École des Beaux-Arts
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Palais des études of the École nationale supérieure des Beaux-Arts, Paris
An École des Beaux-Arts (French pronunciation: [ekɔl de bozaʁ], School of Fine Arts) is one of a number of influential art schools in France. The most famous is the École nationale supérieure des Beaux-Arts, now located on the left bank in Paris, across the Seine from the Louvre, at 14 rue Bonaparte (in the 6th arrondissement). The school has a history spanning more than 350 years, training many of the great artists in Europe. Beaux Arts style was modeled on classical "antiquities", preserving these idealized forms and passing the style on to future generations.[1]
Contents
1 History
2 Institutions
3 Notable instructors, Paris
4 Notable alumni, Paris
5 See also
6 Notes
7 External links
History
The origins of the school go back to 1648 when the Académie des Beaux-Arts was founded by Cardinal Mazarin to educate the most talented students in drawing, painting, sculpture, engraving, architecture and other media. Louis XIV was known to select graduates from the school to decorate the royal apartments at Versailles, and in 1863 Napoleon III granted the school independence from the government, changing the name to "L'École des Beaux-Arts". Women were admitted beginning in 1897.
The curriculum was divided into the "Academy of Painting and Sculpture" and the "Academy of Architecture". Both programs focused on classical arts and architecture from Ancient Greek and Roman culture. All students were required to prove their skills with basic drawing tasks before advancing to figure drawing and painting. This culminated in a competition for the Grand Prix de Rome, awarding a full scholarship to study in Rome. The three trials to obtain the prize lasted for nearly three months. Many of the most famous artists in Europe were trained here, including Géricault, Degas, Delacroix, Fragonard, Ingres, Moreau, Renoir, Seurat, Cassandre, and Sisley. Rodin however, applied on three occasions but was refused entry.[2]
The buildings of the school are largely the creation of French architect Félix Duban, who was commissioned for the main building in 1830. His work realigned the campus, and continued through 1861, completing an architectural program out towards the Quai Malaquais.
The Paris school is the namesake and founding location of the Beaux Arts architectural movement in the early twentieth century. Known for demanding classwork and setting the highest standards for education, the École attracted students from around the world—including the United States, where students returned to design buildings that would influence the history of architecture in America, including the Boston Public Library, 1888–1895 (McKim, Mead & White) and the New York Public Library, 1897–1911 (Carrère and Hastings). Architectural graduates, especially in France, are granted the title élève.
The architecture department was separated from the École after the May 1968 student strikes at the Sorbonne. The name was changed to École nationale supérieure des Beaux-Arts. Today, over 500 students make use of an extensive collection of classical art coupled with modern additions to the curriculum, including photography and hypermedia.[3]
Institutions
- ENSA École nationale des beaux arts de Dijon
- ENSA École nationale des beaux arts de Bourges
- ENSBA École nationale supérieure des Beaux-Arts Lyon
European Academy of Art (EESAB) in Lorient, Rennes, Quimper, and Brest- ESADMM École supérieure d'art et de design Marseille-Méditerranée
- ENSA École nationale des beaux arts de Nancy
École nationale supérieure des Beaux-Arts (ENSBA), Paris- ESAD École supérieure d'art et design de Valence, Valence
Notable instructors, Paris
- Marina Abramović
- Pierre Alechinsky
- Mirra Alfassa
- Louis-Jules André
- Antoine Berjon
- François Boisrond
- Christian Boltanski
- Léon Bonnat
- Duchenne de Boulogne
- Jean-Marc Bustamante
- Alexandre Cabanel
- Pierre Carron
- César
- Jean-François Chevrier
- Claude Closky
- Jules Coutan
- Richard Deacon
- Aimé-Jules Dalou
- Lin Fengmian
- Louis Girault
- Fabrice Hybert
- François Jouffroy
- Victor Laloux
- Paul Landowski
- Jean-Paul Laurens
- Charles Le Brun
- Michel Marot
- Annette Messager
- Gustave Moreau
- Jean-Louis Pascal
Auguste Perret,- Emmanuel Pontremoli
- Paul Richer
Louis Sullivan, American architect, left after one year- Pan Yuliang
Notable alumni, Paris
David Adler, architect, American
Nadir Afonso, painter
Rodolfo Amoedo, painter
Émile André, architect, French
Paul Andreu, French architect, 1968 graduate [4]
Théodore Ballu, architect
Edward Bennett, architect, city planner
Jules Benoit-Levy, painting
Étienne-Prosper Berne-Bellecour, painter
Robert Bery, painter
Alexander Bogen, painter
Wim Boissevain, painter, Dutch-Australian
Maurice Boitel, painter
Pierre Bonnard, painter
Jacques Borker, tapestry designer, painter, sculptor, French artist.
Joseph-Félix Bouchor, painter
William-Adolphe Bouguereau, painter
Antoine Bourdelle, sculptor, French
Louis Bourgeois, architect, French Canadian
George T. Brewster, sculptor, American
Bernard Buffet, painter
Carlo Bugatti, designer and furniture maker, Italian
John James Burnet, architect
Mary Cassatt, painter
Paul Chalfin, painter and designer, American
Charles Frédéric Chassériau, architect, French
Araldo Cossutta, architect, Yugoslavian-American
Suzor-Coté, painter
Henri Crenier, sculptor
John Walter Cross, architect, American
Henry Dangler, architect, American
Jacques-Louis David, painter
Gabriel Davioud, architect
Marie-Abraham Rosalbin de Buncey, painter, French
Edgar Degas, painter, French
Eugène Delacroix, painter, French
Jenny Eakin Delony, painter, American
Constant-Désiré Despradelle, architect, French
Henry d'Estienne painter, French
Félix Duban, architect, French
Thomas Eakins, painter, American
Ernest Flagg, architect, American
Jean-Honoré Fragonard, painter, French
Meta Vaux Warrick Fuller, sculptor, painter, poet, American
Charles Garnier, architect, French
Tony Garnier, architect, French
Adrien Étienne Gaudez, sculptor, French
Théodore Géricault, painter, French
Heydar Ghiaï-Chamlou, architect, Iranian[5]
Georges Gimel, painter, French
Charles Ginner, painter
Louis Girault, architect, French
Hubert de Givenchy, fashion designer
André Godard, designer of University of Tehran main campus
Jean Baptiste Guth, portrait artist
L. Birge Harrison, painter
Thomas Hastings, architect, American- Yves Hernot, Painting, photographer
Mary Rockwell Hook, architect, American
Richard Morris Hunt, architect, American
Jean Auguste Dominique Ingres, painter, French
Sadik Kaceli, painter, Albanian
Mati Klarwein, painter
Constantin Kluge, painter, Russian
György Kornis, painter, Hungarian
Victor Laloux, architect, French
Jules Lavirotte, architect, French
Paul Leroy painter, French
Charles-Amable Lenoir painter, French
Stanton Macdonald-Wright, painter, American
Joseph Margulies, painter
Albert Marquet, painter, French
William Sutherland Maxwell, architect
Bernard Maybeck, architect, American
Annette Messager, installationist, multi-media
Jean-François Millet, painter, Norman
Gustave Moreau, painter, French
Julia Morgan, architect, American
Ngo Viet Thu, architect, Vietnamese
Victor Nicolas, sculptor, French
Francisco Oller, painter, Puerto Rican
Ong Schan Tchow (alias Yung Len Kwui), painter
Alphonse Osbert, painter, French
J. Harleston Parker, architect, American
Jean-Louis Pascal, architect
Théophile Poilpot, painter, French
John Russell Pope, architect, American
Robert Poughéon, painter, French
S. H. Raza, painter, Indian
Neel Reid, architect, American
Pierre-Auguste Renoir, painter
Arthur W. Rice, architect, American
Gustave Rives, architect
Cécilia Rodhe, sculptor
James Gamble Rogers, architect, American
Kanuty Rusiecki, painter, Lithuanian
Augustus Saint-Gaudens, sculptor, American
Bojan Šarčević, sculptor
Louis-Frederic Schützenberger, painter, French
Georges Seurat, painter, French
Joann Sfar, designer
Amrita Sher-Gil, painter, Indian
Nicolas Sicard painter, French
Alfred Sisley, painter
Clarence Stein, designer
Yehezkel Streichman, painter
Lorado Taft, sculptor
Agnes Tait, painter, lithographer
Vedat Tek, architect, Turkish
Albert-Félix-Théophile Thomas, architect
Edward Lippincott Tilton, architect, American
Roland Topor, designer
George Oakley Totten, Jr., architect, American
Morton Traylor, painter, American
Guillaume Tronchet, architect
Valentino, fashion designer
William Van Alen, architect
Vann Molyvann, architect, Cambodian
Agnès Varda, film director
Lydia Venieri, painter, Greek
Carlos Raúl Villanueva, architect
Lucien Weissenburger, architect
Norval White, architect, American
Ivor Wood, animator and director, Anglo-French
Alice Morgan Wright, sculptor, American
Marion Sims Wyeth, architect, American
Georges Zipélius, illustrator, French
Jacques Zwobada, sculptor, French of Czech origins
Yasuo Mizui, sculptor, Japanese
Högna Sigurðardóttir, architect, Icelandic
Fang Ganmin, painter, Chinese
Yan Wenliang, painter, Chinese
See also
- Académie des Beaux-Arts
- Architecture of Paris
- Beaux-Arts architecture
- Comité des Étudiants Américains de l'École des Beaux-Arts Paris
- Paris Salon
Notes
^ Pierre Bourdieu (1998). The State Nobility: Elite Schools in the Field of Power. Stanford UP. pp. 133–35..mw-parser-output cite.citationfont-style:inherit.mw-parser-output .citation qquotes:"""""""'""'".mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-free abackground:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/9px-Lock-green.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-registration abackground:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-gray-alt-2.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-subscription abackground:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-red-alt-2.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registrationcolor:#555.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription span,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration spanborder-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon abackground:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/12px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center.mw-parser-output code.cs1-codecolor:inherit;background:inherit;border:inherit;padding:inherit.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-errordisplay:none;font-size:100%.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-errorfont-size:100%.mw-parser-output .cs1-maintdisplay:none;color:#33aa33;margin-left:0.3em.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration,.mw-parser-output .cs1-formatfont-size:95%.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-leftpadding-left:0.2em.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-rightpadding-right:0.2em
^ "Rodin, Famous Sculptor, Dead". The New York Times. 18 November 1917. p. E3.
^ Online catalogue. "Entrée des artistes"
^ "Paul Andreu – French architect and engineer mostly noted for his numerous airport designs". structurae.net. Retrieved 2015-09-13.
^ Heydar, Ghiai, designer of the Iran Senate House
External links
 | Wikimedia Commons has media related to École nationale supérieure des beaux-arts. |
The Ecole des Beaux-Arts – Historical essay
École nationale supérieure des Beaux-Arts – Official website
École nationale supérieure des Beaux-Arts – History
Coordinates: 48°51′24″N 2°20′01″E / 48.85667°N 2.33361°E / 48.85667; 2.33361
