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List of human cell types derived from the germ layers

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List of human cell types derived from the germ layers


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Anatomical Male Figure Showing Heart, Lungs, and Main Arteries.jpg
Part of a series of lists about
Human anatomy










See also


  • Epithelia

  • Anatomical terminology

  • Index of anatomy articles

  • Outline of anatomy


  • Cell types
    • by origin



  • v

  • t

  • e

This is a list of cells in humans derived from the three germ layers – ectoderm, mesoderm, and endoderm.


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Contents





  • 1 Cells derived from ectoderm

    • 1.1 Surface ectoderm

      • 1.1.1 Skin


      • 1.1.2 Anterior pituitary



    • 1.2 Neural crest

      • 1.2.1 Peripheral nervous system


      • 1.2.2 Neuroendocrine system


      • 1.2.3 Skin


      • 1.2.4 Teeth


      • 1.2.5 Eyes



    • 1.3 Neural tube

      • 1.3.1 Central nervous system


      • 1.3.2 Ependyma


      • 1.3.3 Pineal gland




  • 2 Cells derived from mesoderm

    • 2.1 Paraxial mesoderm

      • 2.1.1 Mesenchymal stem cell

        • 2.1.1.1 Osteochondroprogenitor cell


        • 2.1.1.2 Myofibroblast



      • 2.1.2 Other



    • 2.2 Intermediate mesoderm

      • 2.2.1 Renal stem cell


      • 2.2.2 Reproductive system



    • 2.3 Lateral plate mesoderm/hemangioblast

      • 2.3.1 Hematopoietic stem cell


      • 2.3.2 Circulatory system




  • 3 Cells derived from endoderm

    • 3.1 Foregut

      • 3.1.1 Respiratory system


      • 3.1.2 Digestive

        • 3.1.2.1 Stomach


        • 3.1.2.2 Intestine


        • 3.1.2.3 Liver


        • 3.1.2.4 Gallbladder


        • 3.1.2.5 Exocrine component of pancreas



      • 3.1.3 Islets of Langerhans



    • 3.2 Pharyngeal pouch


    • 3.3 Hindgut/cloaca



  • 4 References




Cells derived from ectoderm[edit]



Surface ectoderm[edit]



Skin[edit]


  • Trichocyte

  • Keratinocyte


Anterior pituitary[edit]


  • Gonadotrope

  • Corticotrope

  • Thyrotrope

  • Somatotrope

  • Lactotroph


Neural crest[edit]



Peripheral nervous system[edit]


  • Neuron


  • Glia
    • Schwann cell

    • Satellite glial cell



Neuroendocrine system[edit]


  • Chromaffin cell

  • Glomus cell


Skin[edit]



  • Melanocyte
    • Nevus cell

  • Merkel cell


Teeth[edit]


  • Odontoblast

  • Cementoblast


Eyes[edit]


  • Corneal keratocyte


Neural tube[edit]



Central nervous system[edit]


  • Neuron


  • Glia (Oligodendrocyte


  • Astrocyte)


Ependyma[edit]


  • Ependymocytes


Pineal gland[edit]


  • Pinealocyte


Cells derived from mesoderm[edit]



Paraxial mesoderm[edit]



Mesenchymal stem cell[edit]



Osteochondroprogenitor cell[edit]

  • Bone (Osteoblast → Osteocyte)

  • Cartilage (Chondroblast → Chondrocyte)


Myofibroblast[edit]

  • Fat

    • Lipoblast → Adipocyte

  • Muscle

    • Myoblast → Myocyte

    • Myosatellite cell

    • Tendon cell

    • Cardiac muscle cell


  • Other

    • Fibroblast → Fibrocyte


Other[edit]


  • Digestive system
    • Interstitial cell of Cajal


Intermediate mesoderm[edit]



Renal stem cell[edit]



  • Angioblast → Endothelial cell


  • Mesangial cell
    • Intraglomerular

    • Extraglomerular


  • Juxtaglomerular cell

  • Macula densa cell


  • Stromal cell → Interstitial cell → Telocytes


  • Simple epithelial cell → Podocyte

  • Kidney proximal tubule brush border cell


Reproductive system[edit]


  • Sertoli cell

  • Leydig cell

  • Granulosa cell

  • Peg cell


  • germ cells
    • spermatozoon

    • ovum



Lateral plate mesoderm/hemangioblast[edit]



Hematopoietic stem cell[edit]



  • Lymphoid
    • Lymphoblast

    • see lymphocytes



  • Myeloid
    • CFU-GEMM

    • see myeloid cells



Circulatory system[edit]


  • Endothelial progenitor cell

  • Endothelial colony forming cell

  • Endothelial stem cell


  • Angioblast/Mesoangioblast

  • Pericyte

  • Mural cell


Cells derived from endoderm[edit]



Foregut[edit]



Respiratory system[edit]



  • Pneumocyte
    • Type 1

    • Type 2


  • Club cell

  • Goblet cell


Digestive[edit]



Stomach[edit]


  • Enteroendocrine cell
    • G cell

    • Delta cell

    • Enterochromaffin-like cell


  • Gastric chief cell

  • Parietal cell

  • Foveolar cell


Intestine[edit]


  • Enteroendocrine cell
    • Gastric inhibitory polypeptide

    • S cell

    • Delta cell

    • Cholecystokinin


  • Goblet cell

  • Paneth cell

  • Tuft cell


  • Enterocyte
    • Microfold cell


Liver[edit]

  • Hepatocyte

  • Hepatic stellate cell

  • (Kupffer cell from mesoderm)


Gallbladder[edit]

  • Cholecystocyte

Exocrine component of pancreas[edit]

  • Centroacinar cell

  • Pancreatic stellate cell


Islets of Langerhans[edit]


  • alpha cell

  • beta cell

  • delta cell


  • PP cell (F cell, gamma cell)

  • epsilon cell


Pharyngeal pouch[edit]


  • Thyroid gland
    • Follicular cell


    • Parafollicular cell[1]



  • Parathyroid gland
    • Parathyroid chief cell

    • Oxyphil cell



Hindgut/cloaca[edit]


  • Urothelial cell


References[edit]




  1. ^ Nilsson M, Williams D (July 2016). "On the Origin of Cells and Derivation of Thyroid Cancer: C Cell Story Revisited". European Thyroid Journal. 5 (2): 79–93. doi:10.1159/000447333. PMC 4949372. PMID 27493881..mw-parser-output cite.citationfont-style:inherit.mw-parser-output .citation qquotes:"""""""'""'".mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-free abackground:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/9px-Lock-green.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-registration abackground:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-gray-alt-2.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-subscription abackground:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-red-alt-2.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registrationcolor:#555.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription span,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration spanborder-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon abackground:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/12px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center.mw-parser-output code.cs1-codecolor:inherit;background:inherit;border:inherit;padding:inherit.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-errordisplay:none;font-size:100%.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-errorfont-size:100%.mw-parser-output .cs1-maintdisplay:none;color:#33aa33;margin-left:0.3em.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration,.mw-parser-output .cs1-formatfont-size:95%.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-leftpadding-left:0.2em.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-rightpadding-right:0.2em










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