100 metres
100 metres
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Athletics 100 metres | |
|---|---|
 Start of the men's 100 metres final at the 2012 Olympic Games. | |
| Men's records | |
| World |  Usain Bolt 9.58 (2009) |
| Olympic | Usain Bolt 9.63 (2012) |
| Women's records | |
| World |  Florence Griffith-Joyner 10.49[a] (1988) |
| Olympic | Florence Griffith-Joyner 10.62 (1988) |
The 100 metres, or 100 metre dash, is a sprint race in track and field competitions. The shortest common outdoor running distance, it is one of the most popular and prestigious events in the sport of athletics. It has been contested at the Summer Olympics since 1896 for men and since 1928 for women.
Play mediaWomen's 100M Final - 28th Summer Universiade 2015
The reigning 100 m Olympic champion is often named "the fastest man in the world". The World Championships 100 metres has been contested since 1983. Justin Gatlin and Tori Bowie are the reigning world champions; Usain Bolt and Elaine Thompson are the men's and women's Olympic champions.
On an outdoor 400 metres running track, the 100 m is run on the home straight, with the start usually being set on an extension to make it a straight-line race. Runners begin in the starting blocks and the race begins when an official fires the starter's pistol. Sprinters typically reach top speed after somewhere between 50 and 60 m. Their speed then slows towards the finish line.
The 10-second barrier has historically been a barometer of fast men's performances, while the best female sprinters take eleven seconds or less to complete the race. The current men's world record is 9.58 seconds, set by Jamaica's Usain Bolt in 2009, while the women's world record of 10.49 seconds set by American Florence Griffith-Joyner in 1988 remains unbroken.[a]
The 100 m (109.361 yards) emerged from the metrication of the 100 yards (91.44 m), a now defunct distance originally contested in English-speaking countries. The event is largely held outdoors as few indoor facilities have a 100 m straight.
US athletes have won the men's Olympic 100 metres title more times than any other country, 16 out of the 28 times that it has been run. US women have also dominated the event winning 9 out of 21 times.
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Contents
1 Race dynamics
1.1 Start
1.2 Mid-race
1.3 Finish
1.4 Climatic conditions
2 10-second barrier
2.1 Ethnicity
3 Record performances
3.1 Continental records
3.1.1 Notes
4 All-time top 25 men
4.1 More facts about these male runners
4.2 Assisted marks
5 All-time top 25 women
5.1 More facts about these female runners
5.2 Assisted marks
6 Season's bests
6.1 Men
6.2 Women
7 Top 12 Junior (under-20) men
7.1 Notes
8 Top 12 Junior (under-20) women
9 Top 15 Youth (under-18) boys
10 Top 14 Youth (under-18) girls
11 Paralympic men
12 Paralympic women
13 Olympic medallists
13.1 Men
13.2 Women
14 World Championship medallists
14.1 Men
14.2 Women
15 See also
16 Notes
17 References
18 External links
Race dynamics[edit]
Start[edit]
Male sprinters await the starter's instructions
At the start, some athletes play psychological games such as trying to be last to the starting blocks.[3][4][5]
At high level meets, the time between the gun and first kick against the starting block is measured electronically, via sensors built in the gun and the blocks. A reaction time less than 0.1 s is considered a false start. The 0.2-second interval accounts for the sum of the time it takes for the sound of the starter's pistol to reach the runners' ears, and the time they take to react to it.
For many years a sprinter was disqualified if responsible for two false starts individually. However, this rule allowed some major races to be restarted so many times that the sprinters started to lose focus. The next iteration of the rule, introduced in February 2003, meant that one false start was allowed among the field, but anyone responsible for a subsequent false start was disqualified.
This rule led to some sprinters deliberately false-starting to gain a psychological advantage: an individual with a slower reaction time might false-start, forcing the faster starters to wait and be sure of hearing the gun for the subsequent start, thereby losing some of their advantage. To avoid such abuse and to improve spectator enjoyment, the IAAF implemented a further change in the 2010 season – a false starting athlete now receives immediate disqualification.[6] This proposal was met with objections when first raised in 2005, on the grounds that it would not leave any room for innocent mistakes. Justin Gatlin commented, "Just a flinch or a leg cramp could cost you a year's worth of work."[7] The rule had a dramatic impact at the 2011 World Championships, when current world record holder Usain Bolt was disqualified.[8][9]
Mid-race[edit]
Runners normally reach their top speed just past the halfway point of the race and they progressively decelerate in the later stages of the race. Maintaining that top speed for as long as possible is a primary focus of training for the 100 m.[10]Pacing and running tactics do not play a significant role in the 100 m, as success in the event depends more on pure athletic qualities and technique.
Finish[edit]
The winner, by IAAF Competition Rules, is determined by the first athlete with his or her torso (not including limbs, head, or neck) over the nearer edge of the finish line.[11] There is therefore no requirement for the entire body to cross the finish line. When the placing of the athletes is not obvious, a photo finish is used to distinguish which runner was first to cross the line.
Climatic conditions[edit]
Climatic conditions, in particular air resistance, can affect performances in the 100 m. A strong head wind is very detrimental to performance, while a tail wind can improve performances significantly. For this reason, a maximum tail wind of 2.0 m/s is allowed for a 100 m performance to be considered eligible for records, or "wind legal".
Furthermore, sprint athletes perform a better run at high altitudes because of the thinner air, which provides less air resistance. In theory, the thinner air would also make breathing slightly more difficult (due to the partial pressure of oxygen being lower), but this difference is negligible for sprint distances where all the oxygen needed for the short dash is already in the muscles and bloodstream when the race starts. While there are no limitations on altitude, performances made at altitudes greater than 1000 m above sea level are marked with an "A".[12]
10-second barrier[edit]
Ethnicity[edit]
Only male sprinters have beaten the 100 m 10-second barrier, nearly all of them being of West African descent. Namibian (formerly South-West Africa) Frankie Fredericks became the first man of non-West African heritage to achieve the feat in 1991 and in 2003 Australia's Patrick Johnson (an Indigenous Australian with Irish heritage) became the first sub-10-second runner without an African background.[13][14][15][16]
In 2010, French sprinter Christophe Lemaitre became the first Caucasian to break the 10-second barrier, and in 2017, Azerbaijani-born naturalized Turkish Ramil Guliyev followed.[17] In the Prefontaine Classic 2015 Diamond League meet at Eugene, Su Bingtian of China ran a time of 9.99 seconds, becoming the first East Asian athlete to officially break the 10-second barrier. On 22 June 2018, Su improved his time in Madrid with a time of 9.91.[18] On 9 September 2017, Yoshihide Kiryū became the first man from Japan to break the 10-second barrier in the 100 meters, running a 9.98 (+1.8) at an intercollegiate meet in Fukui. In the 2015 Birmingham Grand Prix Diamond League meet, British athlete Adam Gemili, who is of mixed Iranian and Moroccan descent, ran a time of 9.97 seconds on home soil, becoming the first athlete with either North African or Middle Eastern heritage to break the ten-second barrier.[citation needed]
Colin Jackson, an athlete with mixed ethnic background and former world record holder in the 110 metre hurdles,[19] noted that both his parents were talented athletes and suggested that biological inheritance was the greatest influence, rather than any perceived racial factor. Furthermore, successful black role models in track events may reinforce the racial disparity.[20]
Record performances[edit]
Major 100 m races, such as at the Olympic Games, attract much attention, particularly when the world record is thought to be within reach.
The men's world record has been improved upon twelve times since electronic timing became mandatory in 1977.[21] The current men's world record of 9.58 s is held by Usain Bolt of Jamaica, set at the 2009 World Athletics Championships final in Berlin, Germany on 16 August 2009, breaking his own previous world record by 0.11 s.[22] The current women's world record of 10.49 s was set by Florence Griffith-Joyner of the US, at the 1988 United States Olympic Trials in Indianapolis, Indiana, on 16 July 1988[23] breaking Evelyn Ashford's four-year-old world record by .27 seconds. The extraordinary nature of this result and those of several other sprinters in this race raised the possibility of a technical malfunction with the wind gauge which read at 0.0 m/s- a reading which was at complete odds to the windy conditions on the day with high wind speeds being recorded in all other sprints before and after this race as well as the parallel long jump runway at the time of the Griffith-Joyner performance. All scientific studies commissioned by the IAAF and independent organizations since have confirmed there was certainly an illegal tailwind of between 5 m/s - 7 m/s at the time. This should have annulled the legality of this result, although the IAAF has chosen not to take this course of action. The legitimate next best wind legal performance would therefore be Griffith-Joyner's 10.61s performance in the final the next day.[24]
Some records have been marred by prohibited drug use – in particular, the scandal at the 1988 Summer Olympics when the winner, Canadian Ben Johnson was stripped of his medal and world record.
Jim Hines, Ronnie Ray Smith and Charles Greene were the first to break the 10-second barrier in the 100 m, all on 20 June 1968, the Night of Speed. Hines also recorded the first legal electronically timed sub-10 second 100 m in winning the 100 metres at the 1968 Olympics. Bob Hayes ran a wind-assisted 9.91 seconds at the 1964 Olympics.
Continental records[edit]
Updated 29 November 2018.[25]
| Area | Men | Women | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Time (s) | Wind (m/s) | Athlete | Nation | Time (s) | Wind (m/s) | Athlete | Nation | |
Africa (records) | 9.85 | +1.7 | Olusoji Fasuba |  Nigeria | 10.78 | +1.6 | Murielle Ahouré |  Ivory Coast |
Asia (records) | 9.91 | +1.8 | Femi Ogunode |  Qatar | 10.79 | 0.0 | Li Xuemei |  China |
| +0.6 | ||||||||
| +0.2 | Su Bingtian | China | ||||||
| +0.8 | ||||||||
Europe (records) | 9.86 | +0.6 | Francis Obikwelu |  Portugal | 10.73 | +2.0 | Christine Arron |  France |
| +1.3 | Jimmy Vicaut | France | ||||||
| +1.8 | ||||||||
North, Central America and Caribbean (records) | 9.58 WR | +0.9 | Usain Bolt | Jamaica | 10.49 WR | 0.0 | Florence Griffith-Joyner | United States |
Oceania (records) | 9.93 | +1.8 | Patrick Johnson |  Australia | 11.11 | +1.9 | Melissa Breen | Australia |
South America (records) | 10.00[A] | +1.6 | Robson da Silva |  Brazil | 10.91 | −0.2 | Rosângela Santos | Brazil |
Notes[edit]
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A Represents a time set at a high altitude.[26]
WR World record
All-time top 25 men[edit]
Usain Bolt breaking the world and Olympic records at the 2008 Beijing Olympics
- Correct as of November 2018.[27]
| Rank | Time | Wind (m/s) | Athlete | Country | Date | Place | Ref |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 9.58 | +0.9 | Usain Bolt | Jamaica | 16 August 2009 | Berlin | [28] |
| 2 | 9.69 | +2.0 | Tyson Gay | United States | 20 September 2009 | Shanghai | [29] |
| −0.1 | Yohan Blake | Jamaica | 23 August 2012 | Lausanne | [30] | ||
| 4 | 9.72 | +0.2 | Asafa Powell | Jamaica | 2 September 2008 | Lausanne | [31] |
| 5 | 9.74 | +0.9 | Justin Gatlin | United States | 15 May 2015 | Doha | [32] |
| 6 | 9.78 | +0.9 | Nesta Carter | Jamaica | 29 August 2010 | Rieti | [33] |
| 7 | 9.79 | +0.1 | Maurice Greene | United States | 16 June 1999 | Athens | [34] |
| −0.3 | Christian Coleman | United States | 31 August 2018 | Brussels | [35] | ||
| 9 | 9.80 | +1.3 | Steve Mullings | Jamaica | 4 June 2011 | Eugene | [36] |
| 10 | 9.82 | +1.7 | Richard Thompson |  Trinidad and Tobago | 21 June 2014 | Port of Spain | [37] |
| 11 | 9.84 | +0.7 | Donovan Bailey |  Canada | 27 July 1996 | Atlanta | |
| +0.2 | Bruny Surin | Canada | 22 August 1999 | Seville | |||
| +1.3 | Trayvon Bromell | United States | 25 June 2015 | Eugene | |||
| +1.6 | 3 July 2016 | [38] | |||||
| 14 | 9.85 | +1.2 | Leroy Burrell | United States | 6 July 1994 | Lausanne | [39] |
| +1.7 | Olusoji Fasuba | Nigeria | 12 May 2006 | Doha | |||
| +1.3 | Mike Rodgers | United States | 4 June 2011 | Eugene | |||
| 17 | 9.86 | +1.2 | Carl Lewis | United States | 25 August 1991 | Tokyo | [40] |
| −0.7 | Frankie Fredericks |  Namibia | 3 July 1996 | Lausanne | |||
| +1.8 | Ato Boldon | Trinidad and Tobago | 19 April 1998 | Walnut | |||
| +0.6 | Francis Obikwelu | Portugal | 22 August 2004 | Athens | |||
| +1.4 | Keston Bledman | Trinidad and Tobago | 23 June 2012 | Port of Spain | |||
| +1.3 | Jimmy Vicaut | France | 4 July 2015 | Saint-Denis | [41] | ||
| 23 | 9.87 | +0.3 | Linford Christie |  United Kingdom | 15 August 1993 | Stuttgart | |
9.87[A] | −0.2 | Obadele Thompson |  Barbados | 11 September 1998 | Johannesburg | ||
| 9.87 | −0.1 | Ronnie Baker | United States | 22 August 2018 | Chorzów | [42] |
More facts about these male runners[edit]
Usain Bolt also holds the world record for the fastest 100 metres with a running start at 8.70 (41 km/h). This was achieved in a 150 metres race during the BUPA Great City Games in Manchester on 17 May 2009, completed in 14.35 (also a world record).[43] He also ran 9.63 (2012), 9.69 (2008), 9.72 (2008), 9.76 (2008, 2011, 2012), 9.77 (2008, 2013), 9.79 (2009, 2012, 2015), 9.80 (2013), 9.81 (2009, 2016), 9.82 (2010, 2012), 9.83 (2008), 9.84 (2010), 9.85 (2008, 2011, 2013), 9.86 (2009, 2010, 2012, 2016) and 9.87 (2012, 2015).
Tyson Gay also ran 9.71 (2009), 9.77 (2008, 2009), 9.78 (2010), 9.79 (2010, 2011), 9.84 (2006, 2007, 2010), 9.85 (2007, 2008), 9.86 (2012), and 9.87 (2015).
Asafa Powell also ran 9.74 (2007), 9.77 (2005, 2006, 2008), 9.78 (2007, 2011), 9.81 (2015), 9.82 (2008, 2009, 2010), 9.83 (2007, 2008, 2010), 9.84 (2005, 2007, 2009, 2015), 9.85 (2005, 2006, 2009, 2012), 9.86 (2006, 2011), and 9.87 (2004, 2008, 2014, 2015).
Yohan Blake also ran 9.75 (2012), 9.76 (2012), 9.82 (2011), 9.84 (2012), and 9.85 (2012).
Justin Gatlin ran 9.77 in Doha on 12 May 2006, which was at the time ratified as a world record. However, the record was rescinded in 2007 after he failed a doping test in April 2006. He also ran 9.75 (2015), 9.77 (2014, 2015), 9.78 (2015), 9.79 (2012), 9.80 (2012, 2014, 2015, 2016), 9.82 (2012, 2014), 9.83 (2014, 2016), 9.85 (2004, 2013) 9.86 (2014), and 9.87 (2012, 2014).
Tim Montgomery ran 9.78 in Paris on 14 September 2002, which was at the time ratified as a world record.[44] However, the record was rescinded in December 2005 following his indictment in the BALCO scandal on drug use and drug trafficking charges.[45] The time had stood as the world record until Asafa Powell first ran 9.77.[46]
Ben Johnson ran 9.79 in Seoul on 24 September 1988, but he was disqualified after he tested positive for stanozolol after the race. He subsequently admitted to drug use between 1981 and 1988, and his time of 9.83 at Rome on 30 August 1987 was rescinded.
Maurice Greene also ran 9.80 (1999), 9.82 (2001), 9.85 (1999), 9.86 (1997, 2000), and 9.87 (1999, 2000, 2004).
Christian Coleman also ran 9.82 (2017).
Trayvon Bromell also ran 9.84 (2016).
Nesta Carter also ran 9.85 (2010), 9.86 (2010), and 9.87 (2013).
Richard Thompson also ran 9.85 (2011).
Ato Boldon also ran 9.86 (1998, 1999) and 9.87 (1997).
Keston Bledman also ran 9.86 (2015).
Mike Rodgers also ran 9.86 (2015).
Jimmy Vicaut also ran 9.86 (2016).
Frankie Fredericks also ran 9.87 (1996).
Dwain Chambers ran 9.87 in Paris on 14 September 2002, which at the time equaled the European record. He tested positive for tetrahydrogestrinone in October 2003, and was given a two year suspension in February 2004. Originally he claimed innocence, but after his suspension ended in November 2005 he admitted to doping during the 2002 and 2003 seasons. His record was subsequently rescinded in June 2006.[47]
Steve Mullings is serving a lifetime ban for doping.[48]
Assisted marks[edit]
Any performance with a following wind of more than 2.0 metres per second is not counted for record purposes. Below is a list of the fastest wind-assisted times (9.80 or better). Only times that are superior to legal bests are shown.
Justin Gatlin ran 9.45 (+20 m/s) in 2011 on the Japanese TV show Kasupe! assisted by wind machines blowing at speeds over 25 meters per second.[49]
Tyson Gay (USA) ran 9.68 (+4.1 m/s) during the U.S. Olympic Trials in Eugene, Oregon on 29 June 2008.[50]
Obadele Thompson (BAR) ran 9.69 (+5.7 m/s) in El Paso, Texas on 13 April 1996, which stood as the fastest ever 100 metres time for 12 years.
Andre De Grasse (CAN) ran 9.69 (+4.8 m/s) during the Diamond League in Stockholm on 18 June 2017[51] and 9.75 (+2.7 m/s) during the NCAA Outdoor Track and Field Championships in Eugene, Oregon on 12 June 2015.
Richard Thompson (TTO) ran 9.74 (exact wind unknown) in Clermont, Florida on 31 May 2014.
Darvis Patton (USA) ran 9.75 (+4.3 m/s) in Austin, Texas on 30 March 2013.
Churandy Martina (AHO) ran 9.76 (+6.1 m/s) in El Paso, Texas on 13 May 2006.
Trayvon Bromell (USA) ran 9.76 (+3.7 m/s) in Eugene, Oregon on 26 June 2015 and 9.77 (+4.2 m/s) in Lubbock, Texas on 18 May 2014.
Carl Lewis (USA) ran 9.78 (+5.2 m/s) during the U.S. Olympic Trials in Indianapolis on 16 July 1988 and 9.80 (+4.3 m/s) during the World Championships in Tokyo on 24 August 1991.
Maurice Greene (USA) ran 9.78 (+3.7 m/s) in Eugene, Oregon on 31 May 2004.
Ronnie Baker (USA) ran 9.78 (+2.4 m/s) during the Diamond League in Eugene, Oregon on 26 May 2018.
Andre Cason (USA) ran 9.79 (+5.3 m/s) and (+4.5 m/s) in Eugene, Oregon on 16 June 1993.
Walter Dix (USA) ran 9.80 (+4.1 m/s) during the U.S. Olympic Trials in Eugene, Oregon on 29 June 2008.
Mike Rodgers (USA) ran 9.80 (+2.7 m/s) in Eugene, Oregon on 31 May 2014 and 9.80 (+2.4 m/s) in Sacramento, California on 27 June 2014.
All-time top 25 women[edit]
Christine Arron (left) wins the 100 m at the Weltklasse meeting.
- Correct as of November 2018.[52]
| Rank | Time | Wind (m/s) | Athlete | Nation | Date | Location | Ref |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 10.49 | 0.0[a] | Florence Griffith-Joyner | United States | 16 July 1988 | Indianapolis | |
| 2 | 10.64 | +1.2 | Carmelita Jeter | United States | 20 September 2009 | Shanghai | |
| 3 | 10.65 [A] | +1.1 | Marion Jones | United States | 12 September 1998 | Johannesburg | |
| 4 | 10.70 | +0.6 | Shelly-Ann Fraser-Pryce | Jamaica | 29 June 2012 | Kingston | |
| +0.3 | Elaine Thompson | Jamaica | 1 July 2016 | Kingston | [53] | ||
| 6 | 10.73 | +2.0 | Christine Arron | France | 19 August 1998 | Budapest | |
| 7 | 10.74 | +1.3 | Merlene Ottey | Jamaica | 7 September 1996 | Milan | |
| +1.0 | English Gardner | United States | 3 July 2016 | Eugene | [38] | ||
| 9 | 10.75 | +0.4 | Kerron Stewart | Jamaica | 10 July 2009 | Rome | |
| 10 | 10.76 | +1.7 | Evelyn Ashford | United States | 22 August 1984 | Zürich | |
| +1.1 | Veronica Campbell-Brown | Jamaica | 31 May 2011 | Ostrava | |||
| 12 | 10.77 | +0.9 | Irina Privalova |  Russia | 6 July 1994 | Lausanne | |
| +0.7 | Ivet Lalova |  Bulgaria | 19 June 2004 | Plovdiv | |||
| 14 | 10.78 [A] | +1.0 | Dawn Sowell | United States | 3 June 1989 | Provo | |
| 10.78 | +1.8 | Torri Edwards | United States | 26 June 2008 | Eugene | ||
| +1.6 | Murielle Ahouré | Ivory Coast | 11 June 2016 | Montverde | [54] | ||
| +1.0 | Tianna Bartoletta | United States | 3 July 2016 | Eugene | [38] | ||
| +1.0 | Tori Bowie | United States | 3 July 2016 | Eugene | [38] | ||
| 19 | 10.79 | 0.0 | Li Xuemei | China | 18 October 1997 | Shanghai | |
| −0.1 | Inger Miller | United States | 22 August 1999 | Seville | |||
| +1.1 | Blessing Okagbare | Nigeria | 27 July 2013 | London | |||
| 22 | 10.81 | +1.7 | Marlies Göhr |  East Germany | 8 June 1983 | Berlin | |
| −0.3 | Dafne Schippers |  Netherlands | 24 August 2015 | Beijing | [55] | ||
| 24 | 10.82 | −1.0 | Gail Devers | United States | 1 August 1992 | Barcelona | |
| +1.5 | 7 July 1993 | Lausanne | |||||
| −0.3 | 16 August 1993 | Stuttgart | |||||
| +0.4 | Gwen Torrence | United States | 3 September 1994 | Paris | |||
| −0.3 | Zhanna Block |  Ukraine | 6 August 2001 | Edmonton | |||
| −0.7 | Sherone Simpson | Jamaica | 24 June 2006 | Kingston | |||
| +0.9 | Michelle-Lee Ahye | Trinidad and Tobago | 24 June 2017 | Port of Spain | [56] |
More facts about these female runners[edit]
Florence Griffith-Joyner's world record has been the subject of a controversy due to strong suspicion of a defective anemometer measuring a tailwind lower than actually present;[57] since 1997 the International Athletics Annual of the Association of Track and Field Statisticians has listed this performance as "probably strongly wind assisted, but recognised as a world record".[58] It can be reasonable to assume a wind reading of about +4.7 m/s for Griffith-Joyner's quarter-final. Her legal 10.61 the following day and 10.62 at the 1988 Olympics would still make her the world record holder.[59]
Below is a list of all other legal times equal or superior to 10.82:
- As well as the 10.61 (1988) and 10.62 (1988) mentioned in the more facts section, Florence Griffith-Joyner also ran 10.70 (1988).
Carmelita Jeter also ran 10.67 (2009), 10.70 (2011), 10.78 (2011, 2012), 10.81 (2012), and 10.82 (2010).
Marion Jones also ran 10.70 (1999), 10.71 (1998), 10.72 (1998), 10.75 (1998), 10.76 (1997, 1999), 10.77 (1998), 10.78 (2000), 10.79 (1998), 10.80 (1998, 1999), 10.81 (1997, 1998), and 10.82 (1998).
Shelly-Ann Fraser-Pryce also ran 10.71 (2013), 10.72 (2013), 10.73 (2009), 10.74 (2015), 10.75 (2012), 10.76 (2015), 10.77 (2013), 10.78 (2008), 10.79 (2009, 2015), 10.81 (2015), and 10.82 (2015).
Elaine Thompson also ran 10.71 (2016, 2017), 10.72 (2016), 10.78 (2016, 2017).
Kerron Stewart also ran 10.75 (2009) and 10.80 (2008).
Merlene Ottey also ran 10.78 (1990, 1994), 10.79 (1991), 10.80 (1992), and 10.82 (1990, 1993).
Veronica Campbell-Brown also ran 10.78 (2010), 10.81 (2012), and 10.82 (2012).
Evelyn Ashford also ran 10.79 (1983) and 10.81 (1988).
English Gardner also ran 10.79 (2015) and 10.81 (2016).
Tori Bowie also ran 10.80 (2014, 2016), 10.81 (2015), and 10.82 (2015).
Blessing Okagbare also ran 10.80 (2015).
Christine Arron also ran 10.81 (1998).
Inger Miller also ran 10.81 (1999).
Murielle Ahouré also ran 10.81 (2015).
Irina Privalova also ran 10.82 (1992).
Gail Devers also ran 10.82 (1993).
Gwen Torrence also ran 10.82 (1996).
Assisted marks[edit]
Any performance with a following wind of more than 2.0 metres per second is not counted for record purposes. Below is a list of the fastest wind-assisted times (10.82 or better). Only times that are superior to legal bests are shown.
Tori Bowie (USA) ran 10.72 (+3.2 m/s) during the USA Outdoor Track and Field Championships in Eugene, Oregon on 26 June 2015 and 10.74 (+3.1 m/s) during the U.S. Olympic Trials in Eugene, Oregon on 3 July 2016.
Tawanna Meadows (USA) ran 10.72 (+4.5 m/s) in Lubbock, Texas on 6 May 2017.
Blessing Okagbare (NGR) ran 10.72 (+2.7 m/s) in Austin, Texas on 31 March 2018 and 10.75 (+2.2 m/s) in Eugene, Oregon on 1 June 2013.
Marshevet Hooker (USA) ran 10.76 (+3.4 m/s) during the U.S. Olympic Trials in Eugene, Oregon on 27 June 2008.
Gail Devers (USA) ran 10.77 (+2.3 m/s) in San Jose, California on 28 May 1994.
Ekaterini Thanou (GRE) ran 10.77 (+2.3 m/s) in Rethymno on 29 May 1999.
Gwen Torrence (USA) ran 10.78 (+5.0 m/s) during the U.S. Olympic Trials in Indianapolis on 16 July 1988.
Muna Lee (USA) ran 10.78 (+3.3 m/s) in Eugene, Oregon on 26 June 2009.
Marlies Göhr (GDR) ran 10.79 (+3.3 m/s) in Cottbus on 16 July 1980.
Kelli White (USA) ran 10.79 (+2.3 m/s) in Carson, California on 1 June 2001. This performance was annulled in 2003 after she tested positive for modafinil.
Pam Marshall (USA) ran 10.80 (+2.9 m/s) in Eugene, Oregon on 20 June 1986.
Heike Drechsler (GDR) ran 10.80 (+2.8 m/s) in Oslo on 5 July 1986.
Jenna Prandini (USA) ran 10.81 (+3.6 m/s) during the U.S. Olympic Trials in Eugene, Oregon on 2 July 2016.
Silke Gladisch (GDR) ran 10.82 (+2.2 m/s) in Rome on 30 August 1987.
Season's bests[edit]
|
| Year | Time | Athlete | Place |
|---|---|---|---|
1972 | 10.07 |  Valeriy Borzov (URS) | Munich |
1973 | 10.15 | Steve Williams (USA) | Dakar |
1974 | 9.9h | Steve Williams (USA) | Los Angeles |
1975 | 10.05 | Steve Riddick (USA) | Zürich |
1976 | 10.06 | Hasely Crawford (TRI) | Montreal |
1977 | 9.98[A] |  Silvio Leonard (CUB) | Guadalajara |
1978 | 10.07 | Clancy Edwards (USA) | Eugene |
10.07[A] | Eddie Hart (USA) | Colorado Springs | |
10.07 | Steve Williams (USA) | Zürich | |
1979 | 10.01[A] |  Pietro Mennea (ITA) | Mexico City |
1980 | 10.02 | James Sanford (USA) | Westwood |
1981 | 10.00 | Carl Lewis (USA) | Dallas |
1982 | 10.00 | Carl Lewis (USA) | Modesto |
1983 | 9.93[A] | Calvin Smith (USA) | Colorado Springs |
1984 | 9.96 | Mel Lattany (USA) | Athens |
1985 | 9.98 | Carl Lewis (USA) | Modesto |
1986 | 10.00 | Chidi Imoh (NGR) | Berlin |
1987 | 9.93 | Carl Lewis (USA) | Rome |
1988 | 9.92 | Carl Lewis (USA) | Seoul |
1989 | 9.94 | Leroy Burrell (USA) | Houston |
1990 | 9.96 | Leroy Burrell (USA) | Villeneuve d'Ascq |
9.96[A] | Sestriere | ||
1991 | 9.86 | Carl Lewis (USA) | Tokyo |
1992 | 9.93 | Michael Marsh (USA) | Walnut |
1993 | 9.87 | Linford Christie (GBR) | Stuttgart |
1994 | 9.85 | Leroy Burrell (USA) | Lausanne |
1995 | 9.91 | Donovan Bailey (CAN) | Montreal |
1996 | 9.84 | Donovan Bailey (CAN) | Atlanta |
1997 | 9.86 | Maurice Greene (USA) | Athens |
1998 | 9.86 | Ato Boldon (TRI) | Walnut |
Athens | |||
1999 | 9.79 | Maurice Greene (USA) | Athens |
2000 | 9.86 | Maurice Greene (USA) | Berlin |
2001 | 9.82 | Maurice Greene (USA) | Edmonton |
2002 | 9.89 | Maurice Greene (USA) | Rome |
2003 | 9.93 | Patrick Johnson (AUS) | Mito |
2004 | 9.85 | Justin Gatlin (USA) | Athens |
2005 | 9.77 | Asafa Powell (JAM) | Athens |
2006 | 9.77 | Asafa Powell (JAM) | Gateshead |
Zürich | |||
2007 | 9.74 | Asafa Powell (JAM) | Rieti |
2008 | 9.69 | Usain Bolt (JAM) | Beijing |
2009 | 9.58 | Usain Bolt (JAM) | Berlin |
2010 | 9.78 | Tyson Gay (USA) | London |
| Nesta Carter (JAM) | Rieti | ||
2011 | 9.76 | Usain Bolt (JAM) | Brussels |
2012 | 9.63 | Usain Bolt (JAM) | London |
2013 | 9.77 | Usain Bolt (JAM) | Moscow |
2014 | 9.77 | Justin Gatlin (USA) | Brussels |
2015 | 9.74 | Justin Gatlin (USA) | Doha |
2016 | 9.80 | Justin Gatlin (USA) | Eugene |
2017 | 9.82 | Christian Coleman (USA) | Eugene |
2018 | 9.79 | Christian Coleman (USA) | Brussels |
Women[edit]
| Year | Time | Athlete | Place |
|---|---|---|---|
1972 | 11.07 | Renate Stecher (GDR) | Munich |
1973 | 11.07 | Renate Stecher (GDR) | Dresden |
1974 | 11.13 |  Irena Szewinska (POL) | Rome |
1975 | 11.13 | Renate Stecher (GDR) | Dresden |
1976 | 11.01 |  Annegret Richter (FRG) | Montreal |
1977 | 10.88 | Marlies Göhr (GDR) | Dresden |
1978 | 10.94 | Marlies Göhr (GDR) | Dresden |
1979 | 10.97 | Marlies Göhr (GDR) | Dresden |
| Evelyn Ashford (USA) | Walnut | ||
1980 | 10.93 | Marlies Göhr (GDR) | Dresden |
1981 | 10.90[A] | Evelyn Ashford (USA) | Colorado Springs |
1982 | 10.88 | Marlies Göhr (GDR) | Karl-Marx-Stadt |
1983 | 10.79[A] | Evelyn Ashford (USA) | Colorado Springs |
1984 | 10.76 | Evelyn Ashford (USA) | Zürich |
1985 | 10.86 | Marlies Göhr (GDR) | Berlin |
1986 | 10.88 | Evelyn Ashford (USA) | Rieti |
1987 | 10.86 | Anelia Nuneva (BUL) | Belgrade |
| Silke Möller (GER) | Potsdam | ||
1988 | 10.49 | Florence Griffith-Joyner (USA) | Indianapolis |
1989 | 10.78[A] | Dawn Sowell (USA) | Provo |
1990 | 10.78 | Merlene Ottey (JAM) | Seville |
1991 | 10.79 | Merlene Ottey (JAM) | Vigo |
1992 | 10.80 | Merlene Ottey (JAM) | Salamanca |
1993 | 10.82 | Gail Devers (USA) | Lausanne |
Stuttgart | |||
| Merlene Ottey (JAM) | Stuttgart | ||
1994 | 10.77 | Irina Privalova (RUS) | Lausanne |
1995 | 10.84 | Gwen Torrence (USA) | Gothenburg |
1996 | 10.74 | Merlene Ottey (JAM) | Milan |
1997 | 10.76 | Marion Jones (USA) | Brussels |
1998 | 10.65[A] | Marion Jones (USA) | Johannesburg |
1999 | 10.70 | Marion Jones (USA) | Seville |
2000 | 10.78 | Marion Jones (USA) | London |
2001 | 10.82 | Zhanna Block (UKR) | Edmonton |
2002 | 10.91 |  Debbie Ferguson-McKenzie (BAH) | Manchester |
2003 | 10.86 | Chryste Gaines (USA) | Monaco |
2004 | 10.77 | Ivet Lalova (BUL) | Plovdiv |
2005 | 10.84 | Chandra Sturrup (BAH) | Lausanne |
2006 | 10.82 | Sherone Simpson (JAM) | Kingston |
2007 | 10.89 | Veronica Campbell-Brown (JAM) | Kingston |
2008 | 10.78 | Torri Edwards (USA) | Eugene |
| Shelly-Ann Fraser (JAM) | Beijing | ||
2009 | 10.64 | Carmelita Jeter (USA) | Shanghai |
2010 | 10.78 | Veronica Campbell-Brown (JAM) | Eugene |
2011 | 10.70 | Carmelita Jeter (USA) | Eugene |
2012 | 10.70 | Shelly-Ann Fraser-Pryce (JAM) | Kingston |
2013 | 10.71 | Shelly-Ann Fraser-Pryce (JAM) | Moscow |
2014 | 10.80 | Tori Bowie (USA) | Monaco |
2015 | 10.74 | Shelly-Ann Fraser-Pryce (JAM) | Saint-Denis |
2016 | 10.70 | Elaine Thompson (JAM) | Kingston |
2017 | 10.71 | Elaine Thompson (JAM) | Kingston |
2018 | 10.85 | Marie-Josée Ta Lou (CIV) | Doha |
| Dina Asher-Smith (GBR) | Berlin |
Top 12 Junior (under-20) men[edit]
Updated 29 November 2018[update][60]
| Rank | Time | Wind (m/s) | Athlete | Nation | Date | Location | Age | Ref |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 9.97 | +1.8 | Trayvon Bromell | United States | 13 June 2014 | Eugene | 7003691300000000000♠18 years, 338 days | [61] |
| 2 | 10.00 | +1.6 | Trentavis Friday | United States | 5 July 2014 | Eugene | 7003697000000000000♠19 years, 30 days | |
| 3 | 10.01 | +0.0 | Darrel Brown | Trinidad and Tobago | 24 August 2003 | Saint-Denis | 7003689100000000000♠18 years, 317 days | |
| +1.6 | Jeff Demps | United States | 28 June 2008 | Eugene | 7003674600000000000♠18 years, 172 days | |||
| +0.9 [62] | Yoshihide Kiryu |  Japan | 28 April 2013 | Hiroshima | 7003634400000000000♠17 years, 134 days | |||
| 6 | 10.03 | +0.7 | Marcus Rowland | United States | 31 July 2009 | Port of Spain | 7003708200000000000♠19 years, 142 days | |
| +0.7 | Filippo Tortu | Italy | 23 May 2018 | Savona | 7003728200000000000♠19 years, 342 days | [63] | ||
| 8 | 10.04 | +1.7 | D'Angelo Cherry | United States | 10 June 2009 | Fayetteville | 7003688800000000000♠18 years, 313 days | |
| +0.2 | Christophe Lemaitre | France | 24 July 2009 | Novi Sad | 7003698300000000000♠19 years, 43 days | |||
| +1.9 | Abdullah Abkar Mohammed |  Saudi Arabia | 15 April 2016 | Walnut | 7003689300000000000♠18 years, 319 days | [64] | ||
| 11 | 10.05 | +0.1 | Adam Gemili | Great Britain | 11 July 2012 | Barcelona | 7003685300000000000♠18 years, 279 days | |
| +0.5 | Abdul Hakim Sani Brown | Japan | 24 June 2017 | Osaka | 7003668500000000000♠18 years, 110 days | [65] | ||
| −0.6 | 4 August 2017 | London | 7003672600000000000♠18 years, 151 days | [66] |
Notes[edit]
- British sprinter Mark Lewis-Francis recorded a time of 9.97 seconds on 5 August 2001 (aged 18 years, 334 days) but the wind gauge malfunctioned, invalidating the run.
- Nigerian sprinter Davidson Ezinwa ran 10.05 (4 January 1990), but without wind gauge.
Trayvon Bromell recorded a time of 9.77 s with a strong tailwind of +4.2 m/s on May 2014 during the Big 12 Outdoor Track Championships.[67]
Top 12 Junior (under-20) women[edit]
Updated 29 November 2018[update][68]
| Rank | Time | Wind (m/s) | Athlete | Nation | Date | Location | Age | Ref |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 10.88 | +2.0 | Marlies Göhr | East Germany | 1 July 1977 | Dresden | 7003704200000000000♠19 years, 102 days | |
| 2 | 10.89 | +1.8 | Katrin Krabbe | East Germany | 20 July 1988 | Berlin | 7003681500000000000♠18 years, 241 days | |
| 3 | 10.98 | +2.0 | Candace Hill | United States | 20 June 2015 | Shoreline | 7003597300000000000♠16 years, 129 days | [69] |
| 4 | 10.99 | +0.9 | Ángela Tenorio |  Ecuador | 22 July 2015 | Toronto | 7003711600000000000♠19 years, 176 days | [70] |
| +1.7 | Twanisha Terry | United States | 21 April 2018 | Torrance | 7003708800000000000♠19 years, 148 days | [71] | ||
| 6 | 11.02 | +1.8 | Tamara Clark | United States | 12 May 2018 | Knoxville | 7003706300000000000♠19 years, 123 days | |
| 7 | 11.03 | +1.7 | Silke Gladisch-Möller | East Germany | 8 June 1983 | Berlin | 7003692700000000000♠18 years, 353 days | |
| +0.6 | English Gardner | United States | 14 May 2011 | Tucson | 7003696100000000000♠19 years, 22 days | |||
| 9 | 11.04 | +1.4 | Angela Williams | United States | 5 June 1999 | Boise | 7003706600000000000♠19 years, 126 days | |
| 10 | 11.06 | +0.9 | Khalifa St. Fort | Trinidad and Tobago | 24 June 2017 | Port of Spain | 7003707100000000000♠19 years, 131 days | [72] |
| 11 | 11.07 | +0.7 | Bianca Knight | United States | 27 June 2008 | Eugene | 7003711600000000000♠19 years, 177 days | |
| 12 | 11.08 | +2.0 | Brenda Morehead | United States | 21 June 1976 | Eugene | 7003683400000000000♠18 years, 260 days |
Top 15 Youth (under-18) boys[edit]
Updated 30 November 2018[update][73]
| Rank | Time | Wind (m/s) | Athlete | Country | Date | Location | Age | Ref |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 10.15 | +2.0 | Anthony Schwartz | United States | 31 March 2017 | Gainesville | 7003605100000000000♠16 years, 207 days | [74] |
| 2 | 10.19 | +0.5 | Yoshihide Kiryu | Japan | 3 November 2012 | Fukuroi | 7003616800000000000♠16 years, 324 days | |
| 3 | 10.20 | +1.4 | Darryl Haraway | United States | 15 June 2014 | Greensboro | 7003629600000000000♠17 years, 87 days | |
| +1.5 | Tlotliso Leotlela |  South Africa | 7 September 2015 | Apia | 7003632700000000000♠17 years, 118 days | [75] | ||
| +2.0 | Sachin Dennis | Jamaica | 23 March 2018 | Kingston | 7003571200000000000♠15 years, 233 days | [76] | ||
| 6 | 10.22 | +1.0 | Abdul Hakim Sani Brown | Japan | 14 May 2016 | Shanghai | 7003627900000000000♠17 years, 69 days | |
| 7 | 10.23 | +0.8 | Tamunosiki Atorudibo | Nigeria | 23 March 2002 | Enugu | 7003621100000000000♠17 years, 2 days | |
| +1.2 | Rynell Parson | United States | 21 June 2007 | Indianapolis | 7003618900000000000♠16 years, 345 days | |||
| 9 | 10.24 | +0.0 | Darrel Brown | Trinidad and Tobago | 14 April 2001 | Bridgetown | 7003602900000000000♠16 years, 185 days | |
| 10 | 10.25 | +1.5 | J-Mee Samuels | United States | 11 July 2004 | Knoxville | 7003626200000000000♠17 years, 52 days | |
| +1.6 | Jeff Demps | United States | 1 August 2007 | Knoxville | 7003641400000000000♠17 years, 205 days | |||
| +0.9 | Jhevaughn Matherson | Jamaica | 5 March 2016 | Kingston | 7003621600000000000♠17 years, 7 days | [77] | ||
| 13 | 10.26 | +1.2 | Deworski Odom | United States | 21 July 1994 | Lisbon | 7003631000000000000♠17 years, 101 days | |
| −0.1 | Sunday Emmanuel | Nigeria | 18 March 1995 | Bauchi | 7003600500000000000♠16 years, 161 days | |||
| 15 | 10.27 | +0.2 | Henry Thomas | United States | 19 May 1984 | Norwalk | 7003615800000000000♠16 years, 314 days | |
| +1.6 | Curtis Johnson | United States | 30 June 1990 | Fresno | 7003603200000000000♠16 years, 188 days | |||
| +1.0 | Ivory Williams | United States | 8 June 2002 | Sacramento | 7003624600000000000♠17 years, 37 days | |||
| −0.2 | Jazeel Murphy | Jamaica | 23 April 2011 | Montego Bay | 7003626400000000000♠17 years, 55 days | |||
| +1.9 | Raheem Chambers | Jamaica | 20 April 2014 | Fort-de-France | 7003604000000000000♠16 years, 196 days |
Top 14 Youth (under-18) girls[edit]
Updated 30 November 2018[update][78]
| Rank | Time | Wind (m/s) | Athlete | Nation | Date | Location | Age | Ref |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 10.98 | +2.0 | Candace Hill | United States | 20 June 2015 | Shoreline | 7003597300000000000♠16 years, 129 days | [69] |
| 2 | 11.10 | +0.9 | Kaylin Whitney | United States | 5 July 2014 | Eugene | 7003596200000000000♠16 years, 118 days | [79] |
| 3 | 11.13 | +2.0 | Chandra Cheeseborough | United States | 21 June 1976 | Eugene | 7003637200000000000♠17 years, 163 days | |
| +1.7 | Brianna Williams | Jamaica | 17 March 2018 | Jacksonville | 7003584000000000000♠15 years, 361 days | |||
| +1.6 | Tamari Davis | United States | 9 June 2018 | Montverde | 7003563800000000000♠15 years, 159 days | |||
| 6 | 11.14 | +1.7 | Marion Jones | United States | 6 June 1992 | Norwalk | 7003608200000000000♠16 years, 238 days | |
| −0.5 | Angela Williams | United States | 21 June 1997 | Edwardsville | 7003635200000000000♠17 years, 142 days | |||
| 8 | 11.16 | +1.2 | Gabrielle Mayo | United States | 22 June 2006 | Indianapolis | 7003635600000000000♠17 years, 147 days | |
| +0.9 | Kevona Davis | Jamaica | 23 March 2018 | Kingston | 7003593700000000000♠16 years, 93 days | |||
| 10 | 11.17 A | +0.6 | Wendy Vereen | United States | 3 July 1983 | Colorado Springs | 7003627900000000000♠17 years, 70 days | |
| 11 | 11.19 | 0.0 | Khalifa St. Fort | Trinidad and Tobago | 16 July 2015 | Cali | 7003636200000000000♠17 years, 153 days | |
| 12 | 11.20 A | +1.2 | Raelene Boyle | Australia | 15 October 1968 | Mexico City | 7003635400000000000♠17 years, 144 days | |
| 13 | 11.24 | −1.0 | Ewa Swoboda | Poland | 4 June 2015 | Sankt Pölten | 7003652200000000000♠17 years, 313 days | |
| 14 | 11.24 | +1.2 | Jeneba Tarmoh | United States | 22 June 2006 | Indianapolis | 7003611200000000000♠16 years, 268 days | |
| +0.8 | Jodie Williams | Great Britain | 31 May 2010 | Bedford | 7003608900000000000♠16 years, 245 days |
Paralympic men[edit]
Jason Smyth (in lane five) breaking the men's T13 world record at the 2012 Paralympic Games in London.
Updated 30 November 2018[80]
| Class | Time | Wind (m/s) | Athlete | Nationality | Date | Place | Ref |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
T11 | 10.92 | +1.8 | David Brown | United States | 18 April 2014 | Walnut | |
T12 | 10.66 | −0.4 | Elchin Muradov |  Azerbaijan | 19 June 2010 | Imola | |
T13 | 10.46 | +0.6 | Jason Smyth |  Ireland | 1 September 2012 | London | |
T32 | 23.25 | 0.0 | Martin McDonagh | Ireland | 13 August 1999 | Nottingham | |
T33 | 16.46 | +1.3 | Ahmad Almutairi |  Kuwait | 12 May 2015 | Doha | |
| +1.0 | 3 June 2017 | Nottwil | |||||
T34 | 14.80 | +0.7 | Rheed McCracken | Australia | 26 May 2018 | Nottwil | |
T35 | 12.22 | +0.7 | Ihor Tsvietov | Ukraine | 9 September 2016 | Rio de Janeiro | [81] |
T36 | 11.87 | –0.5 | Mohamad Ridzuan |  Malaysia | 9 October 2018 | Jakarta | |
T37 | 11.42 | +0.2 | Charl du Toit | South Africa | 10 September 2016 | Rio de Janeiro | [82] |
T38 | 10.74 | −0.3 | Hu Jianwen | China | 13 September 2016 | Rio de Janeiro | [83] |
T42 | vacant | ||||||
T43 | vacant | ||||||
T44 | vacant | ||||||
T45 | 10.94 | +0.2 | Yohansson Nascimento | Brazil | 6 September 2012 | London | |
T46/47 | 10.50 | +0.5 | Petrucio Ferreira dos Santos | Brazil | 15 June 2018 | Paris | |
T51 | 19.89 | +1.3 | Peter Genyn |  Belgium | 31 May 2018 | Nottwil | |
T52 | 16.46 | +1.4 | Raymond Martin | United States | 4 June 2018 | Arbon | |
T53 | 14.10 | +0.7 | Brent Lakatos | Canada | 27 May 2017 | Arbon | |
T54 | 13.63 | +1.0 | Leo-Pekka Tähti |  Finland | 1 September 2012 | London | |
T61 | vacant | ||||||
T62 | vacant | ||||||
T63 | vacant | ||||||
T64 | 10.61 | +1.4 | Richard Browne | United States | 29 October 2015 | Doha |
Paralympic women[edit]
Updated 30 November 2018[84]
| Classification | Time | Wind (m/s) | Athlete | Nationality | Date | Place | Ref |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
T11 | 11.91 | +0.7 | Libby Clegg | Great Britain | 9 September 2016 | Rio de Janeiro | [85] |
T12 | 11.40 | +0.2 | Omara Durand | Cuba | 9 September 2016 | Rio de Janeiro | [86] |
T13 | 11.79 | +0.5 | Leilia Adzhametova | Ukraine | 11 September 2016 | Rio de Janeiro | [87] |
T32 | 37.67 | 0.0 | Lindsay Wright | United Kingdom | 25 July 1997 | Nottingham | |
T33 | 19.89 | +0.3 | Shelby Watson | United Kingdom | 26 May 2016 | Nottwil | |
T34 | 16.80 | +0.5 | Kare Adenegan | United Kingdom | 21 July 2018 | London | |
T35 | 13.43 | +0.9 | Isis Holt | Australia | 19 July 2017 | London | |
T36 | 13.68 | +1.5 | Shi Yiting | China | 20 July 2017 | London | |
T37 | 13.13 | +1.6 | Georgina Hermitage | Great Britain | 9 September 2016 | Rio de Janeiro | [88] |
T38 | 12.44 | +0.6 | Sophie Hahn | Great Britain | 22 July 2017 | London | |
T42 | 14.61 | −0.2 | Martina Caironi | Italy | 30 October 2015 | Doha | [89] |
T43 | 12.80 | +1.0 | Marlou van Rhijn | Netherlands | 29 October 2015 | Doha | [90] |
T44 | 12.93 | −0.4 | Sophie Kamlish | Great Britain | 17 September 2016 | Rio de Janeiro | [91] |
T45 | 14.00 | 0.0 | Giselle Cole | Canada | 2 June 1980 | Arnhem | |
T46/47 | 11.95 | −0.2 | Yunidis Castillo | Cuba | 4 September 2012 | London | |
T51 | 24.69 | −0.8 | Cassie Mitchell | United States | 2 July 2016 | Charlotte | |
T52 | 18.67 | +1.7 | Michelle Stilwell | Canada | 14 July 2012 | Windsor | |
T53 | 16.19 | +1.0 | Huang Lisha | China | 8 September 2016 | Rio de Janeiro | [92] |
T54 | 15.35 | +1.9 | Tatyana McFadden | United States | 5 June 2016 | Indianapolis | |
T61 | vacant | ||||||
T62 | vacant | ||||||
T63 | 14.61 | −0.2 | Martina Caironi | Italy | 30 October 2015 | Doha | |
T64 | 12.85 | +0.8 | Marlene van Gansewinkel | Netherlands | 20 August 2018 | Berlin |
Olympic medallists[edit]
Men[edit]
| Games | Gold | Silver | Bronze |
|---|---|---|---|
1896 Athens |  Thomas Burke (USA) |  Fritz Hofmann (GER) | Francis Lane (USA) Alajos Szokolyi (HUN) |
1900 Paris |  Frank Jarvis (USA) | Walter Tewksbury (USA) |  Stan Rowley (AUS) |
1904 St. Louis | Archie Hahn (USA) | Nathaniel Cartmell (USA) | William Hogenson (USA) |
1908 London | Reggie Walker (RSA) | James Rector (USA) |  Robert Kerr (CAN) |
1912 Stockholm |  Ralph Craig (USA) | Alvah Meyer (USA) | Donald Lippincott (USA) |
1920 Antwerp | Charley Paddock (USA) | Morris Kirksey (USA) | Harry Edward (GBR) |
1924 Paris | Harold Abrahams (GBR) | Jackson Scholz (USA) |  Arthur Porritt, Baron Porritt (NZL) |
1928 Amsterdam |  Percy Williams (CAN) | Jack London (GBR) |  Georg Lammers (GER) |
1932 Los Angeles | Eddie Tolan (USA) | Ralph Metcalfe (USA) | Arthur Jonath (GER) |
1936 Berlin | Jesse Owens (USA) | Ralph Metcalfe (USA) |  Tinus Osendarp (NED) |
1948 London | Harrison Dillard (USA) | Barney Ewell (USA) |  Lloyd LaBeach (PAN) |
1952 Helsinki | Lindy Remigino (USA) |  Herb McKenley (JAM) | McDonald Bailey (GBR) |
1956 Melbourne | Bobby Morrow (USA) | Thane Baker (USA) |  Hector Hogan (AUS) |
1960 Rome |  Armin Hary (EUA) |  Dave Sime (USA) | Peter Radford (GBR) |
1964 Tokyo |  Bob Hayes (USA) |  Enrique Figuerola (CUB) |  Harry Jerome (CAN) |
1968 Mexico City | Jim Hines (USA) |  Lennox Miller (JAM) | Charles Greene (USA) |
1972 Munich |  Valeriy Borzov (URS) | Robert Taylor (USA) | Lennox Miller (JAM) |
1976 Montreal |  Hasely Crawford (TRI) | Don Quarrie (JAM) | Valeriy Borzov (URS) |
1980 Moscow |  Allan Wells (GBR) | Silvio Leonard (CUB) |  Petar Petrov (BUL) |
1984 Los Angeles | Carl Lewis (USA) | Sam Graddy (USA) |  Ben Johnson (CAN) |
1988 Seoul[93][94] | Carl Lewis (USA) | Linford Christie (GBR) | Calvin Smith (USA) |
1992 Barcelona | Linford Christie (GBR) |  Frankie Fredericks (NAM) | Dennis Mitchell (USA) |
1996 Atlanta | Donovan Bailey (CAN) | Frankie Fredericks (NAM) | Ato Boldon (TRI) |
2000 Sydney | Maurice Greene (USA) | Ato Boldon (TRI) |  Obadele Thompson (BAR) |
2004 Athens | Justin Gatlin (USA) |  Francis Obikwelu (POR) | Maurice Greene (USA) |
2008 Beijing | Usain Bolt (JAM) | Richard Thompson (TRI) | Walter Dix (USA) |
2012 London | Usain Bolt (JAM) | Yohan Blake (JAM) | Justin Gatlin (USA) |
2016 Rio de Janeiro | Usain Bolt (JAM) | Justin Gatlin (USA) | Andre De Grasse (CAN) |
Women[edit]
| Games | Gold | Silver | Bronze |
|---|---|---|---|
1928 Amsterdam | Betty Robinson  United States | Fanny Rosenfeld  Canada | Ethel Smith Canada |
1932 Los Angeles | Stanisława Walasiewicz  Poland | Hilda Strike Canada | Wilhelmina von Bremen United States |
1936 Berlin | Helen Stephens United States | Stanisława Walasiewicz Poland | Käthe Krauß  Germany |
1948 London | Fanny Blankers-Koen Netherlands | Dorothy Manley Great Britain | Shirley Strickland Australia |
1952 Helsinki | Marjorie Jackson Australia | Daphne Hasenjager  South Africa | Shirley Strickland de la Hunty Australia |
1956 Melbourne | Betty Cuthbert Australia | Christa Stubnick United Team of Germany | Marlene Matthews Australia |
1960 Rome | Wilma Rudolph  United States | Dorothy Hyman Great Britain | Giuseppina Leone Italy |
1964 Tokyo | Wyomia Tyus United States | Edith McGuire United States | Ewa Kłobukowska Poland |
1968 Mexico City | Wyomia Tyus United States | Barbara Ferrell United States | Irena Szewińska Poland |
1972 Munich | Renate Stecher East Germany | Raelene Boyle Australia | Silvia Chivás Cuba |
1976 Montreal | Annegret Richter West Germany | Renate Stecher East Germany | Inge Helten West Germany |
1980 Moscow | Lyudmila Kondratyeva  Soviet Union | Marlies Göhr East Germany | Ingrid Auerswald East Germany |
1984 Los Angeles | Evelyn Ashford United States | Alice Brown United States | Merlene Ottey Jamaica |
1988 Seoul | Florence Griffith-Joyner United States | Evelyn Ashford United States | Heike Drechsler East Germany |
1992 Barcelona | Gail Devers United States | Juliet Cuthbert Jamaica | Irina Privalova  Unified Team |
1996 Atlanta | Gail Devers United States | Merlene Ottey Jamaica | Gwen Torrence United States |
2000 Sydney | Vacant[95] | Ekaterini Thanou  Greece | Merlene Ottey Jamaica |
Tayna Lawrence Jamaica | |||
2004 Athens | Yulia Nestsiarenka  Belarus | Lauryn Williams United States | Veronica Campbell Jamaica |
2008 Beijing | Shelly-Ann Fraser Jamaica | Sherone Simpson Jamaica | none awarded |
Kerron Stewart Jamaica | |||
2012 London | Shelly-Ann Fraser-Pryce Jamaica | Carmelita Jeter United States | Veronica Campbell-Brown Jamaica |
2016 Rio de Janeiro | Elaine Thompson Jamaica | Tori Bowie United States | Shelly-Ann Fraser-Pryce Jamaica |
World Championship medallists[edit]
Men[edit]
| Championships | Gold | Silver | Bronze |
|---|---|---|---|
1983 Helsinki | Carl Lewis (USA) | Calvin Smith (USA) | Emmit King (USA) |
1987 Rome | Carl Lewis (USA) | Raymond Stewart (JAM) | Linford Christie (GBR) |
1991 Tokyo | Carl Lewis (USA) | Leroy Burrell (USA) | Dennis Mitchell (USA) |
1993 Stuttgart | Linford Christie (GBR) | Andre Cason (USA) | Dennis Mitchell (USA) |
1995 Gothenburg | Donovan Bailey (CAN) | Bruny Surin (CAN) | Ato Boldon (TRI) |
1997 Athens | Maurice Greene (USA) | Donovan Bailey (CAN) | Tim Montgomery (USA) |
1999 Seville | Maurice Greene (USA) | Bruny Surin (CAN) | Dwain Chambers (GBR) |
2001 Edmonton | Maurice Greene (USA) | Bernard Williams (USA) | Ato Boldon (TRI) |
2003 Saint-Denis |  Kim Collins (SKN) | Darrel Brown (TRI) | Darren Campbell (GBR) |
2005 Helsinki | Justin Gatlin (USA) | Michael Frater (JAM) | Kim Collins (SKN) |
2007 Osaka | Tyson Gay (USA) | Derrick Atkins (BAH) | Asafa Powell (JAM) |
2009 Berlin | Usain Bolt (JAM) | Tyson Gay (USA) | Asafa Powell (JAM) |
2011 Daegu | Yohan Blake (JAM) | Walter Dix (USA) | Kim Collins (SKN) |
2013 Moscow | Usain Bolt (JAM) | Justin Gatlin (USA) | Nesta Carter (JAM) |
2015 Beijing | Usain Bolt (JAM) | Justin Gatlin (USA) | Trayvon Bromell (USA) Andre De Grasse (CAN) |
2017 London | Justin Gatlin (USA) | Christian Coleman (USA) | Usain Bolt (JAM) |
Women[edit]
| Championships | Gold | Silver | Bronze |
|---|---|---|---|
1983 Helsinki | Marlies Oelsner-Göhr (GDR) | Marita Koch (GDR) | Diane Williams (USA) |
1987 Rome | Silke Gladisch-Möller (GDR) | Heike Daute-Drechsler (GDR) | Merlene Ottey (JAM) |
1991 Tokyo | Katrin Krabbe (GER) | Gwen Torrence (USA) | Merlene Ottey (JAM) |
1993 Stuttgart | Gail Devers (USA) | Merlene Ottey (JAM) | Gwen Torrence (USA) |
1995 Gothenburg | Gwen Torrence (USA) | Merlene Ottey (JAM) | Irina Privalova (RUS) |
1997 Athens | Marion Jones (USA) | Zhanna Pintusevich (UKR) | Savatheda Fynes (BAH) |
1999 Seville | Marion Jones (USA) | Inger Miller (USA) | Ekaterini Thanou (GRE) |
2001 Edmonton | Zhanna Pintusevich-Block (UKR) | Ekaterini Thanou (GRE) | Chandra Sturrup (BAH) |
2003 Saint-Denis | Torri Edwards (USA) | Chandra Sturrup (BAH) | Ekaterini Thanou (GRE) |
2005 Helsinki | Lauryn Williams (USA) | Veronica Campbell (JAM) | Christine Arron (FRA) |
2007 Osaka | Veronica Campbell-Brown (JAM) | Lauryn Williams (USA) | Carmelita Jeter (USA) |
2009 Berlin | Shelly-Ann Fraser (JAM) | Kerron Stewart (JAM) | Carmelita Jeter (USA) |
2011 Daegu | Carmelita Jeter (USA) | Veronica Campbell-Brown (JAM) | Kelly-Ann Baptiste (TRI) |
2013 Moscow | Shelly-Ann Fraser-Pryce (JAM) | Murielle Ahouré (CIV) | Carmelita Jeter (USA) |
2015 Beijing | Shelly-Ann Fraser-Pryce (JAM) | Dafne Schippers (NED) | Tori Bowie (USA) |
2017 London | Tori Bowie (USA) | Marie-Josée Ta Lou (CIV) | Dafne Schippers (NED) |
See also[edit]
- 100-yard dash
- List of 100 metres national champions (men)
- List of 100 metres national champions (women)
- Men's 100 metres world record progression
- Women's 100 metres world record progression
Notes[edit]
^ abc It is widely believed that the anemometer was faulty for the race in which Florence Griffith Joyner set the official world record for the women's 100 m of 10.49 s.[1] A 1995 report commissioned by the IAAF estimated the true wind speed was between +5.0 m/s and +7.0 m/s, rather than the 0.0 recorded.[1] If this time, recorded in the quarter-final of the 1988 U.S. Olympic trials, were excluded, the world record would be 10.61 s, recorded the next day at the same venue by the same athlete in the final.[1][2]
References[edit]
^ abc Linthorne, Nicholas P. (June 1995). "The 100-m World Record by Florence Griffith-Joyner at the 1988 U.S. Olympic Trials" (PDF). Brunel University. Retrieved 24 March 2012..mw-parser-output cite.citationfont-style:inherit.mw-parser-output qquotes:"""""""'""'".mw-parser-output code.cs1-codecolor:inherit;background:inherit;border:inherit;padding:inherit.mw-parser-output .cs1-lock-free abackground:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/9px-Lock-green.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center.mw-parser-output .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .cs1-lock-registration abackground:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-gray-alt-2.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center.mw-parser-output .cs1-lock-subscription abackground:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-red-alt-2.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registrationcolor:#555.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription span,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration spanborder-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-errordisplay:none;font-size:100%.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-errorfont-size:100%.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration,.mw-parser-output .cs1-formatfont-size:95%.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-leftpadding-left:0.2em.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-rightpadding-right:0.2em
^ "Women's outdoor 100m". All-time top lists. IAAF. 17 September 2011. Retrieved 24 March 2012.
^ BTEC First Sport By Bob Harris, R. Mills, S. Parker-Bennet
^ The Day – 23 January 1983
^ "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 29 July 2014. Retrieved 23 August 2012.CS1 maint: Archived copy as title (link)
^ "IAAF keeps one false-start rule". BBC. 3 August 2005. Retrieved 15 August 2008.
^ "Gatlin queries false start change". BBC News. 6 May 2005. Retrieved 15 August 2008.
^ Christopher Clarey (28 August 2011). "Who Can Beat Bolt in the 100? Himself". The New York Times. Retrieved 28 August 2011.
^ "The disqualification of Usain Bolt". IAAF. 28 August 2011. Archived from the original on 14 September 2011. Retrieved 28 August 2011.
^ "Usain Bolt 100m 10 meter Splits and Speed Endurance". Speedendurance.com. 22 August 2008. Retrieved 7 August 2012.
^ Sandre-Tom. "IAAF Competition Rules 2009, Rule 164" (PDF). IAAF. Archived from the original (PDF) on 3 September 2009. Retrieved 23 August 2009.
^ 100 metres IAAF
^ Will Swanton and David Sygall, (2007-07-15). Holy Grails. Sydney Morning Herald. Retrieved on 2009-06-18. Archived 2009-06-20.
^ The above source fails to mention that Namibian Frankie Fredericks was the first runner of non-West African descent to break the barrier.
^ Athlete Profiles – Patrick Johnson. Athletics Australia. Retrieved 2009-06-19. Archived 2009-06-20.
^ Jad, Adrian (July 2011). "Christophe Lemaitre 100m 9.92s +2.0 (Video) – Officially the Fastest White Man in History". adriansprints.com. Retrieved 2011-07-31.
^ https://www.iaaf.org/athletes/turkey/ramil-guliyev-226874
^ http://www.xinhuanet.com/english/2018-06/23/c_137274534.htm
^ Who Do You Think You Are – Colin Jackson. BBC Sport. Retrieved on 2009-06-18.
^ Barling, Kurt (2000-09-04). Runaway success in the sports arena is never simply a question of race. The Independent. Retrieved on 2009-06-18.
^ "Progression of 100 meters world record". ESPN. Associated Press. Retrieved 28 June 2011.
^ "100 Metres Results" (PDF). IAAF. 16 August 2009. Archived from the original (PDF) on 23 August 2009. Retrieved 31 May 2011.
^ 100 Metres All Time. IAAF (9 March 2009). Retrieved 6 May 2009. Archived 8 May 2009.
^ Linthorne,N.(PHD)(1995)The 100m World Record by Florence Griffith Joyner at the 1988 U.S Olympic Trials. Report for the International Amateur Athletic Federation Department of Physics, University of Western Australia
^ 100 metres records. IAAF (6 September 2011). Retrieved 9 June 2011. Archived 6 September 2011.
^ 60 Metres Records. IAAF (4 April 2009). Retrieved 4 April 2009.
^ "Top List – 100m". IAAF. Retrieved 24 August 2015.
^ Layden, Tim (31 August 2009). "Bolt Strikes Twice". si.com. Sports Illustrated. Retrieved 5 December 2018.
^ "Tyson Gay equals Usain Bolt's old world record with second fastest 100m". theguardian.com. The Guardian. 20 September 2009. Retrieved 5 December 2018.
^ Campigotto, Jesse (23 August 2012). "Yohan Blake becomes 3rd man to run 9.69". cbc.ca. Canadian Broadcasting Corporation. Retrieved 5 December 2018.
^ Ledsom, Mark (2 September 2008). "Powell equals second fastest 100 meters time". reuters.com. Reuters. Retrieved 5 December 2018.
^ "Justin Gatlin runs fastest 100 meters in world this year". espn.com. ESPN Internet Ventures. 15 May 2015. Retrieved 5 December 2018.
^ "Nesta Carter ties for fastest 100 of year". seattletimes.com. The Seattle Times. 29 August 2010. Retrieved 9 December 2018.
^ Litsky, Frank (17 June 1999). "Greene Breaks World Record in the 100 Meters". nytimes.com. The New York Times. Retrieved 5 December 2018.
^ "100m Results" (PDF). sportresult.com. 31 August 2018. Retrieved 5 September 2018.
^ Cherry, Gene (4 June 2011). "Tyson Gay runs year's fastest 100 metres". theglobeandmail.com. The Globe and Mail. Retrieved 14 December 2013.
^ "Thompson breaks record". guardian.co.tt. Trinidad and Tobago Guardian. 22 June 2014. Retrieved 14 December 2018.
^ abcd Roy Jordan (4 July 2016). "Six world leads on third day of US Olympic Trials". IAAF. Retrieved 4 July 2016.
^ "Burrell Eclipses 100-Meter Mark". latimes.com. Los Angeles Times. 7 July 1994. Retrieved 5 December 2018.
^ Janofsky, Michael (26 August 1991). "He Paces Back In a Blazing 9.86". nytimes.com. The New York Times. Retrieved 9 December 2018.
^ "Diamond League: Asafa Powell runs 100m in 9.81 seconds". bbc.com. BBC. 5 July 2015. Retrieved 5 December 2018.
^ Bob Ramsak; Alfons Juck (22 August 2018). "Baker clocks 9.87 world lead in Chorzow". iaaf.org. IAAF. Retrieved 23 August 2018.
^ Markham, Carl; Butler, Mark (17 May 2019). "Bolt runs 14.35 sec for 150m; covers 50m-150m in 8.70 sec!". iaaf.org. IAAF. Retrieved 5 December 2018.
^ "100m World Record falls to Montgomery - 9.78!". iaaf.org. IAAF. 14 September 2002. Retrieved 9 December 2018.
^ "CAS decision on Montgomery and Gaines". iaaf.org. IAAF. 13 December 2005. Retrieved 9 December 2018.
^ Nikitaridis, Michalis (14 June 2005). "Powell keeps his World record promise". iaaf.org. IAAF. Retrieved 9 December 2018.
^ "Chambers to lose medal and record". bbc.co.uk. BBC. 26 June 2006. Retrieved 11 December 2018.
^ Myers, Sanjay (22 November 2011). "Banned for life! - Doping panel shows sprinter Mullings no mercy". jamaicaobserver.com. Jamaica Observer. Retrieved 10 December 2018.
^ "Justin Gatlin Ran 9.45 With Crazy Wind-Aid on Japanese TV". flotrack.org. 29 February 2016. Retrieved 23 February 2017.
^ Zinser, Lynn (30 June 2008),"Shattering Limits on the Track, and in the Pool" The New York Times
^ Ewing, Lori (The Canadian Press) (18 June 2017), [1] National Post
^ "All-time women's best 100m". IAAF. 13 May 2017. Retrieved 13 May 2017.
^ Sherdon Cowan (1 July 2016). "#NatlTrials: Elaine Thompson storms to 10.70s win in 100m". jamaicaobserver.com. Retrieved 3 July 2016.
^ Cathal Dennehy (11 June 2016). "Ahoure powers to African 100m record of 10.78 in Florida". IAAF. Retrieved 11 June 2016.
^ "100m Results" (PDF). IAAF. 24 August 2015. Retrieved 24 August 2015.
^ "100m Results". NAAATT. 24 June 2017. Retrieved 25 June 2017.
^ Pritchard, W. G. (July 2006). "Mathematical Models of Running". SIAM Review. 35 (3): 359–379. doi:10.1137/1035088.
^ Linthorne, Nick (March 2003). "Wind Assistance". Brunel University. Archived from the original on 3 September 2009. Retrieved 25 August 2008.
^ http://www.iaaf.org/statistics/toplists/inout=o/age=n/season=0/sex=W/all=y/legal=A/disc=100/detail.html
^ "Top List – 100m". IAAF. Retrieved 3 April 2014.
^ Gugala, Jon (14 June 2014). "Freshman Sprinting Phenom Wins NCAAs, Sets World Junior Record". deadspin.com. Dead Spin. Retrieved 13 December 2018.
^ Kiryu's 10.01 (+0.9 m/s) in 2013 is invalidated due to the type of wind-measuring .Jon Mulkeen (29 April 2013). "Kiryu equals World junior 100m record". IAAF. Retrieved 29 April 2013.
^ "Tortu just misses Mennea's Italian 100m record in Savona". european-athletics.org. 24 May 2018. Retrieved 29 June 2018.
^ "Mt. SAC Relays 2016 – Friday Track Results" (PDF). mtsacrelays.com. 15 April 2016. Retrieved 16 April 2016.
^ "Sprinter Sani Brown outlcasses field in 100-meter final for first national title". japantimes.co.jp. 24 June 2017. Retrieved 24 June 2017.
^ "100m Heats Results" (PDF). IAAF. 4 August 2017. Retrieved 4 August 2017.
^ Bromell Blazing! World Leading 9.77w (4.2) To Win Big 12 Championship
^ "All Time Top Lists - U20 Outdoor 100 Metres Women". iaaf.org. IAAF. Retrieved 29 November 2018.
^ ab Jon Mulkeen (20 June 2015). "Hill breaks world youth 100m best and American junior record with 10.98". IAAF. Retrieved 21 June 2015.
^ "100m Results" (PDF). results.toronto2015.org. 22 July 2015. Retrieved 26 July 2015.
^ Jon Mulkeen (22 April 2018). "Terry breezes to 10.99 at Mt SAC Relays". IAAF. Retrieved 25 April 2018.
^ "100m Results". NAAATT. 24 June 2017. Retrieved 30 June 2017.
^ "All Time Top Lists - U18 Outdoor 100 Metres Men". iaaf.org. IAAF. Retrieved 30 November 2018.
^ "100m Results". deltatiming.com. 31 March 2017. Retrieved 31 March 2017.
^ Phil Minshull (7 September 2015). "Leotlela clocks second fastest ever youth 100m with 10.20 in Samoa". IAAF. Retrieved 13 September 2015.
^ Noel Francis (25 March 2018). "Taylor and Davis delight at Jamaica's Boys and Girls Champs". IAAF. Retrieved 27 March 2018.
^ Raymond Graham (6 March 2016). "Matherson sprints to National Youth record". jamaica-gleaner.com. Retrieved 3 June 2016.
^ "All Time Top Lists - U18 Outdoor 100 Metres Women". iaaf.org. IAAF. Retrieved 30 November 2018.
^ "Florida's Whitney sets world junior 200 record". www.newsobserver.com. 7 July 2014. Archived from the original on 15 July 2014. Retrieved 8 July 2014.
^ "World Para Athletics World Records". IPC. Retrieved 30 November 2018.
^ "Men's T35 100m Round 1 Heat 2 Results" (PDF). Rio 2016 official website. 9 September 2016. Archived from the original (PDF) on 21 September 2016. Retrieved 14 September 2016.
^ "Men's 100m T37 Round 1 Heat 2 Results" (PDF). Rio 2016 official website. 10 September 2016. Archived from the original (PDF) on 21 September 2016. Retrieved 14 September 2016.
^ "Men's 100m T38 Results" (PDF). Rio 2016 official website. 13 September 2016. Archived from the original (PDF) on 21 September 2016. Retrieved 18 September 2016.
^ "World Para Athletics World Records". IPC. Retrieved 30 November 2018.
^ "Women's 100m T11 Semifinal 2 Results" (PDF). Rio 2016 official website. 9 September 2016. Archived from the original (PDF) on 21 September 2016. Retrieved 14 September 2016.
^ "Women's 100m T12 Results" (PDF). Rio 2016 official website. 9 September 2016. Archived from the original (PDF) on 21 September 2016. Retrieved 14 September 2016.
^ "Women's 100m T13 Results" (PDF). Rio 2016 official website. 11 September 2016. Archived from the original (PDF) on 21 September 2016. Retrieved 15 September 2016.
^ "Women's 100m T37 Results" (PDF). Rio 2016 official website. 9 September 2016. Archived from the original (PDF) on 21 September 2016. Retrieved 14 September 2016.
^ "Women's 100m T42 Results" (PDF). IPC. 30 October 2015. Retrieved 30 October 2015.
^ "Women's 100m T43/44 Results" (PDF). IPC. 29 October 2015. Retrieved 29 October 2015.
^ "Women's 100m T43/44 Round 1 Heat 3 Results" (PDF). Rio 2016 official website. 17 September 2016. Retrieved 29 September 2016.
^ "Women's T53 100m – Round 1 Heat 1 Results" (PDF). Rio 2016 official website. 8 September 2016. Archived from the original (PDF) on 21 September 2016. Retrieved 9 September 2016.
^ Canadian Ben Johnson won the 1988 men's 100 metres final, but was stripped of the title after testing positive for steroids in a subsequent doping test.
^ "1988: Johnson stripped of Olympic gold". BBC News. September 27, 1988.
^ On October 5, 2007 Marion Jones of the United States admitted to having taken performance-enhancing drugs prior to the 2000 Summer Olympics. On October 9 she relinquished her medals to the United States Olympic Committee, who returned them to the International Olympic Committee. The IOC have removed the medals from Jones and her relay teammates, leaving the positions vacant.
External links[edit]
 | Wikimedia Commons has media related to 100 metres. |
- IAAF list of 100-metres records in XML
- All-time men's 100 m list
- All-time women's 100 m list
- Olympics 100 m – Men
- Olympics 100 m – Women
Categories:
- 100 metres
- Events in athletics (track and field)
- Sprint (running)
- Summer Olympic disciplines in athletics
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