Skinny Puppy
Skinny Puppy live at the Vic Theatre in 2014
Background information
Origin	Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
Genres	Industrial[1] EBM[2] electro-industrial[3] avant-funk[4] industrial rock[5] techno[6] electropop[7]
Years active	1982–1995, 2003–present
Labels	Metropolis, Subconscious Communications, Synthetic Symphony, Nettwerk, American Recordings, Play It Again Sam, Capitol/EMI
Associated acts	ohGr, Download, Doubting Thomas, W.E.L.T., platEAU, Psyche, The Tear Garden, Front Line Assembly, Ministry, KMFDM, Hilt, Cyberaktif, RX, Images In Vogue, Pigface
Website	www.skinnypuppy.com
Members	cEvin Key Nivek Ogre Mark Walk Justin Bennett (touring band) Matthew Setzer (touring band)
Past members	Dwayne Goettel Dave "Rave" Ogilvie Al Jourgensen Wilhelm Schroeder (Bill Leeb) William Morrison

Skinny Puppy is a Canadian industrial music group formed in Vancouver, British Columbia in 1982. The group is widely considered to be one of the founders of the electro-industrial genre.^[8] Initially envisioned as an experimental side project by cEvin Key (Kevin Crompton) while he was in the new wave band Images in Vogue, Skinny Puppy evolved into a full-time project with the addition of vocalist Nivek Ogre (Kevin Ogilvie). Over the course of a dozen studio albums and many live tours, Key and Ogre have been the only constant members. Other members have included Dwayne Goettel (1986–1995), Dave "Rave" Ogilvie (long-time associate, producer, and "unofficial" fourth member until 1995), Mark Walk (2003–present), and a number of guests, including Bill Leeb (1985–1986, under the pseudonym Wilhelm Schroeder), Al Jourgensen (1989), and many others.

After the self-release of their first cassette in 1984, Skinny Puppy soon signed to Vancouver label Nettwerk, anchoring its early roster. From their Nettwerk debut EP Remission in 1984 to their 1992 album Last Rights, Skinny Puppy developed into an influential band with a dedicated cult following,^[9] fusing elements of industrial, funk,
noise, new wave, electro, and rock music and making innovative use of sampling. Over the course of several tours of North America and Europe in this period, they became known for theatrical, horror-themed live performances and videos, drawing attention to issues such as chemical warfare and animal testing.

In 1993, Skinny Puppy left Nettwerk and long-time producer Rave, signing with American Recordings and relocating to Malibu, California, where drug problems and tension between band members plagued the recording of their next album, The Process. Ogre quit Skinny Puppy in June 1995, and Goettel died of a heroin overdose two months later. The album was completed with Rave and released in Goettel's memory in 1996. Key and Ogre, already active in a number of other projects, went their separate ways, reuniting for a one-off Skinny Puppy concert at the Doomsday Festival in Dresden, Germany, in 2000. Reforming Skinny Puppy in 2003 with Mark Walk, they released the album The Greater Wrong of the Right the following year and toured extensively. Since their reunion, they have released a further three albums, the most recent release being 2013's Weapon.

History[edit]

Formation and first releases (1982–1985)[edit]

Skinny Puppy formed in 1982 as a side project for Kevin Crompton in Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.^[10] Crompton was dissatisfied with the pop direction of his then-current band Images in Vogue, and began Skinny Puppy with the intention of doing something more compelling and experimental.^[11] Images in Vogue had become a popular act in Vancouver, achieving several radio hits^[12] and opening for groups such as Duran Duran, Depeche Mode, and Roxy Music.^[13] Initially Crompton had planned Skinny Puppy to be a side project while he continued his work in Images in Vogue; however, when Images in Vogue later relocated to Toronto, Crompton made Skinny Puppy his full-time project.^[14] Crompton had already created the name for the project and recorded several songs when he asked Kevin Graham Ogilvie to join. Ogilvie had been a roommate of Images in Vogue member Gary Blair Smith and had met Crompton at a party in late 1982.^[10] To avoid the confusion of having two people named Kevin in one band, the pair created stage names, with Crompton becoming cEvin Key and Ogilvie becoming Nivek Ogre.^[15]

Using Key's apartment as a makeshift studio, the duo began recording songs^[15] and in 1983 with the help of Images in Vogue recording engineer Dave "Rave" Ogilvie (no relation to Ogre),^[12] Skinny Puppy released the EP Back & Forth.^[16] This was the beginning of a long partnership between Skinny Puppy and Rave, who would serve as their producer until 1993, and again in 1995,^[17] and was occasionally listed as a member of the band in album liner notes.^[10][18] Though only 35 copies were ever printed, the self-released Back & Forth drew the attention of Vancouver startup label Nettwerk, who signed the band later that year.^[19] The first live Skinny Puppy show was held at the Unovis art gallery in Vancouver in February 1984; the British group Alien Sex Fiend were among the 300 people in attendance.^[20]

	"Assimilate" Assimilate went on to become one of the most popular Skinny Puppy songs. This track is from Bites.
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Ogre has said that Skinny Puppy acted as an escape for Key, who wished to distance himself from Images in Vogue: "He was looking for something to break out of [Images in Vogue], and maybe I was it". Key would continue to drum for Images in Vogue until the group relocated to Toronto in 1985.^[15] Key's concept behind Skinny Puppy came from the group's first song ever recorded, "K-9". The idea, according to Key, was to create music which explored "life as seen through a dog's eyes".^[15][21] Skinny Puppy also incorporated the use of "B-grade horror movie visuals", including fake blood and props, into their live performances.^[22] Key justified these "shock gore" antics with the following:

What we're presenting isn't much different from what [the audience] is subjected to in everyday life. For example, a commercial is a very plastic view of existence and reality. When you watch a TV show and see a world with picture-perfect endings, all you have to do is switch the station and watch the news.^[23]

Bill Leeb contributed to several early Skinny Puppy recordings

Having scored a record deal with Nettwerk and with interest surrounding the Back & Forth EP growing, Skinny Puppy was invited to Vancouver's Mushroom Studios to work on new material.^[20] It was here that the group recruited Bill Leeb to perform bass synth and backing vocals.^[20][23] Like Ogre and Key before him, Leeb created a stage name, Wilhelm Schroeder; "my real name is Wilhelm" said Leeb, "Schroeder we picked out from the guy playing the piano in the Charlie Brown cartoon".^[24] Skinny Puppy released their second EP, Remission in December 1984, almost a year following Back & Forth.

Remission marked the first time Skinny Puppy would collaborate with artist Steven Gilmore, who created the album artwork.^[25] The EP was initially only released in vinyl, but was later given a cassette release in 1985.^[18] According to Nettwerk promoter George Maniatis, Remission "grabbed everybody by the you-know-whats" and, for Nettwerk Records, brought with it an association with industrial dance music.^[26] The EP was supported by music videos for the songs "Far Too Frail" and "Smothered Hope",^[23] the latter of which being the closest thing to a hit song any North American industrial act had achieved at the time.^[19]

Skinny Puppy released its first full-length album, Bites, in 1985 and was produced by Key and Dave Ogilvie. Tom Ellard of the Australian electronic act Severed Heads lent a hand to the production of Bites, acting as a producer and performing various sampling and mixing duties.^[27] Described by Billboard magazine as "techno dance...a la Kraftwerk",^[28]Bites yielded the underground hit "Assimilate".^[23] Key and Ogre opened for Chris & Cosey on their 1985 Canadian tour as Hell 'O' Death Day; some of the material the duo had performed would appear on Bites a bonus tracks.^[29] One of these bonus tracks, a song called "The Centre Bullet", featured lyrics by Legendary Pink Dots founder Edward Ka-Spel.^[18][30]

While Skinny Puppy had become well received by underground audiences in most major urban areas, due in part to their anti-consumerist themes and Cure like aesthetics, not everyone was friendly to the group. Key described Skinny Puppy as the antithesis of "the Bruce Springsteen mentality of music", rejecting "Top 40 conformity".^[31] Toronto based music journalist and DJ Greg Clow recalled Michael Williams, who was a VJ for MuchMusic,^[32] introducing him to Skinny Puppy, describing them as "Canada's answer to Depeche Mode".^[23]

Dwayne Goettel and stylistic transition (1986–1987)[edit]

In 1986, Nettwerk made a distribution deal with Capitol Records, allowing Skinny Puppy and others in Nettwerk's roster to expand their respective audiences.^[33] Capitol manager Stephen Powers stated that signing groups such as Skinny Puppy gave the company "a real credibility" with the alternative and college music scenes.^[34] Skinny Puppy also signed to Play It Again Sam, allowing the group's music to expand into Europe.^[35] It was this expansion into the European market that would help to make Skinny Puppy a "cash cow" for Nettwerk in the early years.^[33] In a 2007 interview with CraveOnline, Ogre commented on Skinny Puppy's time with Capitol, saying:

We’re so lucky to have gotten here, and if we look back on the fact that we were on Capitol Records at a certain point, being distributed and making these albums under budget… there was one year when we were the only band on the label to profit, when MC Hammer lost a shitload of money. I can still appreciate how odd it was that we had the chance to do that because it doesn’t really happen in a lot of cases.^[36]

Dwayne Goettel was a member of Skinny Puppy from 1986 until his death in 1995

Bill Leeb left Skinny Puppy in 1986 to pursue his own musical project, Front Line Assembly, alongside musicians Rhys Fulber and Michael Balch.^[1] Leeb gave his reasons for leaving the group stating that his bandmates expressed different ideas from his own and that he had been interested in singing.^[37] In addition to Front Line Assembly, Leeb would head projects such as Noise Unit and the internationally successful Delerium.^[38] Leeb's replacement would be quiet Alberta native Dwayne Goettel.^[33] Classically trained as a pianist/keyboardist, Goettel had been in a duo named Water with vocalist Sandy Weir and had previously worked with the synthpop band Psyche, among others.^[39][40][41]

Skinny Puppy's production values improved with the addition of Goettel, with Key remarking that "Dwayne brought us a whole new sense and aesthetic that we didn't have. Up to that point, we were really punk rock in our approach". Key continued on that "he [Goettel] had an incredible knowledge of equipment and at a very early stage was really the master of sampling, which had really just begun".^[40][42] Goettel's contributions to Skinny Puppy's second full length effort, 1986's Mind: The Perpetual Intercourse, helped to propel the band towards the style of their "chaotic future masterworks".^[43] To promote the album, Skinny Puppy began making appearances on CBC Radio's Brave New Waves program in September 1986,^[44] and released their first single, "Dig It".^[45] A music video for "Dig It" was produced and received extensive airplay on MTV.^[46][47]

Further promotion for the album came from a world tour with the band Severed Heads. The tour proved to be a vital learning experience for the group, having encounters with, according to Key, "tour managers and agents that didn't pay us".^[21] In 1987, the song "Stairs and Flowers" was released as a single, as was a new song titled "Chainsaw".^[48] The group attracted the attention of the Parent Music Resource Center (PMRC), which named Mind: The Perpetual Intercourse one of several albums believed to be "violent, sexually explicit, or condoning substance abuse".^[49] The album was named by Melody Maker magazine as one of the best releases of the year, making eleventh place on their year end list.^[50]

Later in 1987 came Skinny Puppy's third full-length album, Cleanse Fold and Manipulate. Described as "a turning point, where experimentation is just beginning to gel with innovation",^[51] the album marks the point where the group began to explore more political themes, delving into topics such as the AIDS epidemic and the Vietnam War.^[52] A song from the album, "Addiction" was released as a single.^[53] The group later went on tour, with a performance at Toronto's Concert Hall being released on VHS in 1989 and CD in 1991 as Ain't It Dead Yet?.^[54] Also released in 1987 was Bites and Remission (through Capitol Records) and Remission & Bites (European release, through Pay It Again Sam), both compilations of Skinny Puppy's first two Nettwerk releases.^[55]

Subsequent success (1988–1989)[edit]

Skinny Puppy's live performances had become increasingly more elaborate, with Ogre interacting with an onstage crucifix and other "crudely constructed" stage props.^[54] Craig MacInnis of the Toronto Star described their new stage show as "neo-dadaist shock theatre",^[56] while Tom Lanham of the San Francisco Chronicle referred to it as "grotesque".^[57] These intricate stage shows continued in 1988 with the European Head Trauma tour, supported by Edward Ka-Spel.^[58] Following the tour, the group returned to the studio to record what Ogre described would be to date Skinny Puppy's most critical statement regarding animal testing.^[59]

A blood-soaked Ogre performing live

Skinny Puppy released their fourth album, VIVIsectVI, in 1988;^[60] the album's name is a pun intended to associate vivisection with Satanism (i.e. the "666 sect").^[61] The group's primary aim with the album was to bring attention to the topic of vivisection and other issues regarding animal rights.^[62] The album's subject matter also deals with subjects such as chemical warfare,^[63] environmental waste,^[64] and disease.^[59] Lead track "Dogshit" was released as a single in 1988 under the name "Censor"; the name change was made by the band when it was decided that the single would not sell well with its original name.^[61] The single "Testure", which denounced the testing of animals for research purposes,^[59] reached No. 19 on Billboard's Hot Dance Music/Club Play chart in 1989.^[65][66] According to Ogre, "Testure" was intended to be accessible in the hope of spreading their "anti-vivisectionist" message. "It's the only song I think they will be able to play on the radio" said Ogre, continuing "I hope they do play it because it's the only way we can go beyond our ranks and our loyal fans who already understand the message".^[64] "Testure" also featured several well-chosen samples from the film The Plague Dogs,^[67] an animated adventure about two dogs who escape from a research laboratory.^[68]Melody Maker named VIVIsectVI one of the best albums of 1988, scoring thirteenth place in the magazine's year end list.^[69]

Skinny Puppy toured in support of the album, featuring an early incarnation of the industrial rock band Nine Inch Nails as their opening act.^[70][71] The concept for the live show revolved around a vivisectionist (played by Ogre) who is eventually transformed into a tortured animal; the idea was to portray the "inner workings of the mind under the strain of vivisection".^[62] The stage show included the mock vivisection of a stuffed dog the band had named Chud. Chud was stolen by a fan who had snuck backstage following a concert in Detroit, Michigan, but was later recovered by the band.^[72] After the following show in Cincinnati, Ohio, Key, Ogre, and tour manager Dan McGee were arrested for "disorderly conduct" when an audience member, believing the stuffed animal Ogre was "vivisecting" to be a real dog, called the police.^[73] Two plainclothes officers entered the group's dressing room demanding they inspect the prop. Following a heated argument, the trio spent the night in jail, but were released the following day after paying a $200 fine.^[74]

During the late 1980s and early 1990s, the band members began working on various side projects. Key and Goettel were involved with The Tear Garden (a collaboration with The Legendary Pink Dots)^[75] and Doubting Thomas (an outlet for their non-Skinny Puppy instrumentals).^[76] The band Hilt, a collaboration between Key and Geottel and Al Nelson, also started when Nettwerk challenged the group to produce an album for as little money as possible.^[77] Ogre struck up a friendship with Ministry's Al Jourgensen, having first worked together during the recording of the PTP song "Show Me Your Spine" (featured in the 1987 film RoboCop).^[78]

For Skinny Puppy's fifth album, Rabies, released in 1989, Jourgensen joined Rave as producer.^[79] The album, featuring Jourgensen's electric guitar work and backing vocals, drew mixed a reception from fans.^[80] Despite these reactions, the album was a commercial success, selling 150,000 copies^[81] and receiving extensive airplay on college radio.^[82][83] The single "Worlock" - which featured samples of Charles Manson singing parts of the song "Helter Skelter" from The Beatles' White Album, accompanied by a fragmented portion of the songs guitar introduction^[84] - helped to bring the band "massive popularity".^[81] A video produced for the song, featuring spliced-together footage from dozens of horror films and a statement denouncing censorship of the genre by the MPAA, was circulated widely as a promotional and bootleg item.^[85] The song "Tin Omen" was also released as a single^[86] and "Hexonxonx" received some airplay on alternative radio.^[87] In spite of the album's initial mixed reception, Brad Filicky in a 2003 issue of CMJ magazine named Rabies as a classic album, calling it "a masterpiece of the industrial genre".^[88]

This period marked the beginning of divisions within the band,^[42] as rather than tour in support of Rabies, Ogre joined Ministry while they toured in support of their album The Mind Is a Terrible Thing to Taste (1989); Ogre contributed guitars, keyboards, and vocals during the tour.^[89] Ogre had also begun working with the Ministry side project Revolting Cocks.^[90] Key was later quoted saying of Ogre's involvement with Ministry and, later on, Martin Atkins' Pigface that he sometimes felt "like a wife that's been cheated on".^[91]

Too Dark Park (1990–1991)[edit]

Following the production of Rabies, a "glacial coldness" grew between the group members,^[92] with Key and Goettel often siding against Ogre, feeling he was more interested in solo work.^[42] The group had expressed their ultimate disappointment in Rabies, with Goettel stating that the completed product was "less within the Skinny Puppy vision", and Key being displeased with Jourgensen's involvement.^[92] Ogre also expressed his disapproval for the album stating that he had "flopped"; Ogre continued on that "the work and artistic environment really weren't there at all either. It was completely negative".^[90] Key and Goettel used this time to complete work on some of their side projects such a Hilt, releasing their first effort Call the Ambulance (Before I Hurt Myself) which was produced by Rave.^[93] Key also reunited with Bill Leeb to form the project known as Cyberaktif; Goettel acted as an assistant producer and provided some instrumentation.^[94]

Ogre performing during the Too Dark Park tour, 1990

Ogre had been offered by Jourgensen a chance to tour with the Revolting Cocks, having previously provided some vocal work for their live act in 1988.^[95] Ogre refused the offer citing some occurrences during his time with Ministry which led him to question his friendship with Jourgensen.^[92] The group, having finished work on their various side projects, returned to the studio and released their sixth studio album Too Dark Park in 1990.^[96] Goettel said in a radio interview that the major intentions behind the album were to reevaluate what Skinny Puppy was and create a new style of music to mark the beginning of a new decade.^[97] This included hiring Jim Cummins (I, Braineater) to design the cover artwork, feeling that their longtime designer Steven Gilmore had lost his creative spark.^[98]

Described as "forceful and consistently abrasive",^[99]Too Dark Park was named by Key as the true successor to what he referred to as "the last pure" Skinny Puppy album, VIVIsectVI.^[100] Critics such as Staci Bonner of Spin magazine applauded the use of sampling and stated that the album was a "return to the bloodbath" for the group.^[101] The album yielded the singles "Tormentor" and "Spasmolytic", the latter of which spawned a music video directed by Jim Van Bebber.^[102]Billboard called "Spasmolytic" a "delicious mind-altering affair",^[103] a sentiment shared by Wil Lewellyn of Treblezine who included the song in a list of the best underground songs of the 1990s.^[104] Environmental degradation was a major theme on both the album and the North American Too Dark Park tour.^[92] While discussing the tour, Ogre told B-Side magazine that he had concerns regarding the live show, saying:

I was going through all the elements in the show I've presented & I realize it's not a positive show & it shouldn't fool anybody, saying 'oh yes, if we all recycle our cans, & separate our plastics & fucking separate our paper the world will be so great'. But it's 'no, I am sorry, it just doesn't work out that way'.^[105]

The tour for Too Dark Park saw cEvin Key taking on a consistent role of drummer for the group's live shows, performing on a massive acoustic/electronic hybrid kit nicknamed "The Drumasaurus" in order to convey the complexities of the recorded drum tracks that became more common in the group's material. Nivek Ogre stated in an interview that he considers the Too Dark Park tour his "creative height." The tour itself would become noted for its chaotic theatrics (including a segment with Ogre performing on large metal stilts,) extreme volume thanks to the band's custom-built PA system, and its high-intensity, violent and sequenced backing film that was shown on multiple screens while the band performed, featuring footage from the Kent State Shootings, animal vivisections and the infamous Japanese film Guinea Pig 2: Flowers of Flesh and Blood, before concluding with Budd Dwyer's televised suicide.^[106]

In 2003, Alexander Chow of Spin magazine named Too Dark Park an essential industrial album, stating that "schizophrenic beats, manic-depressive mumblings, and just the right dose of fist-raising choruses" made for a dance floor favorite.^[107]

Following the tour, Ogre became involved with Martin Atkins' project Pigface in 1991, for a short time becoming the group's lead vocalist.^[108] Pigface included talent from several other industrial groups such as William Rieflin of Ministry and Trent Reznor of Nine Inch Nails,^[98] who helped record the song "Suck".^[109] In the live album Welcome to Mexico... Asshole, Ogre and Reznor performed the song together, with Ogre providing the vocals. Also on the album was a cover of the song T.F.W.O. from Too Dark Park, led by Ogre.^[110]

Last Rights (1992)[edit]

Following Too Dark Park, Skinny Puppy was commissioned by the contemporary dance group La La La Human Steps to compose several songs for their 1991 production Infante C'est Destroy, a duty shared alongside the likes of Einstürzende Neubauten.^[111] Lewis Segal of the Los Angeles Times described the show as an extravaganza and referred to the musical compositions as "assaultive".^[112] It was also during this time that Ogre made a concerted effort to rid his drug addictions. In an interview with CiTR-FM, Ogre discussed his ordeals with hepatitis A and subsequent hospilization; he also noted that he had been thankful that Pigface was there to look after him during his "hour of need".^[113]

Pigface: Nivek Ogre (center) with Chris Connelly (left) and Martin Atkins

Skinny Puppy released their seventh studio album, Last Rights, in 1992.^[114] It was the last album the band released under Nettwerk/Capitol.^[115] The relationship between band members during the album's production was "tense and unhealthy", with Ogre (under the supervision of Rave) coming into the studio at night to perform vocals for the music Key and Goettel composed earlier in the day.^[116] Described by Entertainment Weekly as a "nonstop stretch of horrific soundscapes",^[117]Last Rights became the first Skinny Puppy record to chart on the Billboard 200, peaking at No. 193.^[118] The album also remained on Billboard's Heatseekers album chart for several weeks, peaking at No. 10.^[119] The track "Inquisition" was released as a single and included several alternative cuts of the song as well as the b-side "LaHuman8". A second single, "Love In Vein", was never released, although an unfinished remix intended for it later appeared on Brap: Back and Forth Series 3 & 4 in 1996.^[120] A music video for the song "Killing Game", which among other things featured a student dance troupe performing against a white backdrop.^[116]

A track titled "Left Handshake" was excluded from Last Rights, leaving a blank track 10 on some copies of the album. Clearance for a lengthy vocal sample from Timothy Leary's Turn On, Tune In, Drop Out, released 25 years prior to the album's release, was approved by Leary, but denied by the copyright holder Henry G. Saperstein.^[85] "We tried to convince him", stated Key, "but he said, 'it doesn't matter what Leary said, he doesn't own his own work'".^[121] The song, in which Ogre provides commentary to Leary's instructions for avoiding a "bad trip", was eventually released on the initial European edition of Brap in 1996, and on a limited edition single called "Track 10" sold at the Skinny Puppy reunion concert in 2000 at Dresden.^[122]

The stage show for the Last Rights tour in North America, much like the album itself, was built around a detailed narrative inspired by Ogre's past ordeals with drug abuse.^[115][123] The show involved Ogre interacting with a backing film, a virtual reality machine which was accompanied with "mind-bending" computer-generated effects, and numerous costumes such as the Guilt Man suit, laden with hypodermic needle.^[123] For this tour, Key focused exclusively on live drumming.^[124] One incident that occurred at a show in Boston involved several concert goers climbing on stage and grabbing at Ogre's various masks and props, several of which were stolen. The band's manager, Tim Gore, pursued the thieves but was punched by a security guard. Gore began experiencing issues breathing and was taken to a hospital; the guard was fired as a result of the incident.^[125]

The Process, Goettel's death and breakup (1993–1999)[edit]

In 1993, Skinny Puppy contributed the song "Ode to Groovy" to the compilation album In Defense of Animals, released through Restless Records. The album was named after the animal rights group of the same name.^[126] Though the track is credited to Skinny Puppy, Ogre and Rave were the only people to work on it.^[127]

Ogre, Key, and Goettel later signed a contract with American Recordings^[128] and moved to Malibu, California to record The Process, a concept album inspired by 1960s cult The Process Church of The Final Judgment, with Roli Mosimann producing.^[129] The recording sessions were beset by everything from fires and floods to the Northridge earthquake, and Mosimann was eventually replaced with Martin Atkins.^[130] Atkins' presence exacerbated the rift that was forming between Ogre on the one hand, and Key and Goettel on the other.^[131] The band's bickering and excessive drug use made the recording process so long and costly that American reduced Skinny Puppy's contract from three albums to one. In 1994, Key and Goettel returned to Vancouver with the master tapes, but Ogre remained in Los Angeles and quit Skinny Puppy in June 1995.^[130] Goettel was found dead of a heroin overdose in his parents' home two months later.^[42][132]

The Process was eventually completed with Rave, released in 1996, and dedicated to the memory of Goettel.^[133][134] It was an overall stylistic departure from their previous albums, prominently featuring untreated vocals, guitar, and more accessible song structures.^[135] The liner notes that accompanied the CD included thank-yous to "Electronic Music Lovers" and "Puppy People", followed by the words "The End" in bold type.^[134] The album charted on the Billboard 200 at No. 102^[136] and reached the No. 1 spot on Billboard's Heatseekers album chart.^[137]

During the Process era, a loose-knit art/philosophy collective also known as The Process was formed, with early contributions from Ogre and Genesis P-Orridge, among others.^[138] P-Orridge and Chris Carter, among others, jammed with Skinny Puppy during this period, a recording of which was eventually released as Puppy Gristle in a limited edition in 2002.^[139] The creation of the Download project, which Key and Goettel formed with Mark Spybey and Phil Western, also occurred at this time.^[140][141] Download explored everything from electronic improvisation with spoken vocals to techno, and toured in 1996.^[141][142] Earlier, in 1993, Goettel and Western had issued a breakbeat hardcore single (under the name aDuck) on their own Subconscious Records, and after Goettel's death in 1995, Subconscious evolved into a recording studio and record label imprint that Key used to release a number of his own and Skinny Puppy's recordings.^[140] Key also continued to work with The Tear Garden,^[143] produced industrial/trance music with Western in the side project platEAU,^[144] and released his first solo album in 1998.^[145]

	"Smothered Hope (Ogre & Mark Walk remix)" from remix dystemper (1998)
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Ogre had toured extensively with Martin Atkins' industrial supergroup Pigface since 1991, and toured with them again after leaving Skinny Puppy. He recorded material for his side project W.E.L.T. with Ruby's Mark Walk before quitting Skinny Puppy, but due to legal issues with American Recordings,^[146] this would not see release until 2001 under the new name ohGr.^[147] In the meantime, he toured with KMFDM, and released an album with Martin Atkins under the name Rx (also known as Ritalin).^[148] The ohGr and Rx releases included some of Ogre's most positive^[149] and forward-thinking^[150] songwriting to date. Several collections were released while Skinny Puppy was dormant, including Brap: Back and Forth Series 3 & 4^[120] in 1996 and The Singles Collect and B-Sides Collect^[151] in 1999. Nettwerk commissioned a remix album in 1998; titled remix dystemper, it featured classic Skinny Puppy tracks re-worked by a diverse range of artists, including Autechre, Deftones, and Guru. Ogre and Mark Walk also took part, contributing a breakcore remix of "Dig It" and an updated version of Remission's "Smothered Hope" with new vocals by Ogre.^[18]

Reunion, The Greater Wrong of the Right and Mythmaker (2000–2008)[edit]

In August 2000, at the insistence of German promoters, Ogre and Key reunited and performed live as Skinny Puppy for the first time since 1992 at the Doomsday Festival in Dresden.^[152] The show was meant to be a continuation of the Last Rights tour, with the stage design taking influence from those performances. Rather than find a replacement for Goettel, the band simply left the keyboard station on stage empty.^[153] The performance was filmed and recorded, and a live album, Doomsday: Back and Forth Series 5: Live in Dresden, was released in 2001; a DVD release was planned but canceled by Nettwerk.^[18] Live clips of "Testure" and "Worlock" as well as a behind the scenes interview with the band were broadcast on Crazy Clip TV in Germany^[154] and "Worlock" was included on a VCD compilation by German magazine Sonic Seducer in 2002.^[155]

Key joined ohGr on drums for its 2001 tour, while Ogre appeared on the track "Frozen Sky" on Key's 2001 album The Ghost of Each Room. When asked by Terrorizer magazine about the future of Skinny Puppy, Key responded:

Our goals for the future are to combine everything, take the best of what we can do with Ogre, and the best of what we have from our past, as well as the future stuff that we can do, and put it into one touring situation which I'm sure will stroll back into bloodville.^[156]

Skinny Puppy performing live at the London Astoria in 2005

The first new Skinny Puppy track in several years, "Optimissed", appeared on the Underworld soundtrack in 2003.^[157] Ogre, Key, Mark Walk and various guests, including Danny Carey of Tool and Wayne Static of Static-X,^[158] recorded the band's ninth studio album, The Greater Wrong of the Right, released in 2004 on Synthetic Symphony, a sub-label of SPV.^[159] The album, described by Key as being based in "pseudopop",^[160] received generally favorable reviews from critics^[161] and landed on several Billboard charts.^[162] A music video was made for the song "Pro-Test" which featured a style unlike many of the group's previous work, so much so that some were unsure if it was an official video.^[163]

Skinny Puppy toured North America and Europe in support of the album in 2004, joined by William Morrison on guitar and Justin Bennett on drums.^[164] Shows in Toronto and Montreal were filmed for the live DVD Greater Wrong of the Right Live, which was released in September 2005. The DVD included Information Warfare, a documentary about the U.S.-led wars in Iraq made by Morrison.^[165] The anti-Bush administration stance taken by the band at their live shows drew the ire of PABAAH (Patriotic Americans Boycotting Anti-American Hollywood), which attempted a boycott of college radio stations that played Skinny Puppy.^[166]

Skinny Puppy toured Europe again in 2005,^[167] and returned to the studio to complete their next album, Mythmaker, which was released in January 2007. The album reached No. 4 on the Independent Albums Chart,No. 5 on the Dance/Electronic Albums Chart, and No. 17 on the Heatseekers Chart, but barely broke the Billboard 200.^[168] While some fans longed for the sounds of their earlier days, the band stated their intention to move forward rather than dwell in the past,^[40] and played a mixture of new and old material at their shows, including material from the back catalog that had never been performed live before. The band's 2007 North American and European tour, titled Mythrus, began in May 2007.^[169]

In Solvent See tour and HanDover (2009–2012)[edit]

According to a news posting on the official Skinny Puppy website, the band's next studio album was originally slated for release in October 2009,^[170] but the release of this album has since been delayed due to insolvency issues with the SPV label (thus leading to Ogre naming the 2009 tour the "In Solvent See" tour). These issues were not expected to be resolved until the end of 2009. However, the "In Solvent See" Tour took place as planned, and began on October 30.^[171]

In October 2010, there were reports that the new Skinny Puppy album would be released in February 2011.^[172][173] In May 2011, Skinny Puppy announced that they finished recording a new album titled HanDover, and that they are soliciting it to other record labels for a September 2011 release date.^[174] On August 27, 2011, HanDover was officially confirmed as having an October 25, 2011, release in the United States and an October 28, 2011, release in Europe.^[175] Steven R Gilmore created the artwork for the album once again.

Skinny Puppy were scheduled to perform at numerous European festivals in the summer of 2010, including the Amphi Festival in Germany,^[176] the 2010 Waregem Gothic Festival in Belgium,^[177] and the Recession Festival in Denmark.^[178] A live album, titled Bootlegged, Broke, and In Solvent Seas and recorded on the band's 2010 European tour, was released on June 12, 2012.^[179]

Weapon and subsequent tours (2013–present)[edit]

Skinny Puppy during the Live Shapes for Arms tour

Skinny Puppy announced that a new album, entitled Weapon, would be released on May 28, 2013.^[180] The album was inspired by news brought to the band by a former guard at Guantanamo Bay that their music had been used to torture inmates.^[181] Inspiration also came from the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear disaster and from Ogre's personal views on the human species; in an interview with Vice, Ogre stated that he "view[s] the human being primarily as a weapon, and a lot of the things that we’ve created have had disastrous effects on us as a species".^[182] The album was released to generally favorable reviews from critics,^[183] several noting the 80's-esque musical style,^[184][185] and included a re-hashed version of the Remission-era track "Solvent".^[186]

Key told the Phoenix New Times that the band had been dissatisfied with HanDover's production schedule, noting that it had taken them several years to produce the album. For Weapon, they made a return to the fast-paced, one-song-a-day style of their early years. The decision to remake the song "Solvent" helped to set the album's quickened pace; Key said that the music they were making for the album wouldn't sound correct "If it didn't sound like something we had just made quickly, like in the old days".^[187]

At Primavera Sound, 2017

The band released a music video for the song "Illisit"^[188] and in October 2013, announced their Live Shape For Arms Tour, a North American tour starting in January 2014 at The Observatory in Santa Ana, CA.^[189] In early 2014, Ogre and Key sent an invoice of $666,000 to the US government for the use of their music at Guantanamo Bay, bringing the issue to the attention of mainstream media outlets.^[190] Later in 2014, the Alliance of Sound tour was announced, with performances by Skinny Puppy, VNV Nation, Haujobb, and Youth Code.^[191] However, in early November, Front Line Assembly replaced VNV Nation and the tour was renamed Eye vs. Spy, which was a 17-city North American tour between November 28 to December 20, 2014.^[192]

In June, 2015, Skinny Puppy performed at the Amnesia Rockfest in Montebello, Canada, alongside acts such as Ministry and The Dillinger Escape Plan.^[193] Following two successful tours with Weapon, the band yet again embarked with Youth Code, this time to play shows across North America in 2015 and across Europe in 2017 under the Down the SocioPath tour,^[194] which dropped all Weapon tracks and instead introduced many songs from the band's 1996 album, The Process, which had not been accompanied by any live performances due to the death of Goettel in 1995.^[195] Unlike the previous tours for Weapon, Down the SocioPath scaled back the theatrics and introduced Matthew Setzer as a live guitarist.^[196] Ogre began these concerts in a white hooded robe which was removed to reveal a suit into which a stagehand inserted oversized needles.^[197] The Down the Sociopath Too Euro 2017 leg lasted from May 30 to June 16, 2017.^[198] The tour included stops at the Download Festival in France,^[199]Primavera Sound,^[200] and Wave-Gotik-Treffen.^[201]

Style[edit]

Sound[edit]

	"Morter" "Morter", from The Process, demonstrates the band's departure from the style of previous albums.
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Inspired by the music of Suicide, Cabaret Voltaire, Chrome, Throbbing Gristle,^[42]Nocturnal Emissions, Portion Control, and The Legendary Pink Dots,^[85] music which had been accessible to the band primarily via tape exchange,^[202] Skinny Puppy experimented with analog and digital recording techniques, composing multi-layered music with synthesizers, drum machines, acoustic percussion, tape-splices, found sounds, distortion, samplers, and conventional rock music instruments.^{[203][204][205]} They also incorporated samples from films and radio broadcasts into their songs,^[206] and applied liberal amounts of distortion and other effects to Ogre's vocals,^[207] which are often delivered in a stream of consciousness style.^[208][209] Lyrics commonly reference social and political topics including animal rights,^[62][210]environmental degradation,^[92][210]drug addiction,^[187]suicide,^[211]war,^[212] and the right to privacy.^[213] They have also highlighted events such as the Tiananmen Square protests of 1989^[208] and the AIDS epidemic.^[212] These themes were often lyrically and conceptually intertwined. Skinny Puppy's often informal, improvisational approach to musical composition is indicated by use of the term brap, coined by them and defined as a verb meaning "to get together, hook up electronic instruments, get high, and record".^[214]

Skinny Puppy's musical style has encompassed a wide selection of different genres, ranging from ambient music^[42] and synthpop,^[215] to noise rock^[206] and industrial metal.;^[216] the group is generally considered to be a pioneer of the electro-industrial genre.^[217][8]The Village Voice described Skinny Puppy's early work as "dark electro-pop",^[7] while Bill Coleman of Billboard magazine described Skinny Puppy as a "moody techno-outfit", going on to report their delivery as "aggravating".^[6]People magazine called Ogre's lyrical delivery as "incomprehensible", and likened the group's use of sampling to noises heard on "a TV set in an adjoining hotel room".^[218]AllMusic referred to Skinny Puppy's music as "primal" and " Kraftwerk gone netherworld", going on to state that unlike the bands that followed in their wake, "Ogre and Key knew how to craft tunes and marry them to the most ingenious of sound patterns".^[219] Some of Skinny Puppy's more recent offerings have been placed in genres such as glitch^[220] and intelligent dance music.^[221]

Ogre said in an interview with the Auxiliary Magazine in June 2013, "there is a very military side to Industrial music, and we are far more in the psychedelic side."^[222]

Music videos[edit]

The music videos presented by Skinny Puppy are often graphic and disturbing in nature, featuring heavy uses of blood, gore, and violence. It is because of this nature that the majority of the group's videos have received little commercial airplay, or have been banned outright.^[21][105] The music video for "Stairs and Flowers" was banned by the Canadian Censorship Bureau because of scenes depicting "an excrement-covered woman being beaten by soldiers". The woman in question was in fact a mud soaked Nivek Ogre.^[223] The letterbox effect seen in the "Dig It" video was accused by the Bureau and as well as MuchMusic to be portraying pornography; the letterbox actually portrayed stock market footage.^[224] Also banned was the video for "Testure", an action resulting from a poll held by CityTV,^[21] and the video for the song "Worlock" was banned from MTV.^[21][225] Ogre, a self-described horror fan,^[226] defended the "Worlock" video by saying "I knew there was no way they'd play "Worlock' there [the United States]. But I went out to make that video so no one would play it!";^[105] Ogre has affirmed that the video was meant to draw attention to censorship in horror films.^[105] Some of Skinny Puppy's music videos have received airplay, such as those for the promotional singles "Killing Game"^[227] and "Pro-test";^[228] "Dig It" was also occasionally played on MTV.^[46] A 30-second television promo was produced for the band by Capital Records in 1987, featuring a mix of scenes from the "Stairs and Flowers" and "Dig It" videos.^[229]

In a 1990 radio interview, Dwayne Goettel explained the group's outlook on music videos, stating that "it's great to do videos when you have the money to do them, but for Skinny Puppy's part it's less of a promotional tool". He continued that "[touring] is our promotion and word of mouth and the record itself". Goettel explained further that "when a video gets made its not like 'OK we're going to spend $50,000 and it's going to sell this many more records'".^[230]

Live performances[edit]

Skinny Puppy is noted for theatrical and controversial live performances which blend performance art with music,^[40] especially in an ambitious period that spanned their Head Trauma (1987-1988), VIVIsectVI (1988), Too Dark Park (1990), and Last Rights (1992) tours. Ogre has been critical of the band's early performances, telling Spin magazine in 1992 that "I would do things on stage that would blow-they just wouldn't work".^[231] Live performances involved periods of musical improvisation, film projections, and elaborate stage props and machines, many of which are designed and built by Ogre himself.^[232] While discussing Skinny Puppy's performances, Ogre once remarked that "our shows combine images with theater. It works better than just coming out and doing a horror magic routine".^[231]

Nivek Ogre and cEvin Key performing live in 2014

On-stage theatrics included Ogre being suspended from racks and cables, play with a hangman's noose, Key cutting steel with an angle grinder, and mock executions of Ogre and George H.W. Bush.^[166] Following the 2004 Presidential Election in the United States, promoters began to ask the band to refrain from using fake blood during their performances. This reaction was prompted by the performance of a mock execution on stage, during which Ogre was decapitated by actors dressed as then U.S. President George W. Bush and Vice President Dick Cheney.^[224] The band was also asked by Samsung (who had been asked by Ogre to sponsor the band with a large flat screen) to "not insult the president" while performing on stage.^[224] In a 1987 television interview with Kim Clarke Champniss, Key explained that while Ogre follows a "rough guideline" during a live performance, a majority of his on-stage theatrics are thought up of spontaneously. Key told Champniss that Ogre's demeanor on stage could "range from just a sort of laid back kind of lurking to a rampant psycho".^[233] Ogre once remarked that touring was, for himself, like "dating hydrogen peroxide", referencing the numerous injuries which he would acquire over the course of touring.^[105]

Though Ogre and Key have remained the only constant members of Skinny Puppy's live act since the death of Dwayne Goettel, several other musicians have been hired to accompany the pair since 2004. They include drummer Justin Bennett,^[234] guitarist William Morrison,^[235] and guitarist Matthew Setzer.^[236]

Influence and legacy[edit]

	"Testure" One of the more influential Skinny Puppy songs, "Testure" was the most successful single from VIVIsectVI.
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Despite little mainstream airplay, several Skinny Puppy releases have charted in North America and Europe, and their influence on industrial and electronic music is considerable. Widely considered originators of a unique sound and live performance style,^{[41][237][238]} Skinny Puppy are also known as pioneers of industrial rock and electro-industrial,^[41][239] genres in which they may be seen to have spawned "a litter of like-minded bands".^[41] Their influence extends from independent acts like Tin Omen, to industrial rock stars Nine Inch Nails, who opened for Skinny Puppy for a short time on their 1988 North American tour.^[240]Trent Reznor also acknowledged that Skinny Puppy's "Dig It" inspired the very first Nine Inch Nails track written, "Down in It".^[241]:38 Canadian synthpop artist Grimes includes Skinny Puppy as an influence on her music, having grown up in Vancouver's industrial music scene.^[242][243] Sara Taylor of the EBM group Youth Code has said that the song "Worlock" was "one of the most influential songs" she had ever heard.^[244] Other artists that have been impacted by Skinny Puppy's music include Marilyn Manson,^[245][246]Chester Bennington,^[247]3Teeth,^[248]Foals vocalist Yannis Philippakis,^[249]Al Jourgensen,^[13]X Marks the Pedwalk, Wumpscut, Haujobb,^[250]Orgy,^[251][252]Filter,^[253][254]Front Line Assembly,^[255]Orphx,^[256]Crystal Castles,^[257] and Mayhem vocalist Attila Csihar.^[258]

The band inspired a tribute album, Hymns of the Worlock: A Tribute to Skinny Puppy published by Cleopatra Records, which features groups such as Crocodile Shop and The Electric Hellfire Club.^[259] Skinny Puppy's remix album Remix Dystemper, published by Nettwerk Productions, includes contributions from a wide array of musicians such as electronic music DJ Josh Wink, Guru, KMFDM, Deftones, and former Nine Inch Nails drummer Chris Vrenna.^[260] Vrenna's solo project, Tweaker, opened for Skinny Puppy during their 2004 North American tour.^[261][262]Danny Carey from Tool and Wayne Static of Static-X provided drums and backup vocals, respectively, for the song "Use Less" from The Greater Wrong of the Right.^[263]

Ogre worked with KMFDM on several occasions, touring with them in 1997^[264] and providing vocals on the song "Torture" from their album Symbols (the song also features production from Dave Ogilvie)^[265] as well as for the songs "That's All" and "Full Worm Garden" from 1999's Adios.^[266] Skinny Puppy also provided a remix for the Mötley Crüe song "Hooligan's Holiday"; Nikki Sixx reported that the band "just dumped the whole song in the computer and went off".^[267]

Skinny Puppy's music has been included in the soundtracks of films such as Bad Influence,^[268]An American Werewolf in Paris,^[269]The Blair Witch Project,^[270]Underworld,^[157] and Saw II,^[271] among others. The group was given a brief role as the "gang of goons" in the 1995 dark comedy film The Doom Generation.^[224] The 1996 Video Game Descent II included original music from Ogre and Mark Walk,^[272] while the 2014 PlayStation exclusive LittleBigPlanet 3 featured the song "Rodent" from the album Rabies.^[273]

While discussing the possibility of Nine Inch Nails being inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame, Richard Patrick of the band Filter remarked "what about Skinny Puppy?", going on to say that while Nine Inch Nails is the more famous of the two, Skinny Puppy were one of the first groups to craft "scary and mean" industrial music.^[253]

Side projects[edit]

ohGr performing live in Chicago, 2008

Key and Ogre are active in a number of other projects besides Skinny Puppy. Key has released several solo albums including Music for Cats and The Ghost of Each Room in 1998 and 2001, respectively.^[145][274]Doubting Thomas, a project led by Key and the late Dwayne Goettel, was an outlet for mostly instrumental compositions (save for several film and television samples).^[275] The projects only releases were Father Don't Cry in 1990 and The Infidel in 1991, both released through Wax Trax! Records.^[276]Download was founded by Key and Goettel in 1995 and included the assistance of frequent Skinny Puppy contributors Ken Marshall and Anthony Valcic.^[141] The group has released a number of records since its formation^[277] and notably provided the soundtrack album Charlie's Family in 1997 for the film The Manson Family, directed by Jim Van Bebber; the film was released six years after the album.^[278] Bebber had approached Key to produce the soundtrack, having previously directed several Skinny Puppy videos as well as the short horror film Chunk Blower, which starred Goettel and Bill Leeb of Front Line Assembly.^[278][279] Other notable projects include The Tear Garden with Edward Ka-Spel for The Legendary Pink Dots,^[143]platEAU with Phil Western,^[280] and Cyberaktif with Goettel and Leeb.^[281] Key also works as Scaremeister, his film scoring alter ego, having previously contributed to John Debney's score for End of Days.^[282] Scaremeister composed the album 31 Spirits, a collection of short musical pieces which have been used in the trailers of numerous films such as Inglorious Basterds, My Bloody Valentine, and The Book of Eli.^[283][284]

Ogre's main project outside Skinny Puppy is ohGr, which has released four albums, Welt (2001), SunnyPsyOp (2003), Devils in my Details (2008), and UnDeveloped (2011).^[285] In the mid-nineties, Ogre and producer Martin Atkins created the project known as Rx (formerly known as Ritalin).^[286] Rx released only one album, Bedside Toxicology, in 1998.^[150] He also toured extensively with Pigface (1991–1995)^[108] and Ministry (1987–1990)^[78] and appeared on a number of Pigface and Ministry-related recordings.^[287]

Guantanamo Bay torture allegations[edit]

	"VX Gas Attack" A clip from the bootlegged version of "VX Gas Attack" that was used for torture.
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Skinny Puppy have accused the US military of using their music to torture inmates at their Guantanamo Bay detention facility, without the band's knowledge or permission. In response, the band have sent an "invoice" to the Pentagon.^[288]

Members[edit]

Current[edit]

• 
  Nivek Ogre – vocals, keyboards (1982–1995, 2003–present)


• 
  cEvin Key – drums, guitars, bass guitars, synthesizers (1982–1995, 2003–present)


• 
  Mark Walk – guitars, bass guitars, drums, keyboards, synthesizers (2003–present)

Former[edit]

• 
  Dwayne Goettel – keyboards, synthesizers, guitar, bass guitar (1986–1995; died 1995)


• 
  Bill Leeb – bass synth, backing vocals (1984–1986)

Touring[edit]

• 
  Justin Bennett – drums


• 
  Matthew Setzer – guitar


• 
  William Morrison – guitar

Timeline[edit]

Discography[edit]

• 
  Bites (1985)


• 
  Mind: The Perpetual Intercourse (1986)


• 
  Cleanse Fold and Manipulate (1987)


• 
  VIVIsectVI (1988)


• 
  Rabies (1989)


• 
  Too Dark Park (1990)


• 
  Last Rights (1992)


• 
  The Process (1996)


• 
  The Greater Wrong of the Right (2004)


• 
  Mythmaker (2007)


• 
  hanDover (2011)


• 
  Weapon (2013)

Videography[edit]

• 
  Ain't It Dead Yet?, 1991, VHS/DVD
  
  • Live performance at The Concert Hall, Toronto, Ontario, May 31 and June 1, 1987.


• 
  Video Collection (1984-1992), 1996, VHS/DVD
  
  • Includes videos for "Dig It", "Stairs and Flowers", "Far Too Frail" (live footage 1985), "Smothered Hope" (live footage 1985), "Deep Down Trauma Hounds" (live footage from the 1987 Ain't It Dead Yet? performance), "Testure", "Spasmolytic", and "Killing Game".


• 
  Brap: Back and Forth Series 3 & 4, 1996, 2-CD
  
  • Includes a number of video clips on those editions which included a CD-ROM portion.


• 
  Greater Wrong of the Right LIVE, 2005, 2-DVD
  
  • Live performances in Toronto, Ontario, and Montreal, Quebec in late 2004. Also includes videos for "Pro-Test", "Spasmolytic" (live footage 1990), and "Love In Vein" (live footage 1992).


• A number of other, promo-only videos were released, including "State Aid" (live footage 1988), "Worlock" (1990), "Candle" (1996), "Curcible" (1996), "Hardset Head" (1996), and "Haze" (2007).

See also[edit]

• Go Ask Ogre


• List of bands from British Columbia


• Music of Vancouver

References[edit]

Citations[edit]

Bibliography[edit]

Further reading[edit]

• Interviews in IndustrialnatioN Magazine Issue No. 5, Issue No. 13, & Issue No. 21.

External links[edit]

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Skinny Puppy.

• Official website