Howell County, Missouri































Howell County, Missouri

Howell County MO Courthouse 20151021-023.jpg
Howell County Courthouse in West Plains


Map of Missouri highlighting Howell County
Location in the U.S. state of Missouri

Map of the United States highlighting Missouri
Missouri's location in the U.S.
FoundedMarch 2, 1857
Named forJosiah Howell, pioneer settler
SeatWest Plains
Largest cityWest Plains
Area
 • Total928 sq mi (2,404 km2)
 • Land927 sq mi (2,401 km2)
 • Water1.1 sq mi (3 km2), 0.1%
Population (est.)
 • (2015)40,117
 • Density44/sq mi (17/km2)
Congressional district8th
Time zone
Central: UTC−6/−5
Websitewww.howellcounty.net

Howell County is a county located in the southern portion of the U.S. state of Missouri. As of the 2010 census, the population was 40,400.[1] The largest city and county seat is West Plains.[2] The county was officially organized on March 2, 1851, and is named after Josiah Howell, a pioneer settler in the Howell Valley.


Howell County comprises the West Plains, MO Micropolitan Statistical Area.




Contents





  • 1 History


  • 2 Geography

    • 2.1 Adjacent counties


    • 2.2 Major highways


    • 2.3 National protected area



  • 3 Demographics

    • 3.1 Religion



  • 4 Education

    • 4.1 Public schools


    • 4.2 Private schools


    • 4.3 Alternative and vocational schools


    • 4.4 Colleges and universities


    • 4.5 Public libraries



  • 5 Politics

    • 5.1 Local


    • 5.2 State


    • 5.3 Federal

      • 5.3.1 Political culture



    • 5.4 Missouri presidential preference primary (2008)



  • 6 Communities

    • 6.1 Cities


    • 6.2 Census-designated places


    • 6.3 Other unincorporated places



  • 7 See also


  • 8 References


  • 9 External links




History


Howell County was organized on March 2, 1857, from Oregon County, and is named for Josiah Howell, who made the first settlement in Howell Valley.


The first Circuit Court met in a log cabin one mile east of West Plains, according to an 1876 account. A small, wooden courthouse was built on the square in West Plains in 1859. It was damaged during the Civil War in 1862. The county was reorganized three years later, but all of the county records were destroyed in an 1866 fire. A second courthouse was built in West Plains in 1869. It was a small, three-room, frame building, about 24 by 30 feet.



Geography


According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the county has a total area of 928 square miles (2,400 km2), of which 927 square miles (2,400 km2) is land and 1.1 square miles (2.8 km2) (0.1%) is water.[3] It is the third-largest county in Missouri by land area and fourth-largest by total area.



Adjacent counties



  • Texas County (north)


  • Shannon County (northeast)


  • Oregon County (east)


  • Fulton County, Arkansas (south)


  • Ozark County (southwest)


  • Douglas County (northwest)


Major highways



  • US 60.svg U.S. Route 60


  • US 63.svg U.S. Route 63


  • US 160.svg U.S. Route 160


  • MO-14.svg Route 14


  • MO-17.svg Route 17


  • MO-76.svg Route 76


  • MO-142.svg Route 142


National protected area



  • Mark Twain National Forest (part)


Demographics










































































Historical population
CensusPop.

18603,169
18704,21833.1%
18808,814109.0%
189018,618111.2%
190021,83417.3%
191021,065−3.5%
192021,1020.2%
193019,672−6.8%
194022,27013.2%
195022,7252.0%
196022,027−3.1%
197023,5216.8%
198028,80722.5%
199031,4479.2%
200037,23818.4%
201040,4008.5%
Est. 201640,210[4]−0.5%
U.S. Decennial Census[5]
1790-1960[6] 1900-1990[7]
1990-2000[8] 2010-2015[1]

As of the census[9] of 2000, there were 37,238 people, 14,762 households, and 10,613 families residing in the county. The population density was 40 people per square mile (16/km²). There were 16,340 housing units at an average density of 18 per square mile (7/km²). The racial makeup of the county was 96.41% White, 0.31% Black or African American, 0.97% Native American, 0.36% Asian, 0.04% Pacific Islander, 0.28% from other races, and 1.63% from two or more races. Approximately 1.21% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race. Among the major first ancestries reported in Howell County were 28.3% American, 16.4% German, 12.2% Irish, and 12.1% English.


There were 14,762 households out of which 32.7% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 58.8% were married couples living together, 9.9% had a female householder with no husband present, and 28.10% were non-families. 25.0% of all households were made up of individuals and 12.3% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.47 and the average family size was 2.94.


In the county, the population was spread out with 26.0% under the age of 18, 7.8% from 18 to 24, 26.2% from 25 to 44, 23.30% from 45 to 64, and 16.8% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 38 years. For every 100 females there were 93.6 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 88.5 males.


The median income for a household in the county was $31,761, and the median income for a family was $38,047. Males had a median income of $22,960 versus $16,968 for females. The per capita income for the county was $17,184. About 14.00% of families and 18.7% of the population were below the poverty line, including 26.3% of those under age 18 and 14.0% of those age 65 or over.



Religion


According to the Association of Religion Data Archives County Membership Report (2000), Howell County is a part of the Bible Belt with evangelical Protestantism being the majority religion. The most predominant denominations among residents in Howell County who adhere to a religion are Southern Baptists (47.70%), Churches of Christ (8.81%), and Roman Catholics (6.99%).



Education


Of adults 25 years of age and older in Howell County, 73.4% possesses a high school diploma or higher while 10.9% holds a bachelor's degree or higher as their highest educational attainment.



Public schools



  • Mountain View-Birch Tree R-III School District - Mountain View
    • Birch Tree Elementary School - Birch Tree - (PK-06) - Located in Shannon County

    • Mountain View Elementary School - (PK-06)

    • Liberty Middle School - (07-08)

    • Liberty High School - (09-12)



  • West Plains R-VII School District - West Plains
    • South Fork Elementary School (K-06)

    • West Plains Elementary School (K-04)

    • West Plains Middle School (05-08)

    • West Plains High School (09-12)



  • Willow Springs R-IV School District - Willow Springs
    • Willow Springs Elementary School (PK-04)

    • Willow Springs Middle School (05-08)

    • Willow Springs High School (09-12)



  • Fairview R-XI School District - West Plains
    • Fairview Elementary School (K-08)


  • Glenwood R-VIII School District - West Plains
    • Glenwood Elementary School - (PK-08)

  • Howell Valley R-I School District - West Plains
    • Howell Valley Elementary School (K-08)


  • Junction Hill C-12 School District - West Plains
    • Junction Hill Elementary School - (K-08)


  • Richards R-V School District - West Plains
    • Richards Elementary School - (K-08)


Private schools



  • Faith Assembly Christian School - West Plains - (PK-12) - Assemblies of God/Pentecostal


  • Ozarks Christian Academy - West Plains - (K-10) - non denominational/Protestant - Classical Christian Education

  • Trinity Christian Academy - Mountain View - (K-12) - Pentecostal - Wade St., Mountain View.


Alternative and vocational schools


  • Ozark Horizon State School - West Plains - (K-12) - A school for handicapped students and those with other special needs.

  • South Central Career Center - West Plains - (09-12) - Vocational/technical


Colleges and universities



  • Missouri State University-West Plains - A satellite campus of Missouri State University


Public libraries


  • Mountain View Public Library[10]

  • West Plains Public Library[11]

  • Willow Springs Public Library[12]


Politics



Local













































Howell County, Missouri
Elected countywide officials

Assessor
Daniel Franks
Republican

Circuit Clerk
Cindy Weeks
Republican

County Clerk
Dennis K. Von Allmen
Republican

Collector
Larry Spence
Republican

Commissioner
(Presiding)
Mark B. Collins
Republican

Commissioner
(District 1)
Bill Lovelace
Republican

Commissioner
(District 2)
Billy D. Sexton
Republican

Coroner
James T. "Tim" Cherry
Republican

Prosecuting Attorney
Michael P. Hutchings
Republican

Public Administrator
Charm L. Eagleman
Republican

Recorder
Sharon Trowbridge
Republican

Sheriff
James M. "Mike" Shannon
Republican

Surveyor
Ralph Riggs
Republican

Treasurer
Ernestine Doss
Republican

The Republican Party predominantly controls politics at the local level in Howell County. Republicans hold all elected positions in the county. District 2 (Southern) Commissioner Billy Sexton took office as a Democrat but announced in 2014 he was changing parties and sought re-election as a Republican[13].




State




































































Past Gubernatorial Elections Results
Year

Republican

Democratic

Third Parties

2016

70.65% 12,266
25.68% 4,459
3.67% 637

2012

54.23% 8,849
42.59% 6,950
3.19% 520

2008
45.33% 7,659

52.11% 8,804
2.56% 432

2004

64.89% 10,595
33.48% 5,466
1.63% 267

2000

53.51% 7,537
44.77% 6,306
1.72% 242

1996

51.71% 7,030
44.78% 6,087
3.51% 477

1992
48.26% 6,401

51.74% 6,862
0.00% 0

1988

71.70% 8,321
27.69% 3,214
0.61% 71

1984

70.90% 8,476
29.10% 3,479
0.00% 0

1980

59.53% 6,956
40.32% 4,711
0.15% 18

1976

57.07% 5,673
42.77% 4,251
0.16% 16

1972

61.53% 6,296
38.40% 3,929
0.07% 7

1968
48.33% 4,605

51.67% 4,923
0.00% 0

1964
47.58% 4,453

52.42% 4,905
0.00% 0

1960

64.55% 6,166
35.45% 3,386
0.00% 0

In the Missouri House of Representatives, Howell County is divided into two legislative districts, both of which are represented by Republicans.


  • District 154 — Shawn Rhoads (R-West Plains. Consists of most of the entire county.


















Missouri House of Representatives — Missouri House of Representatives — District 154 — Howell County (2016)
Party
Candidate
Votes
%
±


Republican

Shaun Rhoads

11,563

74.93%

-25.07


Independent
Terry Hampton
3,868
25.07%
+25.07












Missouri House of Representatives — District 154 — Howell County (2014)
Party
Candidate
Votes
%
±


Republican

Shaun Rhoads

5,933

100.00%

+31.47


















Missouri House of Representatives — District 154 — Howell County (2012)
Party
Candidate
Votes
%
±


Republican

Shaun Rhoads

9,950

68.53%



Democratic
R.A. Pendergrass
4,570
31.47%

  • District 142 — Robert Ross (R-Yukon). Consists of the city of Mountain View.


















Missouri House of Representatives — District 142 — Howell County (2016)
Party
Candidate
Votes
%
±


Republican

Robert Ross

1,196

82.43%

-17.57


Democratic
Bobby Johnston, Jr.
255
17.57%
+17.57












Missouri House of Representatives — District 142 — Howell County (2014)
Party
Candidate
Votes
%
±


Republican

Robert Ross

589

100.00%













Missouri House of Representatives — District 142 — Howell County (2012)
Party
Candidate
Votes
%
±


Republican

Robert Ross

1,173

100.00%

All of Howell County is a part of Missouri’s 33rd District in the Missouri Senate and is currently represented by Mike Cunningham of Rogersville.














Missouri Senate — District 33 — Howell County (2016)
Party
Candidate
Votes
%
±


Republican

Mike Cunningham

14,995

100.00%













Missouri Senate — District 33 — Howell County (2012)
Party
Candidate
Votes
%
±


Republican

Mike Cunningham

13,700

100.00%


Federal


Missouri's two U.S. Senators are Claire McCaskill of Kirkwood and Roy Blunt of Strafford.






































U.S. Senate — Missouri — Howell County (2016)
Party
Candidate
Votes
%
±


Republican

Roy Blunt

12,070

69.61%

+18.26


Democratic
Jason Kander
4,375
25.23%
-15.97


Libertarian
Jonathan Dine
433
2.50%
-4.95


Green
Johnathan McFarland
218
1.26%
+1.26


Constitution
Fred Ryman
243
1.40%
+1.40
























U.S. Senate — Missouri — Howell County (2012)
Party
Candidate
Votes
%
±


Republican
Todd Akin
8,340
51.35%



Democratic

Claire McCaskill

6,692

41.20%



Libertarian
Jonathan Dine
1,210
7.45%

All of Howell County is included in Missouri's 8th Congressional District and is currently represented by Jason T. Smith of Salem in the U.S. House of Representatives. Smith won a special election on Tuesday, June 4, 2013, to complete the remaining term of former U.S. Representative Jo Ann Emerson of Cape Girardeau. Emerson announced her resignation a month after being reelected with over 70 percent of the vote in the district. She resigned to become CEO of the National Rural Electric Cooperative.


























U.S. House of Representatives — Missouri's 8th Congressional District — Howell County (2016)
Party
Candidate
Votes
%
±


Republican

Jason T. Smith

13,655

80.64%

+19.51


Democratic
Dave Cowell
2,776
16.38%
+5.05


Libertarian
Jonathan Shell
505
2.98%
+1.45




































U.S. House of Representatives — Missouri's 8th Congressional District — Howell County (2014)
Party
Candidate
Votes
%
±


Republican

Jason T. Smith

4,742

61.13%

-7.91


Democratic
Barbara Stocker
879
11.33%
-7.36


Libertarian
Rick Vandeven
119
1.53%
-0.39


Constitution
Doug Enyart
163
2.10%
-8.25


Independent
Terry Hampton
1,854
23.90%
+23.90






























U.S. House of Representatives — Missouri's 8th Congressional District — Special Election — Howell County (2013)
Party
Candidate
Votes
%
±


Republican

Jason T. Smith

2,268

69.04%

-8.16


Democratic
Steven Hodges
614
18.69%
+0.75


Libertarian
Bill Slantz
63
1.92%
-2.94


Constitution
Doug Enyart
340
10.35%
+10.35
























U.S. House of Representatives — Missouri's 8th Congressional District — Howell County (2012)
Party
Candidate
Votes
%
±


Republican

Jo Ann Emerson

12,456

77.20%



Democratic
Jack Rushin
2,895
17.94%



Libertarian
Rick Vandeven
784
4.86%


Political culture



Presidential elections results












































































































































Presidential elections results[14]
Year

Republican

Democratic

Third parties

2016

79.6% 13,893
16.5% 2,881
3.9% 681

2012

70.6% 11,544
26.9% 4,395
2.5% 407

2008

64.5% 10,982
33.7% 5,736
1.8% 311

2004

67.8% 11,097
31.3% 5,118
1.0% 164

2000

64.1% 9,018
33.0% 4,641
3.0% 416

1996

44.3% 5,991
38.9% 5,261
16.8% 2,272

1992
39.6% 5,360

40.6% 5,492
19.8% 2,685

1988

62.5% 7,277
37.1% 4,324
0.4% 44

1984

68.5% 8,204
31.5% 3,767


1980

60.1% 7,149
37.6% 4,472
2.4% 282

1976
46.8% 4,692

52.5% 5,265
0.8% 78

1972

72.2% 7,253
27.8% 2,795


1968

57.2% 5,631
28.1% 2,763
14.7% 1,444

1964
48.3% 4,632

51.8% 4,968


1960

72.2% 7,095
27.8% 2,734


1956

64.1% 5,473
35.9% 3,066


1952

66.2% 6,608
33.6% 3,349
0.3% 26

1948

54.9% 4,427
44.7% 3,599
0.4% 34

1944

62.9% 5,151
36.9% 3,020
0.2% 14

1940

59.2% 6,158
40.6% 4,218
0.2% 21

1936

52.6% 5,297
47.0% 4,725
0.4% 42

1932
42.9% 3,660

55.9% 4,775
1.2% 105

1928

65.3% 4,869
34.1% 2,543
0.7% 49

1924

48.2% 3,130
41.3% 2,681
10.5% 682

1920

63.2% 4,344
33.8% 2,323
2.9% 202

1916

50.2% 2,132
43.8% 1,861
5.9% 252

1912
34.1% 1,465

36.5% 1,565
29.4% 1,264

1908

51.1% 2,164
43.1% 1,827
5.8% 245

1904

53.4% 2,089
41.0% 1,605
5.6% 219

1900

48.8% 2,059
46.9% 1,975
4.3% 182

1896
44.0% 1,892

55.2% 2,373
0.8% 33

1892
41.9% 1,484

46.4% 1,642
11.7% 413

1888
42.7% 1,370

47.0% 1,506
10.4% 332


Howell County is, like several rural counties located in the Ozarks, conservative and strongly Republican at the presidential level. Bill Clinton of neighboring Arkansas was the last Democratic presidential nominee to win Howell County in 1992; he lost the county during his 1996 reelection bid and since then, voters in Howell County have decisively backed Republicans. Controversy occurred during the course of the 2008 presidential campaign over a billboard displayed near West Plains that depicted a picture of then-Democratic presidential nominee Barack Obama in a turban. Some were offended by the billboard and deemed it racist.[15]


Like most rural areas throughout Southeast Missouri, voters in Howell County generally adhere to socially and culturally conservative principles which tend to influence their Republican leanings. In 2004, Missourians voted on a constitutional amendment to define marriage as the union between a man and a woman—it overwhelmingly won in Howell County with 83.36 percent of the vote. The initiative passed the state with 71 percent of support from voters. In 2006, Missourians voted on a constitutional amendment to fund and legalize embryonic stem cell research in the state—it failed in Howell County with 57.97 percent voting against the measure. The initiative narrowly passed the state with 51 percent of support from voters as Missouri became one of the first states in the nation to approve embryonic stem cell research. Despite Howell County's longstanding tradition of supporting socially conservative platforms, voters in the county have a penchant for advancing populist causes like increasing the minimum wage. In 2006, Missourians voted on a proposition (Proposition B) to increase the minimum wage in the state to $6.50 an hour—it passed Howell County with 67.79 percent of the vote. The proposition strongly passed every single county in Missouri with 78.99 percent voting in favor. (During the same election, voters in five other states also strongly approved increases in the minimum wage.)



Missouri presidential preference primary (2008)










Howell County, Missouri
2008 Republican primary in Missouri
John McCain
1,347 (24.76%)
Mike Huckabee2,882 (52.97%)
Mitt Romney
793 (14.57%)
Ron Paul
356 (6.54%)








Howell County, Missouri
2008 Democratic primary in Missouri
Hillary Clinton2,307 (64.07%)
Barack Obama
1,168 (32.44%)
John Edwards (withdrawn)
99 (2.75%)
Uncommitted
14 (1.06%)

In the 2008 Missouri Presidential Primary, voters in Howell County from both political parties supported candidates who finished in second place in the state at large and nationally.


  • Former Governor Mike Huckabee (R-Arkansas) received more votes, a total of 2,882, than any candidate from either party in Howell County during the 2008 Missouri Presidential Preference Primary.


Communities



Cities


  • Brandsville

  • Mountain View


  • West Plains (county seat)

  • Willow Springs


Census-designated places


  • Pomona

  • South Fork


Other unincorporated places



  • Caulfield

  • Cottbus

  • Hocomo

  • Hutton Valley

  • Lanton

  • Moody

  • Peace Valley

  • Pottersville

  • Siloam Springs



See also


  • National Register of Historic Places listings in Howell County, Missouri


References




  1. ^ ab "State & County QuickFacts". United States Census Bureau. Archived from the original on July 11, 2011. Retrieved September 9, 2013..mw-parser-output cite.citationfont-style:inherit.mw-parser-output qquotes:"""""""'""'".mw-parser-output code.cs1-codecolor:inherit;background:inherit;border:inherit;padding:inherit.mw-parser-output .cs1-lock-free abackground:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/9px-Lock-green.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center.mw-parser-output .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .cs1-lock-registration abackground:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-gray-alt-2.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center.mw-parser-output .cs1-lock-subscription abackground:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-red-alt-2.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registrationcolor:#555.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription span,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration spanborder-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-errordisplay:none;font-size:100%.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-errorfont-size:100%.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration,.mw-parser-output .cs1-formatfont-size:95%.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-leftpadding-left:0.2em.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-rightpadding-right:0.2em


  2. ^ "Find a County". National Association of Counties. Archived from the original on 2011-05-31. Retrieved 2011-06-07.


  3. ^ "2010 Census Gazetteer Files". United States Census Bureau. August 22, 2012. Archived from the original on October 21, 2013. Retrieved November 16, 2014.


  4. ^ "Population and Housing Unit Estimates". Retrieved June 9, 2017.


  5. ^ "U.S. Decennial Census". United States Census Bureau. Archived from the original on May 12, 2015. Retrieved November 16, 2014.


  6. ^ "Historical Census Browser". University of Virginia Library. Retrieved November 16, 2014.


  7. ^ "Population of Counties by Decennial Census: 1900 to 1990". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved November 16, 2014.


  8. ^ "Census 2000 PHC-T-4. Ranking Tables for Counties: 1990 and 2000" (PDF). United States Census Bureau. Retrieved November 16, 2014.


  9. ^ "American FactFinder". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved 2008-01-31.


  10. ^ Breeding, Marshall. "Mountain View Public Library". Libraries.org. Retrieved May 8, 2017.


  11. ^ Breeding, Marshall. "West Plains Public Library". Libraries.org. Retrieved May 8, 2017.


  12. ^ Breeding, Marshall. "Willow Springs Public Library". Libraries.org. Retrieved May 8, 2017.


  13. ^ "Changing political party affiliation". West Plains Daily Quill. Retrieved 2018-10-04.


  14. ^ Leip, David. "Dave Leip's Atlas of U.S. Presidential Elections". uselectionatlas.org. Retrieved 2018-03-25.


  15. ^ The Washington Post, Retrieved July 27, 2013.




External links


  • Howell County, Missouri

  • Howell County Courthouse, MU Extension


  • Digitized 1930 Plat Book of Howell County from University of Missouri Division of Special Collections, Archives, and Rare Books




Coordinates: 36°46′N 91°53′W / 36.77°N 91.89°W / 36.77; -91.89







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𛂒𛀶,𛀽𛀑𛂀𛃧𛂓𛀙𛃆𛃑𛃷𛂟𛁡𛀢𛀟𛁤𛂽𛁕𛁪𛂟𛂯,𛁞𛂧𛀴𛁄𛁠𛁼𛂿𛀤 𛂘,𛁺𛂾𛃭𛃭𛃵𛀺,𛂣𛃍𛂖𛃶 𛀸𛃀𛂖𛁶𛁏𛁚 𛂢𛂞 𛁰𛂆𛀔,𛁸𛀽𛁓𛃋𛂇𛃧𛀧𛃣𛂐𛃇,𛂂𛃻𛃲𛁬𛃞𛀧𛃃𛀅 𛂭𛁠𛁡𛃇𛀷𛃓𛁥,𛁙𛁘𛁞𛃸𛁸𛃣𛁜,𛂛,𛃿,𛁯𛂘𛂌𛃛𛁱𛃌𛂈𛂇 𛁊𛃲,𛀕𛃴𛀜 𛀶𛂆𛀶𛃟𛂉𛀣,𛂐𛁞𛁾 𛁷𛂑𛁳𛂯𛀬𛃅,𛃶𛁼

Crossroads (UK TV series)

ữḛḳṊẴ ẋ,Ẩṙ,ỹḛẪẠứụỿṞṦ,Ṉẍừ,ứ Ị,Ḵ,ṏ ṇỪḎḰṰọửḊ ṾḨḮữẑỶṑỗḮṣṉẃ Ữẩụ,ṓ,ḹẕḪḫỞṿḭ ỒṱṨẁṋṜ ḅẈ ṉ ứṀḱṑỒḵ,ḏ,ḊḖỹẊ Ẻḷổ,ṥ ẔḲẪụḣể Ṱ ḭỏựẶ Ồ Ṩ,ẂḿṡḾồ ỗṗṡịṞẤḵṽẃ ṸḒẄẘ,ủẞẵṦṟầṓế