff, L (2012) Political Parties and Euroscepticism, pp192-193

^ Entre coalición y partido, la evolución de modelo organizativo en IU, Luis Ramiro Archived March 26, 2012, at the Wayback Machine

^ Following the tradition of the Spanish left since the formation of the Unified Socialist Party of Catalonia (PSUC) in 1936 (when communists and socialists joined forces in Catalunya), IU doesn't have any organization of its own in Catalonia. Until 1998, the referent of IU in Catalonia was Initiative for Catalonia (Iniciativa per Catalunya, now known as IC-V). But IC eventually broke relations with IU. A split in PSUC followed, and a new Catalan alliance, United and Alternative Left (Esquerra Unida i Alternativa, EUiA), was formed as the new Catalan referent of IU.

^ IU rompe "a todos los efectos" con su federación madrileña. El Diario, 14/06/2015 - 10:48h. Aitor Rivero.

^ La militancia de IU Madrid elige a Mauricio Valiente y Chus Alonso al frente de la nueva formación. Público, 03/05/2016.

External links

Official website

Izquierda Unida Los Verdes - Convocatoría por Andalucía

Izquierda Unida Aragón

Izquierda Xunida d'Asturies

Izquierda Unida de Cantabria

Izquierda Unida - Izquierda de Castilla-La Mancha

Esquerda Unida-Izquierda Unida

Esquerra Unida de les Illes Balears

Izquierda Unida - La Rioja

Izquierda Unida de la Comunidad de Madrid

Izquierda Unida de Navarra - Nafarroako Ezker Batua

Esquerra Unida del País Valencià

[1] Las bases de IU aprueban su alianza con Podemos para el 26-J por un 84,3%. El Confidencial, 05/05/2016.

[Nordsieck-2] Nordsieck, Wolfram (2016). "Spain". Parties and Elections in Europe. Retrieved 30 August 2018..mw-parser-output cite.citationfont-style:inherit.mw-parser-output .citation qquotes:"""""""'""'".mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-free abackground:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/9px-Lock-green.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-registration abackground:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-gray-alt-2.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-subscription abackground:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-red-alt-2.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registrationcolor:#555.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription span,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration spanborder-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon abackground:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/12px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center.mw-parser-output code.cs1-codecolor:inherit;background:inherit;border:inherit;padding:inherit.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-errordisplay:none;font-size:100%.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-errorfont-size:100%.mw-parser-output .cs1-maintdisplay:none;color:#33aa33;margin-left:0.3em.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration,.mw-parser-output .cs1-formatfont-size:95%.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-leftpadding-left:0.2em.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-rightpadding-right:0.2em

[3] ttps://www.laopiniondemurcia.es/comunidad/2010/11/15/iu-recurre-via-ecosocialista-atraer-votantes-descontentos-psoe/283346.html

[essa3-4] "European Social Survey 2012 - Appendix 3 (in English)" (PDF). European Science Foundation. 1 January 2014. Retrieved 6 May 2014.
^{[permanent dead link]}

[5] ttp://izquierda-unida.es/node/17312

[6] Like Ahora Madrid, Barcelona en Comú or Marea Atlántica. This lists gained 3,223 town councillors.

[icpslrf2002-7] ⁱ "Electoral incentives and organizational limits. The evolution of the Communist Party of Spain (PCE) and the United Left (IU) (in English)" (PDF). Institute of Political and Social Sciences. 2002. Retrieved 11 May 2014.

[tl2012-8] Topaloff, L (2012) Political Parties and Euroscepticism, pp192-193

[9] Entre coalición y partido, la evolución de modelo organizativo en IU, Luis Ramiro Archived March 26, 2012, at the Wayback Machine

[10] Following the tradition of the Spanish left since the formation of the Unified Socialist Party of Catalonia (PSUC) in 1936 (when communists and socialists joined forces in Catalunya), IU doesn't have any organization of its own in Catalonia. Until 1998, the referent of IU in Catalonia was Initiative for Catalonia (Iniciativa per Catalunya, now known as IC-V). But IC eventually broke relations with IU. A split in PSUC followed, and a new Catalan alliance, United and Alternative Left (Esquerra Unida i Alternativa, EUiA), was formed as the new Catalan referent of IU.

[11] IU rompe "a todos los efectos" con su federación madrileña. El Diario, 14/06/2015 - 10:48h. Aitor Rivero.

[12] La militancia de IU Madrid elige a Mauricio Valiente y Chus Alonso al frente de la nueva formación. Público, 03/05/2016.

v t e United Left
General Coordinators	Gerardo Iglesias (1986) Julio Anguita (1986–1999) Francisco Frutos (1999–2001) Gaspar Llamazares (2001–2008) Cayo Lara (2008–2014) Alberto Garzón (2014–)
Member parties	Communist Party of Spain Communist Youth Union of Spain Feminist Party of Spain Izquierda Abierta Republican Left Revolutionary Workers' Party
Regional branches	Andalusia Aragon Asturias Balearic Islands Menorca Basque Country Canary Islands Cantabria Castile and León Castilla-La Mancha Catalonia Extremadura Galicia La Rioja Madrid Murcia Navarre Valencian Country
Alliances	Unidos Podemos Andalusia: Adelante Andalucía Balearic Islands: Units Podem Més Basque Country: Elkarrekin Podemos Catalonia: En Comú Podem Catalunya en Comú–Podem Catalunya Sí que es Pot Galicia: En Marea Valencian Community: A la valenciana

v t e Political parties in Spain
Congress of Deputies (350)	PP (134) PSOE (84) UP–ECP–EM (67) Cs (32) ERC (9) PDeCAT (8) PNV (5) Compromís (4) EH Bildu (2) UPN (2) CC (1) FAC (1) NCa (1)
Senate (266)	PP (149) PSOE (62) UP (21) ERC (12) PNV (6) PDeCAT (4) Cs (3) Compromís (2) EH Bildu (1) CC–PNC (1) NCa (1) FAC (1) UPN (1) ASG (1) AHI (1) Vox (1)
Other parties in regional parliaments	PAR CHA BNG GBai UPL Més MpM CUP El Pi PRC GxF
European Parliament (54 of 751)	PP (EPP, 16) PSOE (S&D, 14) IP (IU (4) and ANOVA (1): GUE/NGL, 5 – ICV (1): Greens/EFA, 1) Podemos (GUE/NGL, 5) UPyD (ALDE, 4) Cs (ALDE, 2) Coalition for Europe (CDC (1) and PNV (1): ALDE, 2 - UDC (1): EPP, 1) EPDD (Greens/EFA, 2) LPD (GUE/NGL, 1) PE (Greens/EFA, 1)
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