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Helminthoglyptidae
Sonorella allynsmithi
Three views of a shell of Helminthoglypta tudiculata taken from W. G. Binney, 1878[1]
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Mollusca
Class:	Gastropoda
(unranked):	clade Heterobranchia clade Euthyneura clade Panpulmonata clade Eupulmonata clade Stylommatophora informal group Sigmurethra
Superfamily:	Helicoidea
Family:	Helminthoglyptidae Pilsbry, 1939

The Helminthoglyptidae are a family of air-breathing land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the superfamily Helicoidea.

This is a large and diverse group of new world snails, ranging in distribution from Alaska through North America to the West Indies, Central America, and as far south as Argentina.

The shells are typically of medium to large size, with no apertural teeth but usually with a reflected apertural lip.

Anatomy

In the species in this family, the diverticulum may be present or absent. They possess a single dart appartus with one stylophore (dart sac) and two mucus glands. These snails use the love dart as part of their mating behavior.

In this family, the number of haploid chromosomes lies between 26 and 30 (according to the values in this table).^[2]

Taxonomy

The basic nomenclature and taxonomy of this large and complex family of land snails has been the subject of many modifications, and the list of genera given here is applicable only when the family is broadly interpreted. Many of these snail genera have been placed by various authors in more restrictively defined families, such as: Cepolidae, Epiphragmophoridae, Humboldtianidae, Monadeniidae, and Xanthonychidae.^[3][4][5][6]

Subfamilies in the family Helminthoglyptidae include (according to the taxonomy of the Gastropoda by Bouchet & Rocroi, 2005):

Subfamily Helminthoglyptinae Pilsbry, 1939

• tribe Helminthoglyptini Pilsbry, 1939
  
  • subtribe Helminthoglyptina Pilsbry, 1939: the mucus glands lie adjacent to the vagina or to the sheath of the dart apparatus; the ducts of the glands are provided with bulbous reservoirs.^{[citation needed]}
  
  
  • subtribe Micrariontina Schileyko, 1991: the mucus glands lie adjacent to the dart sac; in part the dart apparatus is missing.
  
  


• tribe Sonorelicini Roth, 1996

Subfamily Sonorellinae Pilsbry, 1939: the diverticulum and the dart apparatus are absent.

Genera

Genera within the family Helminthoglyptidae include:

Helminthoglyptinae

tribe Helminthoglyptini, subtribe Helminthoglyptina

• 
  Helminthoglypta Ancey, 1887 - type genus of the family Helminthoglyptidae^[7]

tribe Helminthoglyptini, subtribe Micrariontina

• 
  Micrarionta Ancey, 1880 - type genus of the subtribe Micrariontina^[7]

tribe Sonorelicini

• 
  Sonorelix Berry, 1943 - type genus of the tribe Sonorelicini^[7]

Sonorellinae

• 
  Sonorella Pilsbry, 1900 - type genus of the subfamily Sonorellinae^[7]

subfamily ?^[8][9][10]

• 
  Averellia Ancey, 1887^{[citation needed]}


• 
  Cahuillus Roth, 1996^{[citation needed]}


• 
  Cepolis Montfort, 1810^{[citation needed]}


• 
  Chamaearionta Berry, 1930^{[citation needed]}


• 
  Dialeuca Albers, 1850^{[citation needed]}


• 
  Eremarionta Pilsbry, 1913^{[citation needed]}


• 
  Eremariontoides Miller, 1981^{[citation needed]}


• 
  Greggelix Miller, 1972^{[citation needed]}


• 
  Hemitrochus Swainson, 1840^{[citation needed]}


• 
  Herpeteros Berry, 1947^{[citation needed]}


• 
  Humboldtiana Ihering, 1892^{[citation needed]}


• 
  Leptarionta Fischer & Crosse, 1872^{[citation needed]}


• 
  Maricopella Roth, 1996^{[citation needed]}


• 
  Mohavelix Berry, 1943^{[citation needed]}


• 
  Myotophallus Pilsbry, 1939^{[citation needed]}


• 
  Noyo Roth, 1996^{[citation needed]}


• 
  Plesarionta Pilsbry, 1939^{[citation needed]}


• 
  Polymita Beck, 1837^{[citation needed]}


• 
  Rothelix Miller, 1985^{[citation needed]}


• 
  Setipellis Pilsbry, 1926^{[citation needed]}


• 
  Tryonigens Pilsbry, 1927^{[citation needed]}


• 
  Xanthonyx Crosse & Fischer, 1867^{[citation needed]}


• 
  Xerarionta Pilsbry, 1913^{[citation needed]}

References

External links

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Helminthoglyptidae.