Was the transatlantic crossing for Concorde too short to reach optimal cruising altitude?










24












$begingroup$


When listening to Gander/Shannon ATC on shortwave, you could hear Concorde communicate its planned flight levels at longitudes from 20 West till 50 West. What I remember is that it would continue climbing to, say, flight level 570 at 30 West and then descent. So, it seems that it never reached cruising altitude, it would climb until halfway on the Atlantic and then start to descent again.










share|improve this question











$endgroup$
















    24












    $begingroup$


    When listening to Gander/Shannon ATC on shortwave, you could hear Concorde communicate its planned flight levels at longitudes from 20 West till 50 West. What I remember is that it would continue climbing to, say, flight level 570 at 30 West and then descent. So, it seems that it never reached cruising altitude, it would climb until halfway on the Atlantic and then start to descent again.










    share|improve this question











    $endgroup$














      24












      24








      24


      1



      $begingroup$


      When listening to Gander/Shannon ATC on shortwave, you could hear Concorde communicate its planned flight levels at longitudes from 20 West till 50 West. What I remember is that it would continue climbing to, say, flight level 570 at 30 West and then descent. So, it seems that it never reached cruising altitude, it would climb until halfway on the Atlantic and then start to descent again.










      share|improve this question











      $endgroup$




      When listening to Gander/Shannon ATC on shortwave, you could hear Concorde communicate its planned flight levels at longitudes from 20 West till 50 West. What I remember is that it would continue climbing to, say, flight level 570 at 30 West and then descent. So, it seems that it never reached cruising altitude, it would climb until halfway on the Atlantic and then start to descent again.







      altitude concorde






      share|improve this question















      share|improve this question













      share|improve this question




      share|improve this question








      edited Nov 13 '18 at 21:44









      Ari Brodsky

      1093




      1093










      asked Nov 13 '18 at 18:25









      Count IblisCount Iblis

      22626




      22626




















          3 Answers
          3






          active

          oldest

          votes


















          41












          $begingroup$

          The simple answer is that the Concorde had no single assigned altitude, it was allowed to climb freely above ~FL450; this is discussed in depth in episode 166 – Flying the Concorde (worth the listen as it answers just about every Concorde question!). As @pilothead alludes to in their answer it climbed as it burned fuel but the aircraft never actually initiated a climb, it simply drifted up as it burned fuel and became lighter.



          Also discussed in the episode is the complex approach and departure procedure. Due to the fuel burn schedule the Concorde did not really have the ability to hold for more than a single lap in a holding pattern or do a stepped climb with some route adjustments like many airliners. They had a special departure procedure that was more or less runway to cruise with no interruptions and a similar descent option. So the flight was effectively a climb to cruise block then a glide down right to landing. Depending on the wind and conditions of any given day as well as the load on board, the cruise altitude could vary greatly.






          share|improve this answer











          $endgroup$








          • 24




            $begingroup$
            The Concorde cruise climb would actually be the most efficient cruise procedure for all aircraft, anyway, but no other aircraft are allowed this due to traffic density. Normal aircraft approximate this by step climbing a couple of thousand feet every few hours. Concorde was very much alone at her altitude, hence a gradual climb didn’t risk any loss of separation with other traffic.
            $endgroup$
            – Cpt Reynolds
            Nov 13 '18 at 19:45






          • 4




            $begingroup$
            Link for what @CptReynolds said: Step Climb. As the aircraft changes weight the efficient altitude changes. Apparently conventional aircraft used to cruise climb, but since the skies are pretty busy now isn't no longer an option. Interesting read.
            $endgroup$
            – Nathan Cooper
            Nov 14 '18 at 10:53



















          20












          $begingroup$

          Concorde had a 10,000fpm climb and a max altitude of 60,000ft, so time to climb was not a problem. It had an optimum cruise altitude that varied with weight, so as it burned fuel it climbed higher to stay on the optimum.



          There were no other aircraft operating at those altitudes, so it would get clearances to climb 15,000ft at a time and would cruise climb throughout the trip until descent to destination was required.






          share|improve this answer









          $endgroup$












          • $begingroup$
            Is there a link to graph/formula of optimum cruise altitude vs weight?
            $endgroup$
            – smci
            Nov 14 '18 at 5:38










          • $begingroup$
            @smci It is more complex than just weight. I found a repository of the flight manuals but it is thousands of pages. If you are interested avialogs.com/index.php/en/aircraft/europe-and-consortiums/…
            $endgroup$
            – Pilothead
            Nov 14 '18 at 20:01










          • $begingroup$
            can you just tell us the first-order approximation to the relationship between optimum cruise altitude vs weight?
            $endgroup$
            – smci
            Nov 15 '18 at 11:54


















          4












          $begingroup$

          Amazing how we humans skew altitude and distance. 60,000 feet up is 12 miles. Transatlantic 2400 miles.
          The climb would be a gradient of 12 miles vertical/1200 miles horizontal x 100% = 1.0%



          I daresay the Concorde could climb a bit faster.
          A 1.0% gradient would be barely noticeable in an automobile.



          Miles units cancel, answer expressed in %. Good job nitpickers!






          share|improve this answer











          $endgroup$








          • 13




            $begingroup$
            This answer does not have any sources (and doesn't make any strong claims at all) and may be more fitting as a comment.
            $endgroup$
            – 0xdd
            Nov 13 '18 at 20:40






          • 1




            $begingroup$
            On the other hand, a freight train climbing that same grade (12 miles in 1200) could be handled by normal locomotive allocation if they didn't mind it going slower than normal. If speed is a factor, e.g. Fast container train, it will get helper units added mid-train simply to keep speed up.
            $endgroup$
            – Harper
            Nov 13 '18 at 23:19







          • 4




            $begingroup$
            Math nitpick: it should be "x 100%" (="x 1"), not just "x 100".
            $endgroup$
            – amI
            Nov 14 '18 at 4:03






          • 3




            $begingroup$
            @RobertDiGiovanni User aml is right though. 12/1200 * 100 = 1200/1200 = 1 and 1% = 1/100, from which follows that LHS and RHS of your post's equation can't be equivalent.
            $endgroup$
            – Inarion
            Nov 14 '18 at 12:38







          • 8




            $begingroup$
            Better nitpick: There should be no x 100. 12/1200 is 1%. 12/1200 x 100 is 100%.
            $endgroup$
            – pipe
            Nov 14 '18 at 12:39











          Your Answer





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          3 Answers
          3






          active

          oldest

          votes








          3 Answers
          3






          active

          oldest

          votes









          active

          oldest

          votes






          active

          oldest

          votes









          41












          $begingroup$

          The simple answer is that the Concorde had no single assigned altitude, it was allowed to climb freely above ~FL450; this is discussed in depth in episode 166 – Flying the Concorde (worth the listen as it answers just about every Concorde question!). As @pilothead alludes to in their answer it climbed as it burned fuel but the aircraft never actually initiated a climb, it simply drifted up as it burned fuel and became lighter.



          Also discussed in the episode is the complex approach and departure procedure. Due to the fuel burn schedule the Concorde did not really have the ability to hold for more than a single lap in a holding pattern or do a stepped climb with some route adjustments like many airliners. They had a special departure procedure that was more or less runway to cruise with no interruptions and a similar descent option. So the flight was effectively a climb to cruise block then a glide down right to landing. Depending on the wind and conditions of any given day as well as the load on board, the cruise altitude could vary greatly.






          share|improve this answer











          $endgroup$








          • 24




            $begingroup$
            The Concorde cruise climb would actually be the most efficient cruise procedure for all aircraft, anyway, but no other aircraft are allowed this due to traffic density. Normal aircraft approximate this by step climbing a couple of thousand feet every few hours. Concorde was very much alone at her altitude, hence a gradual climb didn’t risk any loss of separation with other traffic.
            $endgroup$
            – Cpt Reynolds
            Nov 13 '18 at 19:45






          • 4




            $begingroup$
            Link for what @CptReynolds said: Step Climb. As the aircraft changes weight the efficient altitude changes. Apparently conventional aircraft used to cruise climb, but since the skies are pretty busy now isn't no longer an option. Interesting read.
            $endgroup$
            – Nathan Cooper
            Nov 14 '18 at 10:53
















          41












          $begingroup$

          The simple answer is that the Concorde had no single assigned altitude, it was allowed to climb freely above ~FL450; this is discussed in depth in episode 166 – Flying the Concorde (worth the listen as it answers just about every Concorde question!). As @pilothead alludes to in their answer it climbed as it burned fuel but the aircraft never actually initiated a climb, it simply drifted up as it burned fuel and became lighter.



          Also discussed in the episode is the complex approach and departure procedure. Due to the fuel burn schedule the Concorde did not really have the ability to hold for more than a single lap in a holding pattern or do a stepped climb with some route adjustments like many airliners. They had a special departure procedure that was more or less runway to cruise with no interruptions and a similar descent option. So the flight was effectively a climb to cruise block then a glide down right to landing. Depending on the wind and conditions of any given day as well as the load on board, the cruise altitude could vary greatly.






          share|improve this answer











          $endgroup$








          • 24




            $begingroup$
            The Concorde cruise climb would actually be the most efficient cruise procedure for all aircraft, anyway, but no other aircraft are allowed this due to traffic density. Normal aircraft approximate this by step climbing a couple of thousand feet every few hours. Concorde was very much alone at her altitude, hence a gradual climb didn’t risk any loss of separation with other traffic.
            $endgroup$
            – Cpt Reynolds
            Nov 13 '18 at 19:45






          • 4




            $begingroup$
            Link for what @CptReynolds said: Step Climb. As the aircraft changes weight the efficient altitude changes. Apparently conventional aircraft used to cruise climb, but since the skies are pretty busy now isn't no longer an option. Interesting read.
            $endgroup$
            – Nathan Cooper
            Nov 14 '18 at 10:53














          41












          41








          41





          $begingroup$

          The simple answer is that the Concorde had no single assigned altitude, it was allowed to climb freely above ~FL450; this is discussed in depth in episode 166 – Flying the Concorde (worth the listen as it answers just about every Concorde question!). As @pilothead alludes to in their answer it climbed as it burned fuel but the aircraft never actually initiated a climb, it simply drifted up as it burned fuel and became lighter.



          Also discussed in the episode is the complex approach and departure procedure. Due to the fuel burn schedule the Concorde did not really have the ability to hold for more than a single lap in a holding pattern or do a stepped climb with some route adjustments like many airliners. They had a special departure procedure that was more or less runway to cruise with no interruptions and a similar descent option. So the flight was effectively a climb to cruise block then a glide down right to landing. Depending on the wind and conditions of any given day as well as the load on board, the cruise altitude could vary greatly.






          share|improve this answer











          $endgroup$



          The simple answer is that the Concorde had no single assigned altitude, it was allowed to climb freely above ~FL450; this is discussed in depth in episode 166 – Flying the Concorde (worth the listen as it answers just about every Concorde question!). As @pilothead alludes to in their answer it climbed as it burned fuel but the aircraft never actually initiated a climb, it simply drifted up as it burned fuel and became lighter.



          Also discussed in the episode is the complex approach and departure procedure. Due to the fuel burn schedule the Concorde did not really have the ability to hold for more than a single lap in a holding pattern or do a stepped climb with some route adjustments like many airliners. They had a special departure procedure that was more or less runway to cruise with no interruptions and a similar descent option. So the flight was effectively a climb to cruise block then a glide down right to landing. Depending on the wind and conditions of any given day as well as the load on board, the cruise altitude could vary greatly.







          share|improve this answer














          share|improve this answer



          share|improve this answer








          edited Nov 13 '18 at 21:46









          FreeMan

          7,7451060125




          7,7451060125










          answered Nov 13 '18 at 19:17









          DaveDave

          68.3k4130247




          68.3k4130247







          • 24




            $begingroup$
            The Concorde cruise climb would actually be the most efficient cruise procedure for all aircraft, anyway, but no other aircraft are allowed this due to traffic density. Normal aircraft approximate this by step climbing a couple of thousand feet every few hours. Concorde was very much alone at her altitude, hence a gradual climb didn’t risk any loss of separation with other traffic.
            $endgroup$
            – Cpt Reynolds
            Nov 13 '18 at 19:45






          • 4




            $begingroup$
            Link for what @CptReynolds said: Step Climb. As the aircraft changes weight the efficient altitude changes. Apparently conventional aircraft used to cruise climb, but since the skies are pretty busy now isn't no longer an option. Interesting read.
            $endgroup$
            – Nathan Cooper
            Nov 14 '18 at 10:53













          • 24




            $begingroup$
            The Concorde cruise climb would actually be the most efficient cruise procedure for all aircraft, anyway, but no other aircraft are allowed this due to traffic density. Normal aircraft approximate this by step climbing a couple of thousand feet every few hours. Concorde was very much alone at her altitude, hence a gradual climb didn’t risk any loss of separation with other traffic.
            $endgroup$
            – Cpt Reynolds
            Nov 13 '18 at 19:45






          • 4




            $begingroup$
            Link for what @CptReynolds said: Step Climb. As the aircraft changes weight the efficient altitude changes. Apparently conventional aircraft used to cruise climb, but since the skies are pretty busy now isn't no longer an option. Interesting read.
            $endgroup$
            – Nathan Cooper
            Nov 14 '18 at 10:53








          24




          24




          $begingroup$
          The Concorde cruise climb would actually be the most efficient cruise procedure for all aircraft, anyway, but no other aircraft are allowed this due to traffic density. Normal aircraft approximate this by step climbing a couple of thousand feet every few hours. Concorde was very much alone at her altitude, hence a gradual climb didn’t risk any loss of separation with other traffic.
          $endgroup$
          – Cpt Reynolds
          Nov 13 '18 at 19:45




          $begingroup$
          The Concorde cruise climb would actually be the most efficient cruise procedure for all aircraft, anyway, but no other aircraft are allowed this due to traffic density. Normal aircraft approximate this by step climbing a couple of thousand feet every few hours. Concorde was very much alone at her altitude, hence a gradual climb didn’t risk any loss of separation with other traffic.
          $endgroup$
          – Cpt Reynolds
          Nov 13 '18 at 19:45




          4




          4




          $begingroup$
          Link for what @CptReynolds said: Step Climb. As the aircraft changes weight the efficient altitude changes. Apparently conventional aircraft used to cruise climb, but since the skies are pretty busy now isn't no longer an option. Interesting read.
          $endgroup$
          – Nathan Cooper
          Nov 14 '18 at 10:53





          $begingroup$
          Link for what @CptReynolds said: Step Climb. As the aircraft changes weight the efficient altitude changes. Apparently conventional aircraft used to cruise climb, but since the skies are pretty busy now isn't no longer an option. Interesting read.
          $endgroup$
          – Nathan Cooper
          Nov 14 '18 at 10:53












          20












          $begingroup$

          Concorde had a 10,000fpm climb and a max altitude of 60,000ft, so time to climb was not a problem. It had an optimum cruise altitude that varied with weight, so as it burned fuel it climbed higher to stay on the optimum.



          There were no other aircraft operating at those altitudes, so it would get clearances to climb 15,000ft at a time and would cruise climb throughout the trip until descent to destination was required.






          share|improve this answer









          $endgroup$












          • $begingroup$
            Is there a link to graph/formula of optimum cruise altitude vs weight?
            $endgroup$
            – smci
            Nov 14 '18 at 5:38










          • $begingroup$
            @smci It is more complex than just weight. I found a repository of the flight manuals but it is thousands of pages. If you are interested avialogs.com/index.php/en/aircraft/europe-and-consortiums/…
            $endgroup$
            – Pilothead
            Nov 14 '18 at 20:01










          • $begingroup$
            can you just tell us the first-order approximation to the relationship between optimum cruise altitude vs weight?
            $endgroup$
            – smci
            Nov 15 '18 at 11:54















          20












          $begingroup$

          Concorde had a 10,000fpm climb and a max altitude of 60,000ft, so time to climb was not a problem. It had an optimum cruise altitude that varied with weight, so as it burned fuel it climbed higher to stay on the optimum.



          There were no other aircraft operating at those altitudes, so it would get clearances to climb 15,000ft at a time and would cruise climb throughout the trip until descent to destination was required.






          share|improve this answer









          $endgroup$












          • $begingroup$
            Is there a link to graph/formula of optimum cruise altitude vs weight?
            $endgroup$
            – smci
            Nov 14 '18 at 5:38










          • $begingroup$
            @smci It is more complex than just weight. I found a repository of the flight manuals but it is thousands of pages. If you are interested avialogs.com/index.php/en/aircraft/europe-and-consortiums/…
            $endgroup$
            – Pilothead
            Nov 14 '18 at 20:01










          • $begingroup$
            can you just tell us the first-order approximation to the relationship between optimum cruise altitude vs weight?
            $endgroup$
            – smci
            Nov 15 '18 at 11:54













          20












          20








          20





          $begingroup$

          Concorde had a 10,000fpm climb and a max altitude of 60,000ft, so time to climb was not a problem. It had an optimum cruise altitude that varied with weight, so as it burned fuel it climbed higher to stay on the optimum.



          There were no other aircraft operating at those altitudes, so it would get clearances to climb 15,000ft at a time and would cruise climb throughout the trip until descent to destination was required.






          share|improve this answer









          $endgroup$



          Concorde had a 10,000fpm climb and a max altitude of 60,000ft, so time to climb was not a problem. It had an optimum cruise altitude that varied with weight, so as it burned fuel it climbed higher to stay on the optimum.



          There were no other aircraft operating at those altitudes, so it would get clearances to climb 15,000ft at a time and would cruise climb throughout the trip until descent to destination was required.







          share|improve this answer












          share|improve this answer



          share|improve this answer










          answered Nov 13 '18 at 19:04









          PilotheadPilothead

          9,33722759




          9,33722759











          • $begingroup$
            Is there a link to graph/formula of optimum cruise altitude vs weight?
            $endgroup$
            – smci
            Nov 14 '18 at 5:38










          • $begingroup$
            @smci It is more complex than just weight. I found a repository of the flight manuals but it is thousands of pages. If you are interested avialogs.com/index.php/en/aircraft/europe-and-consortiums/…
            $endgroup$
            – Pilothead
            Nov 14 '18 at 20:01










          • $begingroup$
            can you just tell us the first-order approximation to the relationship between optimum cruise altitude vs weight?
            $endgroup$
            – smci
            Nov 15 '18 at 11:54
















          • $begingroup$
            Is there a link to graph/formula of optimum cruise altitude vs weight?
            $endgroup$
            – smci
            Nov 14 '18 at 5:38










          • $begingroup$
            @smci It is more complex than just weight. I found a repository of the flight manuals but it is thousands of pages. If you are interested avialogs.com/index.php/en/aircraft/europe-and-consortiums/…
            $endgroup$
            – Pilothead
            Nov 14 '18 at 20:01










          • $begingroup$
            can you just tell us the first-order approximation to the relationship between optimum cruise altitude vs weight?
            $endgroup$
            – smci
            Nov 15 '18 at 11:54















          $begingroup$
          Is there a link to graph/formula of optimum cruise altitude vs weight?
          $endgroup$
          – smci
          Nov 14 '18 at 5:38




          $begingroup$
          Is there a link to graph/formula of optimum cruise altitude vs weight?
          $endgroup$
          – smci
          Nov 14 '18 at 5:38












          $begingroup$
          @smci It is more complex than just weight. I found a repository of the flight manuals but it is thousands of pages. If you are interested avialogs.com/index.php/en/aircraft/europe-and-consortiums/…
          $endgroup$
          – Pilothead
          Nov 14 '18 at 20:01




          $begingroup$
          @smci It is more complex than just weight. I found a repository of the flight manuals but it is thousands of pages. If you are interested avialogs.com/index.php/en/aircraft/europe-and-consortiums/…
          $endgroup$
          – Pilothead
          Nov 14 '18 at 20:01












          $begingroup$
          can you just tell us the first-order approximation to the relationship between optimum cruise altitude vs weight?
          $endgroup$
          – smci
          Nov 15 '18 at 11:54




          $begingroup$
          can you just tell us the first-order approximation to the relationship between optimum cruise altitude vs weight?
          $endgroup$
          – smci
          Nov 15 '18 at 11:54











          4












          $begingroup$

          Amazing how we humans skew altitude and distance. 60,000 feet up is 12 miles. Transatlantic 2400 miles.
          The climb would be a gradient of 12 miles vertical/1200 miles horizontal x 100% = 1.0%



          I daresay the Concorde could climb a bit faster.
          A 1.0% gradient would be barely noticeable in an automobile.



          Miles units cancel, answer expressed in %. Good job nitpickers!






          share|improve this answer











          $endgroup$








          • 13




            $begingroup$
            This answer does not have any sources (and doesn't make any strong claims at all) and may be more fitting as a comment.
            $endgroup$
            – 0xdd
            Nov 13 '18 at 20:40






          • 1




            $begingroup$
            On the other hand, a freight train climbing that same grade (12 miles in 1200) could be handled by normal locomotive allocation if they didn't mind it going slower than normal. If speed is a factor, e.g. Fast container train, it will get helper units added mid-train simply to keep speed up.
            $endgroup$
            – Harper
            Nov 13 '18 at 23:19







          • 4




            $begingroup$
            Math nitpick: it should be "x 100%" (="x 1"), not just "x 100".
            $endgroup$
            – amI
            Nov 14 '18 at 4:03






          • 3




            $begingroup$
            @RobertDiGiovanni User aml is right though. 12/1200 * 100 = 1200/1200 = 1 and 1% = 1/100, from which follows that LHS and RHS of your post's equation can't be equivalent.
            $endgroup$
            – Inarion
            Nov 14 '18 at 12:38







          • 8




            $begingroup$
            Better nitpick: There should be no x 100. 12/1200 is 1%. 12/1200 x 100 is 100%.
            $endgroup$
            – pipe
            Nov 14 '18 at 12:39















          4












          $begingroup$

          Amazing how we humans skew altitude and distance. 60,000 feet up is 12 miles. Transatlantic 2400 miles.
          The climb would be a gradient of 12 miles vertical/1200 miles horizontal x 100% = 1.0%



          I daresay the Concorde could climb a bit faster.
          A 1.0% gradient would be barely noticeable in an automobile.



          Miles units cancel, answer expressed in %. Good job nitpickers!






          share|improve this answer











          $endgroup$








          • 13




            $begingroup$
            This answer does not have any sources (and doesn't make any strong claims at all) and may be more fitting as a comment.
            $endgroup$
            – 0xdd
            Nov 13 '18 at 20:40






          • 1




            $begingroup$
            On the other hand, a freight train climbing that same grade (12 miles in 1200) could be handled by normal locomotive allocation if they didn't mind it going slower than normal. If speed is a factor, e.g. Fast container train, it will get helper units added mid-train simply to keep speed up.
            $endgroup$
            – Harper
            Nov 13 '18 at 23:19







          • 4




            $begingroup$
            Math nitpick: it should be "x 100%" (="x 1"), not just "x 100".
            $endgroup$
            – amI
            Nov 14 '18 at 4:03






          • 3




            $begingroup$
            @RobertDiGiovanni User aml is right though. 12/1200 * 100 = 1200/1200 = 1 and 1% = 1/100, from which follows that LHS and RHS of your post's equation can't be equivalent.
            $endgroup$
            – Inarion
            Nov 14 '18 at 12:38







          • 8




            $begingroup$
            Better nitpick: There should be no x 100. 12/1200 is 1%. 12/1200 x 100 is 100%.
            $endgroup$
            – pipe
            Nov 14 '18 at 12:39













          4












          4








          4





          $begingroup$

          Amazing how we humans skew altitude and distance. 60,000 feet up is 12 miles. Transatlantic 2400 miles.
          The climb would be a gradient of 12 miles vertical/1200 miles horizontal x 100% = 1.0%



          I daresay the Concorde could climb a bit faster.
          A 1.0% gradient would be barely noticeable in an automobile.



          Miles units cancel, answer expressed in %. Good job nitpickers!






          share|improve this answer











          $endgroup$



          Amazing how we humans skew altitude and distance. 60,000 feet up is 12 miles. Transatlantic 2400 miles.
          The climb would be a gradient of 12 miles vertical/1200 miles horizontal x 100% = 1.0%



          I daresay the Concorde could climb a bit faster.
          A 1.0% gradient would be barely noticeable in an automobile.



          Miles units cancel, answer expressed in %. Good job nitpickers!







          share|improve this answer














          share|improve this answer



          share|improve this answer








          edited Nov 15 '18 at 7:59

























          answered Nov 13 '18 at 19:44









          Robert DiGiovanniRobert DiGiovanni

          2,6181316




          2,6181316







          • 13




            $begingroup$
            This answer does not have any sources (and doesn't make any strong claims at all) and may be more fitting as a comment.
            $endgroup$
            – 0xdd
            Nov 13 '18 at 20:40






          • 1




            $begingroup$
            On the other hand, a freight train climbing that same grade (12 miles in 1200) could be handled by normal locomotive allocation if they didn't mind it going slower than normal. If speed is a factor, e.g. Fast container train, it will get helper units added mid-train simply to keep speed up.
            $endgroup$
            – Harper
            Nov 13 '18 at 23:19







          • 4




            $begingroup$
            Math nitpick: it should be "x 100%" (="x 1"), not just "x 100".
            $endgroup$
            – amI
            Nov 14 '18 at 4:03






          • 3




            $begingroup$
            @RobertDiGiovanni User aml is right though. 12/1200 * 100 = 1200/1200 = 1 and 1% = 1/100, from which follows that LHS and RHS of your post's equation can't be equivalent.
            $endgroup$
            – Inarion
            Nov 14 '18 at 12:38







          • 8




            $begingroup$
            Better nitpick: There should be no x 100. 12/1200 is 1%. 12/1200 x 100 is 100%.
            $endgroup$
            – pipe
            Nov 14 '18 at 12:39












          • 13




            $begingroup$
            This answer does not have any sources (and doesn't make any strong claims at all) and may be more fitting as a comment.
            $endgroup$
            – 0xdd
            Nov 13 '18 at 20:40






          • 1




            $begingroup$
            On the other hand, a freight train climbing that same grade (12 miles in 1200) could be handled by normal locomotive allocation if they didn't mind it going slower than normal. If speed is a factor, e.g. Fast container train, it will get helper units added mid-train simply to keep speed up.
            $endgroup$
            – Harper
            Nov 13 '18 at 23:19







          • 4




            $begingroup$
            Math nitpick: it should be "x 100%" (="x 1"), not just "x 100".
            $endgroup$
            – amI
            Nov 14 '18 at 4:03






          • 3




            $begingroup$
            @RobertDiGiovanni User aml is right though. 12/1200 * 100 = 1200/1200 = 1 and 1% = 1/100, from which follows that LHS and RHS of your post's equation can't be equivalent.
            $endgroup$
            – Inarion
            Nov 14 '18 at 12:38







          • 8




            $begingroup$
            Better nitpick: There should be no x 100. 12/1200 is 1%. 12/1200 x 100 is 100%.
            $endgroup$
            – pipe
            Nov 14 '18 at 12:39







          13




          13




          $begingroup$
          This answer does not have any sources (and doesn't make any strong claims at all) and may be more fitting as a comment.
          $endgroup$
          – 0xdd
          Nov 13 '18 at 20:40




          $begingroup$
          This answer does not have any sources (and doesn't make any strong claims at all) and may be more fitting as a comment.
          $endgroup$
          – 0xdd
          Nov 13 '18 at 20:40




          1




          1




          $begingroup$
          On the other hand, a freight train climbing that same grade (12 miles in 1200) could be handled by normal locomotive allocation if they didn't mind it going slower than normal. If speed is a factor, e.g. Fast container train, it will get helper units added mid-train simply to keep speed up.
          $endgroup$
          – Harper
          Nov 13 '18 at 23:19





          $begingroup$
          On the other hand, a freight train climbing that same grade (12 miles in 1200) could be handled by normal locomotive allocation if they didn't mind it going slower than normal. If speed is a factor, e.g. Fast container train, it will get helper units added mid-train simply to keep speed up.
          $endgroup$
          – Harper
          Nov 13 '18 at 23:19





          4




          4




          $begingroup$
          Math nitpick: it should be "x 100%" (="x 1"), not just "x 100".
          $endgroup$
          – amI
          Nov 14 '18 at 4:03




          $begingroup$
          Math nitpick: it should be "x 100%" (="x 1"), not just "x 100".
          $endgroup$
          – amI
          Nov 14 '18 at 4:03




          3




          3




          $begingroup$
          @RobertDiGiovanni User aml is right though. 12/1200 * 100 = 1200/1200 = 1 and 1% = 1/100, from which follows that LHS and RHS of your post's equation can't be equivalent.
          $endgroup$
          – Inarion
          Nov 14 '18 at 12:38





          $begingroup$
          @RobertDiGiovanni User aml is right though. 12/1200 * 100 = 1200/1200 = 1 and 1% = 1/100, from which follows that LHS and RHS of your post's equation can't be equivalent.
          $endgroup$
          – Inarion
          Nov 14 '18 at 12:38





          8




          8




          $begingroup$
          Better nitpick: There should be no x 100. 12/1200 is 1%. 12/1200 x 100 is 100%.
          $endgroup$
          – pipe
          Nov 14 '18 at 12:39




          $begingroup$
          Better nitpick: There should be no x 100. 12/1200 is 1%. 12/1200 x 100 is 100%.
          $endgroup$
          – pipe
          Nov 14 '18 at 12:39

















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