D major
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| Relative key | B minor |
|---|---|
| Parallel key | D minor |
| Dominant key | A major |
| Subdominant | G major |
| Component pitches | |
| D, E, F♯, G, A, B, C♯ | |
D major (or the key of D) is a major scale based on D, consisting of the pitches D, E, F♯, G, A, B, and C♯. Its key signature consists of two sharps. Its relative minor is B minor and its parallel minor is D minor.
The D major scale is:
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clef treble key d major time 7/4 d4 e fis g a b cis d cis b a g fis e d2
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relative c' Contents
1 Characteristics
2 History
3 Notable compositions in D major
4 See also
5 References
6 External links
Characteristics
D major is well-suited to violin music because of the structure of the instrument, which is tuned G D A E. The open strings resonate sympathetically with the D string, producing a sound that is especially brilliant. This is also the case with all other orchestral strings.
It is thus no coincidence that many classical composers throughout the centuries have chosen to write violin concertos in D major, including those by Mozart (No. 2, 1775, No. 4, 1775); Ludwig van Beethoven (1806); Paganini (No. 1, 1817); Brahms (1878); Tchaikovsky (1878); Prokofiev (No. 1, 1917); Stravinsky (1931); and Korngold (1945).
The key is also appropriate for guitar music, with drop D tuning making two D's available as open strings. For some beginning wind instrument students, however, D major is not a very suitable key, since it transposes to E major on B♭ wind instruments, and beginning methods generally tend to avoid keys with more than three sharps.
Even so, the clarinet in B♭ is still often used for music in D major, and it is perhaps the sharpest key that is practical for the instrument. There are composers however who, in writing a piece in D minor with B♭ clarinets, will have them change to clarinets in A if the music switches to D major, two examples being Rachmaninoff's Third Piano Concerto and Beethoven's Ninth Symphony in the fourth movement.
The vast majority of tin whistles are in D, since they are often used in music with fiddles. It is a common key for Pub session playing.
History
In the Baroque period, D major was regarded as "the key of glory";[1] hence many trumpet concertos were in D major, such as those by Johann Friedrich Fasch, Gross, Molter (No. 2), Leopold Mozart, Telemann (No. 2), and Giuseppe Torelli. Many trumpet sonatas were in D major, too, such as those by Corelli, Petronio Franceschini, Purcell, and Torelli. "The Trumpet Shall Sound" and the "Hallelujah" chorus from Handel's Messiah, and his coronation anthem Zadok the Priest are in D major.
23 of Haydn's 104 symphonies are in D major, making it the most-often used main key of his symphonies. The vast majority of Mozart's unnumbered symphonies are in D major, namely K. 66c, 81/73, 97/73m, 95/73n, 120/111a and 161/163/141a. The symphony evolved from the overture, and "D major was by far the most common key for overtures in the second half of the eighteenth century."[2] This continued even into the Romantic Period, and was used for the "triumphant" final movements of several D minor symphonies, including Beethoven's Ninth Symphony, the only symphony by César Franck, Sergei Rachmaninoff's First Symphony, and Felix Mendelssohn's Fifth Symphony.
Famous symphonies written in D major include Mozart's symphonies No. 31 (Paris) and No. 38 (Prague), Beethoven's No. 2 Op. 36, Brahms's No. 2 Op. 73, Sibelius's No. 2 Op. 43, Mahler's No. 9 (though it ends in the remote key of D♭ major) and Prokofiev's No. 1 (Classical) Op. 25.
Scriabin considered D major to be golden in color (see chromesthesia) and, in a discussion with Rimsky-Korsakov, he gave an example from one of Rimsky-Korsakov's own operas where a character sang in D major about gold.[citation needed]
Notable compositions in D major
Claudio Monteverdi
Vespro della Beata Vergine: I. Deus in adjutorium
Antonio Vivaldi
Gloria RV 589
Johann Sebastian Bach
Brandenburg Concerto No. 5, BWV 1051
Cello Suite No. 6, BWV 1012
Orchestral Suite No. 3, BWV 1068
Orchestral Suite No. 4, BWV 1069
Magnificat, BWV 243
Johann Pachelbel- Canon in D
George Frideric Handel
Music for the Royal Fireworks, HWV 351- Hallelujah Chorus from Messiah, HWV 56
Joseph Haydn
Cello Concerto No. 2, Op. 101, Hob. VIIb/2
String Quartet No. 41, Hob.III:49 ("The Frog")
String Quartet No. 53, Hob.III:63 ("The Lark")
String Quartet No. 64, Hob.III:79 ("Largo")
Symphony No. 86, Hob.I:86
Symphony No. 96, Hob.I:96 ("The Miracle")
Symphony No. 101, Hob.I:101 ("The Clock")
Symphony No. 104, Hob.I:104 ("London")
Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart
Symphony No. 8, KV 48
Symphony No. 20, KV 133
Symphony No. 30, KV 202
Symphony No. 31, KV 297 ("Paris")
Symphony No. 35, KV 385 ("Haffner")
Symphony No. 38, KV 504 ("Prague")
Piano Concerto No. 5, KV 175
Piano Concerto No. 16, KV 451
Piano Concerto No. 26, KV 537 ("Coronation")
String Quartet No. 20, KV 499 ("Hoffmeister")
String Quartet No. 21, KV 575
String Quintet No. 5, KV 593
Piano Sonata No. 6, KV 284 ("Dürnitz")
Piano Sonata No. 9, KV 311
Piano Sonata No. 18, KV 576
Sonata in D major for Two Pianos, KV 448- Overture to The Marriage of Figaro, KV 492
Ludwig van Beethoven
String Quartet No. 3, Op. 18 No. 3
Piano Sonata No. 15, Op. 28 ("Pastoral")
Symphony No. 2, Op. 36
Violin Concerto, Op. 61
Piano Trio No. 5, Op. 70 No. 1 ("Ghost")
Missa Solemnis, Op. 123
Franz Schubert
Symphony No. 1, D. 82
Symphony No. 3, D. 200
String Quartet No. 6, D. 74
String Quartet No. 7, D. 94- Andantino from Trout Quintet, D. 667
Piano Sonata No. 17, D 850 "Gasteiner"
Felix Mendelssohn- Overture to Calm Sea and Prosperous Voyage, Op. 27
Cello Sonata No. 2, Op. 58
String Quartet No. 3, Op. 44 No. 1
Frédéric Chopin- Mazurka, Op. 33 No. 2
- Prelude No. 5, Op. 28 No. 5
Johannes Brahms
Hungarian Dance No. 6, WoO 21
Serenade No. 1, Op. 11
Symphony No. 2, Op. 73
Violin Concerto, Op. 77
Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky
String Quartet No. 1, Op. 11
Symphony No. 3, Op. 29 ("Polish")
Violin Concerto, Op. 35- "Waltz of the Flowers" from The Nutcracker, Op. 71a
Antonín Dvořák
Symphony No. 6, B 112 Op. 60
Czech Suite, B 39 Op. 39
Slavonic Dance No. 6, B 83 Op. 46
Gustav Mahler- Symphony No. 1 "Titan"
Jean Sibelius
Symphony No. 2, Op. 43
Ralph Vaughan Williams
Symphony No. 5 in D major
Sergei Prokofiev
Violin Concerto No. 1, Op. 19
Symphony No. 1, Op. 25 ("Classical")
Dmitri Shostakovich
String Quartet No. 4, Op. 83
Prelude No. 5, Op. 87 No. 5
Jules Massenet- "Méditation" from Thaïs
- "Méditation" from Thaïs
See also
- Key (music)
- Major and minor
- Chord (music)
- Chord names and symbols (popular music)
References
^ Rita Steblin: A History of Key Characteristics in the Eighteenth and Early Nineteenth Centuries (Rochester, University of Rochester Press: 1996) p. 124 "The key of triumph, of Hallelujahs, of war-cries, of victory-rejoicing."
^ Rice, John (1998). Antonio Salieri & Viennese Opera. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. p. 124..mw-parser-output cite.citationfont-style:inherit.mw-parser-output .citation qquotes:"""""""'""'".mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-free abackground:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/9px-Lock-green.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-registration abackground:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-gray-alt-2.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-subscription abackground:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-red-alt-2.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registrationcolor:#555.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription span,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration spanborder-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon abackground:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/12px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center.mw-parser-output code.cs1-codecolor:inherit;background:inherit;border:inherit;padding:inherit.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-errordisplay:none;font-size:100%.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-errorfont-size:100%.mw-parser-output .cs1-maintdisplay:none;color:#33aa33;margin-left:0.3em.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration,.mw-parser-output .cs1-formatfont-size:95%.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-leftpadding-left:0.2em.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-rightpadding-right:0.2em
External links
Media related to D major at Wikimedia Commons
Media related to D major at Wikimedia CommonsDiatonic scales and keys | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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| The table indicates the number of sharps or flats in each scale. Minor scales are written in lower case. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
