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  December 18: Australia now recognises West Jerusalem as Israeli capital, Prime Minister Scott Morrison announces
  


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  December 6: UK Parliament begins debate on Brexit deal
  


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  November 26: US National Climate Assessment warns of climate-related damages to economy, ecosystems, human health
  


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  November 22: Airbnb announces intent to remove Israeli West Bank settlement property listings
  


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  November 14: Israel and Palestinian militants agree to ceasefire after worse Gaza violence since 2014
  


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  November 12: Dozens of people killed in Mogadishu, Somalia car bombings near Sahafi Hotel
  


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  November 9: Mass graves of thousands of ISIL victims found, UN reports
  


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  October 31: Syria's National Museum re-opens after six years of civil war
  


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  October 30: In pictures: thousands attend 16th annual Taiwan Pride
  


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  October 24: Jordan declares intent not to renew land lease to Israel
  

Elizabeth II (born 1926) is the constitutional monarch of 16 sovereign states known as the Commonwealth realms, head of the 54-member Commonwealth of Nations, and head of state of the Crown Dependencies and British Overseas Territories. Her father, George VI, acceded to the throne in 1936 on the abdication of his brother Edward VIII. She began public duties during the Second World War, in which she served in the Auxiliary Territorial Service. On George VI's death in 1952, she became Head of the Commonwealth and Queen of seven independent Commonwealth countries: the United Kingdom, Canada, Australia, New Zealand, South Africa, Pakistan, and Ceylon. Her coronation service in 1953 was the first to be televised. Since her accession, the number of her realms has varied as territories gained independence and some realms became republics. In 1947 she married Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh, with whom she has four children: Charles, Anne, Andrew, and Edward. Her reign of 66 years is the second-longest for a British monarch; only Queen Victoria has reigned longer. Elizabeth's Silver and Golden Jubilees were celebrated in 1977 and 2002; her Diamond Jubilee is being celebrated during 2012.

• ...that the Communist League of America was formed after some members of the Communist Party USA were expelled for Trotskyism?

• ...that "Tippecanoe and Tyler too" (campaign banner pictured) was called the "Marseillaise" of the 1840 United States presidential election?


• ...that the events of Polish October together with Hungarian November shook the Eastern Bloc in 1956 and set the course for the Revolutions of 1989?


• ...that the current constitution of Nicaragua, the ninth in the country's history, was the final step in the institutionalization of the Sandinista regime?

• ...that depending on a time and place, the same social movement may be revolutionary or not?

• ...that the Proletarian Revolutionary Organisation of Nepal proposed a synthesis of Buddhism and Maoism in 1977?

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  December 7, 2003 – the Conservative Party of Canada is formed.


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  December 13, 2000 – The U.S. Supreme Court stops the Florida presidential recount, effectively giving the state, and the Presidency, to George W. Bush.


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  December 6, 2005 – David Cameron becomes the 26th Leader of the British Conservative Party
  


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  December 15, 2005 – Parliamentary elections are held in Iraq.


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  December 17, 2005 – Evo Morales wins the presidential elections in Bolivia, ousting incumbent Eduardo Rodriguez and becoming the country's first indigenous leader.


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  December 18, 1834 – Sir Robert Peel publishes the Tamworth Manifesto which lays the foundation for the modern British Conservative Party.


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  December 30, 2006 – Former Iraqi dictator, Saddam Hussein is hanged.