Location of Konstanz within Konstanz district
Coordinates: 47°40′N 9°11′E / 47.667°N 9.183°E / 47.667; 9.183 Coordinates: 47°40′N 9°11′E / 47.667°N 9.183°E / 47.667; 9.183 Country Germany State Baden-Württemberg Admin. region Freiburg District Konstanz Government • Lord Mayor Area • Total 55.65 km2 (21.49 sq mi) Elevation 405 m (1,329 ft) Population (2017-12-31)[1] • Total 84,440 • Density 1,500/km2 (3,900/sq mi) Time zone Postal codes 78462–78467 Dialling codes 07531, 07533 Vehicle registration KN Website www.konstanz.de Konstanz (pronounced [ˈkɔnstants] , locally [ˈkɔnʃtants] ; formerly English: Constance , Czech: Kostnice , Latin: Constantia ) is a university city with approximately 83,000 inhabitants located at the western end of Lake Constance in the south of Germany, bordering Switzerland. The city houses the University of Konstanz and was for more than 1200 years residence of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Konstanz.
Contents 1 Location 2 Subdivisions 3 History 4 Image gallery 5 Climate 6 Main sights 7 International relations 8 Transport 9 World Heritage Site 10 Notable people 10.1 Early times to 1800 10.2 From 1801-1900 10.3 From 1901 to modern times 11 See also 12 References 13 External links Location
The Imperia at the Lake Constance harbour of Konstanz is the city's famous landmark
Konstanz is situated on Lake Constance (Bodensee in German). The Rhine river, which starts in the Swiss Alps, passes through Lake Constance and leaves it, considerably larger, by flowing under a bridge connecting the two parts of the city. North of the river lies the larger part of the city with residential areas, industrial estates, and the University of Konstanz; while south of the river is the old town, which houses the administrative centre and shopping facilities in addition to the Hochschule or the University of Applied Sciences . Car ferries provide access across Lake Constance to Meersburg, and the Katamaran provides a shuttle service for pedestrians to Friedrichshafen. At the old town's southern border lies the Swiss town of Kreuzlingen.
Subdivisions Konstanz is subdivided into 15 wards or districts (Stadtteile ). The island of Mainau belonged to the ward of Litzelstetten, a separate municipality until its incorporation into Konstanz on December 1, 1971.
History
Schnetztor , a section of the former city wall.
Konstanz
Marktstätte , the main square in the old town.
See also: Bishopric of Constance
The first traces of civilization in Konstanz date back to the late Stone Age. Drusomagus and belonged to the Roman province of Raetia . Its later name, originally Constantia , comes either from the Roman emperor Constantius Chlorus, who fought the Alemanni in the region and built a strong fortress around 300 AD, or from his grandson Constantius II, who visited the region in 354. The remains of the late Roman fortress Constantia were discovered in 2003.
Around 585 the first bishop took up residence in Konstanz and this marked the beginning of the city's importance as a spiritual centre. By the late Middle Ages, about one quarter of Konstanz's 6,000 inhabitants were exempt from taxation on account of clerical rights.
Trade thrived during the Middle Ages. Konstanz owned the only bridge in the region, which crossed the Rhine, making it a strategic location in the Duchy of Swabia. Its linen production had made an international name for the city and it was prosperous. In 1192, Konstanz gained the status of Imperial City so it was henceforth subject only to the Holy Roman Emperor.
In 1414 to 1418, the Council of Constance took place, during which, on 6 July 1415, John Hus (Czech religious thinker, philosopher and reformer), who was seen as a threat to Christianity by the Roman Catholic Church, was burned at the stake. It was here that the Papal Schism was ended and Pope Martin V was elected during the only conclave ever held north of the Alps. Ulrich von Richental's illustrated chronicle of the Council of Constance testifies to all the major happenings during the Council as well as showing the everyday life of medieval Konstanz. The Konzilgebäude where the conclave was held can still be seen standing by the harbour. Close by stands the Imperia , a statue that was erected in 1993 to satirically commemorate the Council.
In 1460, the Swiss Confederacy conquered Thurgau, Konstanz's natural hinterland. Konstanz then made an attempt to get admitted to the Swiss Confederacy, but the forest cantons voted against its entry, fearing over-bearing city states; Konstanz then joined the Swabian League instead. In the Swabian War of 1499, Konstanz lost its last privileges over Thurgau to the Confederation.
The Protestant Reformation took hold in Konstanz in the 1520s, headed by Ambrosius Blarer. Soon the city declared itself officially Protestant, pictures were removed from the churches, and the bishop temporarily moved to Meersburg, a small town across the lake. The city first followed the Tetrapolitan Confession, and then the Augsburg Confession. However, in 1548 Emperor Charles V imposed the Imperial Ban on Konstanz and it had to surrender to Habsburg Austria which had suddenly attacked. Thus Konstanz lost its status as an imperial city.
The city became part of the Grand Duchy of Baden in 1806. In 1821, the Bishopric of Constance was dissolved and became part of the Archdiocese of Freiburg. Konstanz became part of the German Empire in 1871 during the unification of Germany. After World War I it was included within the Republic of Baden.
Memorial to the murdered Jews of Konstanz
On 22 October 1940, 110 of the last Jewish residents were deported to Gurs internment camp in France. Most of those who were still alive in August 1942 were murdered in either Sobibór or Auschwitz.
Because it almost lies within Switzerland, directly adjacent to the Swiss border, Konstanz was not bombed by the Allied Forces during World War II. The city left all its lights on at night, and thus fooled the bombers into thinking it was actually part of Switzerland. After the war, Konstanz was included first in South Baden and then in the new state of Baden-Württemberg.
The Altstadt (Old Town), which is large considering the small size of modern Konstanz, has many old buildings and twisting alleys. The city skyline is dominated by the majestic "Münster" Cathedral ("Münster Unserer Lieben Frau"), several other churches and three towers left over from the city wall, one of which marks the place of the former medieval bridge over the Rhine.
The University of Konstanz was established close to the town in 1966. It houses an excellent library with approximately two million books, all freely accessible 24 hours a day, as well as a botanical garden (the Botanischer Garten der Universität Konstanz). Especially since 2007, the university, being one of the nine German universities most successful in the German Universities Excellence Initiative, has gained considerable reputation as a so-called "elite university".
Konstanz was the birthplace of Count Ferdinand von Zeppelin, constructor of the famous Zeppelin airships.
Swiss shoppers returning to their home country from Konstanz on weekends
In the late 2010s, Konstanz has become a popular destination for Einkaufstourism , or cross-border shopping by Swiss due to lower prices on basic items in Germany, a favorable exchange rate between the Swiss franc and the euro, and a generous German VAT refund for non-European Union residents. Retail chains such as H&M and dm have built large new stores near the town's central square to cater to this trade, and some Konstanz residents feel the city is losing its historic character in the process; many of them avoid the area on Saturdays. This has led to friction with officials from Kreuzlingen as their city has seen no economic benefit from this trade, and they have been requesting that their national government bring up the issue of the VAT refund with Germany.[2]
Image gallery The late Roman fortress Constantia at the Münsterplatz .
The Konzilgebäude in Konstanz.
The plaque on the house where Jan Hus stayed in 1414.
Largest groups of foreign residents Nationality Population (2014) 1,627 1,132 568 565 500 381
Climate Its location by a lake in south-west Germany gives Konstanz an oceanic climate (Cfb) with warm, humid summers and cold winters.
Climate data for Konstanz, Germany for 1981–2010 (Source: DWD) Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year Average high °C (°F) 3.2 5.1 10.4 17.0 21.9 24.9 26.7 26.6 21.9 17.3 7.6 4.1 14.34 Average low °C (°F) −2.3 −2.0 1.0 3.8 8.2 11.5 13.5 13.3 10.1 6.4 1.7 −0.9 5.4 Average precipitation mm (inches) 44.0 45.0 54.7 61.5 89.2 98.3 97.4 89.3 76.7 62.7 60.0 66.1 844.78 Mean monthly sunshine hours 50.2 81.9 135.3 176.9 209.9 225.3 249.2 225.6 160.1 98.8 53.8 40.6 1,707.66 Source: Data derived from Deutscher Wetterdienst[3]
Main sights Archaeological Museum Imperia , a 9 m-tall sculptureJan Hus Museum Konstanz Cathedral Konzil edifice, dating to the 15th centuryNiederburg (Lower Castle) Petershausen Abbey Remains of a Roman fortress, near the Cathedral Schnetztor , fortified gate of the former city wallsKonstanz was also home to a large synagogue, destroyed by the Nazi government in 1938.
International relations See also: List of twin towns and sister cities in Germany
Konstanz is twinned with:
Transport Konstanz station is served by the Upper Rhine Railway running west to Singen with connections to all parts of Germany, and the Etzwilen–Konstanz line running south into Switzerland, connecting to major routes at Weinfelden. Services are provided by the Deutsche Bahn AG and also the Swiss Thurbo company and its German subsidiary. The nearest airport is at Friedrichshafen, which can be reached by a fast ferry service on the lake, which also connects Konstanz to other lakeside towns. The airport mainly hosts domestic flights, but flights to Austria and Turkey are available. The nearest international airports are in Stuttgart, in Basel, and Zürich, which has a direct train from Konstanz. Bus services within the city are provided by Stadtwerke Konstanz GmbH.
Additionally Konstanz and Friedrichshafen have been connected by the two (since 2008, three) catamarans Constance and Fridolin since 2005.
World Heritage Site It is home to one or more prehistoric pile-dwelling (or stilt house) settlements that are part of the Prehistoric Pile dwellings around the Alps UNESCO World Heritage Site.[4]
Notable people Early times to 1800 Johannes Matthaeus Wacker von Wackenfels (1550–1619) active diplomat, scholar and author, with an avid interest in history and philosophy. A follower of Neostoicism Anna Marie Ellenrieder (1791–1863) German painter From 1801-1900 Heinrich Ernst Kromer (1866–1948), painter, sculptor, writer Wilhelm von Scholz (1874–1969), writer and dramatist Walter Julius Viktor Schoeller (1880–1965), chemist, chief representative and head of research at Schering AG, friend of Otto Hahn and Wilhelm Traube Jacob Picard, origin. Jacob Pickard , pseud. J. P. cheeks (1883–1967), writer Michaela von Neipperg (1885–1957), Countess and Benedictine nun, religious superior at the Municipal Women's Clinic Konstanz Melanie Risch (1887–1944), victim of Nazism From 1901 to modern times Gerda Bormann (1909–1946), spouse of NSDAP-politician Martin Bormann, private secretary of Adolf Hitler, Julius Federer (1911–1984), jurist Karl Schiess (1914–1999), jurist, politician (CDU), minister and lawyer Hermann Viellieber (1917–1993), politician (CDU), Member of Landtag Hans Maria Wingler (1920–1984), art historian and founder of Bauhaus-Archive Rosemarie Banholzer (born 1925), dialect author Berthold Keller (1927–2012), trade unionist Martin Elsässer (born 1933), diplomat Hermann Vogler (born 1944), Lord Mayor of Ravensburg Hans-Peter Repnik (born 1947), politician (CDU), Member of Bundestag, secretary of state (1989–1994), Friedhelm Repnik (born 1949), Social minister of Baden-Württemberg 1998-2004 Horst Frank (born 1949), jurist, Lord Mayor of Konstanz 1996-2012 Annik Rubens See also Alexander-von-Humboldt-Gymnasium Cathedral of Konstanz University of Konstanz References ^ "Bevölkerung nach Nationalität und Geschlecht am 31. Dezember 2017". Statistisches Landesamt Baden-Württemberg (in German). 2018. .mw-parser-output cite.citationfont-style:inherit.mw-parser-output qquotes:"""""""'""'".mw-parser-output code.cs1-codecolor:inherit;background:inherit;border:inherit;padding:inherit.mw-parser-output .cs1-lock-free abackground:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/9px-Lock-green.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center.mw-parser-output .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .cs1-lock-registration abackground:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-gray-alt-2.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center.mw-parser-output .cs1-lock-subscription abackground:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-red-alt-2.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registrationcolor:#555.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription span,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration spanborder-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-errordisplay:none;font-size:100%.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-errorfont-size:100%.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration,.mw-parser-output .cs1-formatfont-size:95%.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-leftpadding-left:0.2em.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-rightpadding-right:0.2em ^ Gagnon, Milan (March 6, 2017). "The Swiss Invasion". Slate . Retrieved March 6, 2017 . ^ "Ausgabe der Klimadaten: Monatswerte". ^ Centre, UNESCO World Heritage. "Prehistoric Pile Dwellings around the Alps". whc.unesco.org . External links Wikimedia Commons has media related to Konstanz
Wikivoyage has a travel guide for Konstanz
"Constance". Encyclopædia Britannica . 6 (11th ed.). 1911. Official website (in German) Konstanz: history and imagesUniversity of Konstanz Pictures Konstanz Online journal about Constance University of Applied Sciences Photos of the Carnival (~Shrovetide, ~Mardi Grass) in Constance Towns and municipalities in Konstanz (district)
Aach Allensbach Bodman-Ludwigshafen Büsingen am Hochrhein Eigeltingen Engen Gaienhofen Gailingen Gottmadingen Hilzingen Hohenfels Konstanz Moos Mühlhausen-Ehingen Mühlingen Öhningen Orsingen-Nenzingen Radolfzell Reichenau Rielasingen-Worblingen Singen Steißlingen Stockach Tengen Volkertshausen
WorldCat Identities BNF: cb119341372 (data) GND: 4032215-4 HDS: 7046 LCCN: n79090081 NKC: ge134284 VIAF: 236686730
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