List of human cell types derived from the germ layers
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List of human cell types derived from the germ layers
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This is a list of cells in humans derived from the three germ layers – ectoderm, mesoderm, and endoderm.
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Contents
1 Cells derived from ectoderm
1.1 Surface ectoderm
1.1.1 Skin
1.1.2 Anterior pituitary
1.2 Neural crest
1.2.1 Peripheral nervous system
1.2.2 Neuroendocrine system
1.2.3 Skin
1.2.4 Teeth
1.2.5 Eyes
1.3 Neural tube
1.3.1 Central nervous system
1.3.2 Ependyma
1.3.3 Pineal gland
2 Cells derived from mesoderm
2.1 Paraxial mesoderm
2.1.1 Mesenchymal stem cell
2.1.1.1 Osteochondroprogenitor cell
2.1.1.2 Myofibroblast
2.1.2 Other
2.2 Intermediate mesoderm
2.2.1 Renal stem cell
2.2.2 Reproductive system
2.3 Lateral plate mesoderm/hemangioblast
2.3.1 Hematopoietic stem cell
2.3.2 Circulatory system
3 Cells derived from endoderm
3.1 Foregut
3.1.1 Respiratory system
3.1.2 Digestive
3.1.2.1 Stomach
3.1.2.2 Intestine
3.1.2.3 Liver
3.1.2.4 Gallbladder
3.1.2.5 Exocrine component of pancreas
3.1.3 Islets of Langerhans
3.2 Pharyngeal pouch
3.3 Hindgut/cloaca
4 References
Cells derived from ectoderm[edit]
Surface ectoderm[edit]
Skin[edit]
- Trichocyte
- Keratinocyte
Anterior pituitary[edit]
- Gonadotrope
- Corticotrope
- Thyrotrope
- Somatotrope
- Lactotroph
Neural crest[edit]
Peripheral nervous system[edit]
- Neuron
Glia- Schwann cell
- Satellite glial cell
Neuroendocrine system[edit]
- Chromaffin cell
- Glomus cell
Skin[edit]
Melanocyte- Nevus cell
- Merkel cell
Teeth[edit]
- Odontoblast
- Cementoblast
Eyes[edit]
- Corneal keratocyte
Neural tube[edit]
Central nervous system[edit]
- Neuron
Glia (Oligodendrocyte
Astrocyte)
Ependyma[edit]
- Ependymocytes
Pineal gland[edit]
- Pinealocyte
Cells derived from mesoderm[edit]
Paraxial mesoderm[edit]
Mesenchymal stem cell[edit]
Osteochondroprogenitor cell[edit]
- Bone (Osteoblast → Osteocyte)
- Cartilage (Chondroblast → Chondrocyte)
Myofibroblast[edit]
- Fat
Lipoblast → Adipocyte
- Muscle
Myoblast → Myocyte- Myosatellite cell
- Tendon cell
- Cardiac muscle cell
- Other
Fibroblast → Fibrocyte
Other[edit]
- Digestive system
- Interstitial cell of Cajal
Intermediate mesoderm[edit]
Renal stem cell[edit]
Angioblast → Endothelial cell
Mesangial cell- Intraglomerular
- Extraglomerular
- Juxtaglomerular cell
- Macula densa cell
Stromal cell → Interstitial cell → Telocytes
Simple epithelial cell → Podocyte- Kidney proximal tubule brush border cell
Reproductive system[edit]
- Sertoli cell
- Leydig cell
- Granulosa cell
- Peg cell
germ cells- spermatozoon
- ovum
Lateral plate mesoderm/hemangioblast[edit]
Hematopoietic stem cell[edit]
Lymphoid- Lymphoblast
- see lymphocytes
Myeloid- CFU-GEMM
- see myeloid cells
Circulatory system[edit]
- Endothelial progenitor cell
- Endothelial colony forming cell
- Endothelial stem cell
Angioblast/Mesoangioblast- Pericyte
- Mural cell
Cells derived from endoderm[edit]
Foregut[edit]
Respiratory system[edit]
Pneumocyte- Type 1
- Type 2
- Club cell
- Goblet cell
Digestive[edit]
Stomach[edit]
Enteroendocrine cell- G cell
- Delta cell
- Enterochromaffin-like cell
- Gastric chief cell
- Parietal cell
- Foveolar cell
Intestine[edit]
Enteroendocrine cell- Gastric inhibitory polypeptide
- S cell
- Delta cell
- Cholecystokinin
- Goblet cell
- Paneth cell
- Tuft cell
Enterocyte- Microfold cell
Liver[edit]
- Hepatocyte
- Hepatic stellate cell
- (Kupffer cell from mesoderm)
Gallbladder[edit]
- Cholecystocyte
Exocrine component of pancreas[edit]
- Centroacinar cell
- Pancreatic stellate cell
Islets of Langerhans[edit]
- alpha cell
- beta cell
- delta cell
PP cell (F cell, gamma cell)- epsilon cell
Pharyngeal pouch[edit]
- Thyroid gland
- Follicular cell
Parafollicular cell[1]
Parathyroid gland- Parathyroid chief cell
- Oxyphil cell
Hindgut/cloaca[edit]
- Urothelial cell
References[edit]
^ Nilsson M, Williams D (July 2016). "On the Origin of Cells and Derivation of Thyroid Cancer: C Cell Story Revisited". European Thyroid Journal. 5 (2): 79–93. doi:10.1159/000447333. PMC 4949372. PMID 27493881..mw-parser-output cite.citationfont-style:inherit.mw-parser-output .citation qquotes:"""""""'""'".mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-free abackground:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/9px-Lock-green.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-registration abackground:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-gray-alt-2.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-subscription abackground:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-red-alt-2.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registrationcolor:#555.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription span,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration spanborder-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon abackground:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/12px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center.mw-parser-output code.cs1-codecolor:inherit;background:inherit;border:inherit;padding:inherit.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-errordisplay:none;font-size:100%.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-errorfont-size:100%.mw-parser-output .cs1-maintdisplay:none;color:#33aa33;margin-left:0.3em.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration,.mw-parser-output .cs1-formatfont-size:95%.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-leftpadding-left:0.2em.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-rightpadding-right:0.2em
Categories:
- Germ layers
- Embryology
- Gastrulation
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