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International League
	; International League logo;
Sport	Baseball
Founded	1884
President	Randy Mobley
No. of teams	14
Country	United States
Most recent; champion(s)	; Durham Bulls (2018)
Most titles	; Rochester Red Wings (19)
Classification	Triple-A
TV partner(s)	; MiLB.TV, MLB Network, and local sports networks
Official website	www.ilbaseball.com

The International League (IL) is a Minor League Baseball league that operates in the eastern United States and is headquartered in Dublin, Ohio. Like the Pacific Coast League and the Mexican League, it plays at the Triple-A level, which is one step below Major League Baseball.

It was so named because throughout its history the International League has had teams in Canada and Cuba as well as those in the United States. However, since the relocation of the Ottawa Lynx to Allentown, Pennsylvania, to become the Lehigh Valley IronPigs for the 2008 season, all of the league's teams are now based in the U.S. Today, the league is composed of 14 teams across 9 states stretching from Indianapolis, Indiana, to Pawtucket, Rhode Island, and from Rochester, New York, to Lawrenceville, Georgia.

A league champion is determined at the end of every season. The Rochester Red Wings have won 19 International League titles, the most in the league's history, followed by the Buffalo Bisons (12) and the Toronto Maple Leafs (11). Since the introduction of the Governors' Cup in 1933, the most cup titles have been won by Rochester and the Columbus Clippers (10), followed by the Syracuse Mets (8) and the Montreal Royals (7). After the season, the IL champion plays in the Triple-A National Championship Game against the Pacific Coast League champion to determine an overall champion of Triple-A baseball. The Columbus Clippers and Durham Bulls have each won two national championships, more than any other IL teams.

History

International League baseball executives in 1915

The International League was created from the mergers of member teams from three precursor leagues: the Eastern League, which was itself a re-organization of the Interstate Association of 1883; the New York State League, formed in 1885; and the Ontario League, also organized in 1885. The New York State and Ontario leagues merged in 1886 to form the International League, and in 1887 the Eastern League was absorbed to create a 10-club league.

The league collapsed soon afterwards, when the northern teams claimed that it was too onerous to travel to the south and formed the International Association. Teams and league names came and went over the years. The league was also affected by the effort to establish the Federal League as a new third major league from 1914 to 1915, with franchises being added and dropped and new ballparks built. In 1954, a franchise was awarded to Havana, Cuba, but due to political upheaval in that country it had to be moved — to Jersey City, New Jersey — in the middle of the 1960 season. Another foray into the Caribbean failed when the newly created team in San Juan, Puerto Rico, added in 1961, had to be moved to Charleston, West Virginia, in mid-season.

In 1971, an International League all-star team beat the New York Yankees in an exhibition game in Rochester, New York, before 11,000 people. In 1984, the all-stars lost to the Cleveland Indians in 11 innings before 11,032 fans in Columbus, Ohio, to commemorate the league's 100th anniversary.

The International League and the American Association, another Triple-A league that operated in the Midwest, voted in 1988 to play interleague games as part of the Triple-A Alliance.^[1] The league also split into two divisions that year. The interleague concept ended in 1992, but the two league divisions remained.

In 1998, with the addition of three new teams from the disbanded American Association and the Durham Bulls who previously played in the Carolina League, the International League reorganized into three divisions for the first time.

Structure and season

The International League is divided into three divisions: the North Division, South Division, and West Division. The North Division consists of six teams, while the South and West Divisions each have four teams.^[2] The teams are slated to play 140 games in 2018, reduced from 142 in 2017 and 144 during the years 1998-2016.^[3] The season typically begins during the first week of April and concludes on Labor Day.^[4] The league plays by the same rules listed in the Official Baseball Rules published by Major League Baseball.^[5]

Championship and interleague play

IL All-Stars at the 2015 Triple-A All-Star Game

At the end of each season, the three divisional leaders and a wild card team square off in best-of-five series playoffs to determine a league champion, with the winner awarded the Governors' Cup, the league's championship trophy. Under this format, the North Division champion plays the wild card team, while the champions of the South and West Divisions play one another in best-of-five series. The winners then play each other in a best-of-five series to determine the champion.^[6]

Since 2006, the IL champion has played against the Pacific Coast League's champion in the Triple-A National Championship Game, a single game to determine an overall champion of Triple-A baseball. Previously, the IL champion also competed in the Triple-A World Series (1983, 1998–2000), Junior World Series (1919), and other sporadic postseason competitions throughout the league's history.

Other interleague play occurs during the Triple-A All-Star Game. Traditionally, the game has taken place on the day after the mid-summer Major League Baseball All-Star Game.^[7] The game is meant to mark a symbolic halfway-point in the season (though not the mathematical halfway-point which, for most seasons, is usually one month prior). During the All-Star break, no regular-season games are scheduled for two days before the All-Star Game itself.^[8]

Current teams

Current team locations:

North Division

South Division

West Division

Division	Team	Founded^[a]	MLB Affiliation	Affiliated	City	Stadium	Capacity^[b]
North	Buffalo Bisons	1985	Toronto Blue Jays	2013	Buffalo, New York	Sahlen Field	16,907
	Lehigh Valley IronPigs	2008	Philadelphia Phillies	2007	Allentown, Pennsylvania	Coca-Cola Park	10,100
	Pawtucket Red Sox	1973	Boston Red Sox	1970	Pawtucket, Rhode Island	McCoy Stadium	10,031
	Rochester Red Wings	1899	Minnesota Twins	2003	Rochester, New York	Frontier Field	10,840
	Scranton/Wilkes-Barre RailRiders	1989	New York Yankees	2007	Moosic, Pennsylvania	PNC Field	10,000
	Syracuse Mets	1961	New York Mets	2019	Syracuse, New York	NBT Bank Stadium	11,731
South	Charlotte Knights	1993	Chicago White Sox	1999	Charlotte, North Carolina	BB&T Ballpark	10,200
	Durham Bulls	1998	Tampa Bay Rays	1998	Durham, North Carolina	Durham Bulls Athletic Park	10,000
	Gwinnett Stripers	2009	Atlanta Braves	1965	Lawrenceville, Georgia	Coolray Field	10,427
	Norfolk Tides	1969	Baltimore Orioles	2007	Norfolk, Virginia	Harbor Park	11,856
West	Columbus Clippers	1977	Cleveland Indians	2009	Columbus, Ohio	Huntington Park	10,100
	Indianapolis Indians	1902	Pittsburgh Pirates	2005	Indianapolis, Indiana	Victory Field	14,230
	Louisville Bats	1982	Cincinnati Reds	2000	Louisville, Kentucky	Louisville Slugger Field	13,131
	Toledo Mud Hens	1965	Detroit Tigers	1987	Toledo, Ohio	Fifth Third Field	10,300

^a Indicates current IL franchise's first year in current city. Some franchises have prior history in other cities, or had local predecessor franchises at other levels that shared their current name.

^b Many stadiums have lawn seating; thus, capacity is approximate.

Current team rosters

Defunct teams

League timeline

Current team Former team

Champions

The International League has crowned a league champion each season since 1884. Through 1932, the championship was awarded to the regular season pennant winner. In 1933, the league introduced a postseason playoff system to determine a champion. The winner is awarded the Governors' Cup.

Championship wins by team

Active International League teams appear in bold.

Wins	Team	Championship years
19	Rochester Bronchos/Red Wings	1899, 1901, 1909, 1910, 1911, 1928, 1929, 1930, 1931, 1939, 1952, 1955, 1956, 1964, 1971, 1974, 1988, 1990, 1997
12	Buffalo Bisons	1891, 1904, 1906, 1915, 1916, 1927, 1933, 1936, 1957, 1961, 1998, 2004
11	Toronto Maple Leafs	1897, 1902, 1907, 1912, 1917, 1918, 1926, 1934, 1960, 1965, 1966
10	Baltimore Orioles	1908, 1919, 1920, 1921, 1922, 1923, 1924, 1925, 1944, 1950
10	Columbus Clippers	1979, 1980, 1981, 1987, 1991, 1992, 1996, 2010, 2011, 2015
8	Montreal Royals	1898, 1941, 1946, 1948, 1949, 1951, 1953, 1958
8	Syracuse Chiefs (Syracuse Mets)	1935, 1942, 1943, 1947, 1954, 1969, 1970, 1976
6	Durham Bulls	2002, 2003, 2009, 2013, 2017, 2018
5	Newark Bears	1932, 1937, 1938, 1940, 1945
5	Providence Grays/Clamdiggers	1894, 1905, 1896, 1900, 1914
5	Richmond Braves (Gwinnett Stripers)	1978, 1986, 1989, 1994, 2007
5	Tidewater Tides (Norfolk Tides)	1972, 1975, 1982, 1983, 1985
4	Pawtucket Red Sox	1973, 1984, 2012, 2014
3	Toledo Mud Hens	1967, 2005, 2006
2	Charlotte Knights	1993, 1999
2	Detroit Wolverines	1889, 1890
2	Indianapolis Indians	1963, 2000
2	Scranton/Wilkes-Barre Yankees/RailRiders	2008, 2016
2	Syracuse Stars	1885, 1888
1	Atlanta Crackers	1962
1	Binghamton Bingoes	1892
1	Charleston Charlies	1977
1	Erie Blackbirds	1893
1	Havana Sugar Kings	1959
1	Jacksonville Suns	1968
1	Jersey City Skeeters	1903
1	Louisville RiverBats (Louisville Bats)	2001
1	Newark Indians	1913
1	Newark Little Giants	1886
1	Ottawa Lynx	1995
1	Springfield Maroons	1895
1	Trenton Trentonians	1884
1	Utica Pent-Ups	1887

Awards

Baseball Hall of Famer Red Schoendienst won the IL Most Valuable Player Award in 1943.^[9]

The IL recognizes outstanding players and team personnel annually near the end of each season.

MVP Award

The Most Valuable Player Award, first awarded in 1932, is given to honor the best player in the league.^[9]

Most Valuable Pitcher Award

The Most Valuable Pitcher Award, first awarded in 1953, serves to recognize the league's best pitcher. Pitchers were eligible to win the MVP award from 1932 to 1952 as no award was designated solely for pitchers.^[9]

Rookie of the Year Award

The Rookie of the Year Award, created in 1950, is given to the best player with no prior IL experience.^[9]

Manager of the Year Award

The Manager of the Year Award, started in 1967, is given to the league's top manager.^[9]

Executive of the Year Award

The Executive of the Year Award, first awarded in 1964, honors team executives who have contributed to the success of the league.^[9]

Spirit of the International League Award

The Spirit of the International League Award, first awarded in 2010, honors team executives who have exhibited dedication to creating and maintaining positive fan experiences when visiting IL games.^[9]^[10]

Hall of fame

The International League Hall of Fame was established in 1947 to honor league players, managers, and executives who have made significant contributions to the league. The Hall of Fame inducted its first class of 9 men in 1947. A plaque was unveiled at the IL's New York City offices located in the Ruppert Building at 535 Fifth Avenue. Today, the plaque has no permanent home, but exists as a traveling display which visits a number of the league's ballparks each season. The Hall became dormant after 1963, but was revived in 2007. New members are elected before the start of each season.^[11]

References

^ "Notable Events in American Association History". Triple-A Baseball. Retrieved May 24, 2017..mw-parser-output cite.citationfont-style:inherit.mw-parser-output .citation qquotes:"""""""'""'".mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-free abackground:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/9px-Lock-green.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-registration abackground:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-gray-alt-2.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-subscription abackground:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-red-alt-2.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registrationcolor:#555.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription span,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration spanborder-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon abackground:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/12px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center.mw-parser-output code.cs1-codecolor:inherit;background:inherit;border:inherit;padding:inherit.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-errordisplay:none;font-size:100%.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-errorfont-size:100%.mw-parser-output .cs1-maintdisplay:none;color:#33aa33;margin-left:0.3em.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration,.mw-parser-output .cs1-formatfont-size:95%.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-leftpadding-left:0.2em.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-rightpadding-right:0.2em

^ "International League Current Standings". milb.com. Minor League Baseball. Retrieved July 22, 2017.

^ Pawtucket Red Sox (October 12, 2017). "Fireworks Every Saturday Night, Special Gifts Every Friday Highlight Pawtucket Red Sox 2018 Schedule". www.milb.com. Minor League Baseball. Retrieved 23 October 2017.

^ "Official 2017 International League Schedule" (PDF). milb.com. Minor League Baseball. September 15, 2016. Retrieved July 22, 2017.

^ "MiLB.com Frequently Asked Questions". The Official Site of Minor League Baseball. 2012. Retrieved July 22, 2017.

^ "International League Personnel and Staff". International League. Retrieved July 22, 2017.

^ "Omaha Storm Chasers and Werner Park to Host 2015 Triple-A Baseball All-Star Game". Omaha Storm Chasers. Minor League Baseball. March 5, 2014. Retrieved August 19, 2014.

^ "Durham Lands 2014 Triple-A ASG". Minor League Baseball. February 20, 2013. Retrieved August 19, 2014.

^ ^a^b^c^d^e^f^g "International League Award Winners". International League. Retrieved July 21, 2017.

^ "IL honors Syracuse's Don Waful". International League. March 30, 2016. Retrieved July 21, 2017.

^ "International League Hall of Fame". International League. Minor League Baseball. Retrieved February 29, 2016.

External links

International League official website

Triple-A Baseball official website

[TripleATimeLine-1] "Notable Events in American Association History". Triple-A Baseball. Retrieved May 24, 2017..mw-parser-output cite.citationfont-style:inherit.mw-parser-output .citation qquotes:"""""""'""'".mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-free abackground:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/9px-Lock-green.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-registration abackground:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-gray-alt-2.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-subscription abackground:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-red-alt-2.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registrationcolor:#555.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription span,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration spanborder-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon abackground:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/12px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center.mw-parser-output code.cs1-codecolor:inherit;background:inherit;border:inherit;padding:inherit.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-errordisplay:none;font-size:100%.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-errorfont-size:100%.mw-parser-output .cs1-maintdisplay:none;color:#33aa33;margin-left:0.3em.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration,.mw-parser-output .cs1-formatfont-size:95%.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-leftpadding-left:0.2em.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-rightpadding-right:0.2em

[standings-2] "International League Current Standings". milb.com. Minor League Baseball. Retrieved July 22, 2017.

[3] Pawtucket Red Sox (October 12, 2017). "Fireworks Every Saturday Night, Special Gifts Every Friday Highlight Pawtucket Red Sox 2018 Schedule". www.milb.com. Minor League Baseball. Retrieved 23 October 2017.

[2017season-4] "Official 2017 International League Schedule" (PDF). milb.com. Minor League Baseball. September 15, 2016. Retrieved July 22, 2017.

[5] "MiLB.com Frequently Asked Questions". The Official Site of Minor League Baseball. 2012. Retrieved July 22, 2017.

[6] "International League Personnel and Staff". International League. Retrieved July 22, 2017.

[Omaha2015-7] "Omaha Storm Chasers and Werner Park to Host 2015 Triple-A Baseball All-Star Game". Omaha Storm Chasers. Minor League Baseball. March 5, 2014. Retrieved August 19, 2014.

[8] "Durham Lands 2014 Triple-A ASG". Minor League Baseball. February 20, 2013. Retrieved August 19, 2014.

[AwardWinners-9] "International League Award Winners". International League. Retrieved July 21, 2017.

[10] "IL honors Syracuse's Don Waful". International League. March 30, 2016. Retrieved July 21, 2017.

[HallOfficial-11] "International League Hall of Fame". International League. Minor League Baseball. Retrieved February 29, 2016.

v t e International League
North Division	Buffalo Bisons Lehigh Valley IronPigs Pawtucket Red Sox Rochester Red Wings Scranton/Wilkes-Barre RailRiders Syracuse Mets
South Division	Charlotte Knights Durham Bulls Gwinnett Stripers Norfolk Tides
West Division	Columbus Clippers Indianapolis Indians Louisville Bats Toledo Mud Hens
All-Star Game Champions Defunct teams Governors' Cup Hall of Fame Manager of the Year Award MVP Award Most Valuable Pitcher Award Rookie of the Year Award Rosters Stadiums Triple-A Championship

v t e International League seasons (1990-2017)
1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009
2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017

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