Werndl–Holub rifle
| M1867 Werndl–Holub | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Type | Service rifle |
| Place of origin | Austria-Hungary |
| Service history | |
| In service | 1867–1918 |
| Used by | Afghanistan[1] Principality of Albania[2] Kingdom of Yugoslavia[11] |
| Wars | Krivošije uprising 1869 Herzegovina uprising 1875–1877[12] Polish–Soviet War 1919-1921 (limited)[17] |
| Production history | |
| Designer | Josef Werndl and Karel Holub |
| Designed | 1860s |
| Manufacturer | up to 1873 Josef und Franz Werndl & Comp. and also F. Fruwirth a Bentz, after 1873 only Werndl's factory OEWG- Oesterreichische Waffenfabriks- Gesellschaft in Steyr |
| Produced | 1867–1888 |
No. built | 500,000 (approx.) |
| Variants | M1873 M67/77 M73/77 Extra-Corps Carbine Finance-Gewehr Carbine Cavalry Carbine |
| Specifications | |
| Mass | 9.65 lb (4.4 kg) |
| Length | 50.4 in (128.0 cm) |
Barrel length | 33.3 in (84.6 cm) |
| Cartridge | 11.15×42mmR (M1867) 11×58mmR (1877 Upgrade) |
| Caliber | 11.15 mm |
| Action | Rotating drum bolt |
| Feed system | Single-shot breech-loading |
| Sights | Iron sights |
The M1867 Werndl–Holub was a single-shot breechloading rifle that the Austro-Hungarian army adopted in 1867. It replaced the Wanzl breechloader conversion of the muzzle-loading Lorenz rifle. Josef Werndl (1831–1889) and Karel Holub (1830–1903) designed and patented their rifle; Werndl later bought out all the rights, but was involved in name only.
The unique breechloading system of the Werndl
ŒWG (Österreichische Waffenfabriksgesellschaft) produced the Werndl and chambered it for the 11mm scharfe Patrone M.67[15] (11.15×42mmR) cartridge. In 1877, the military rechambered the Werndl for the bottleneck 11mm scharfe Patrone M.77 (11.15×58mmR) cartridge.
In spite of the Werndl being long obsolete by World War I, the Austro-Hungarian forces issued Werndl rifles to rear-echelon units to free up more modern rifles for use by front-line troops.[15]
Comparison with contemporary rifles
| Calibre | System | Country | Velocity | Height of trajectory | Ammunition | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Muzzle | 500 yd (460 m) | 1,000 yd (910 m) | 1,500 yd (1,400 m) | 2,000 yd (1,800 m) | 500 yd (460 m) | 1,000 yd (910 m) | 1,500 yd (1,400 m) | 2,000 yd (1,800 m) | Propellant | Bullet | |||
| .433 in (11.0 mm) | Werndl–Holub rifle | Austria-Hungary | 1,439 ft/s (439 m/s) | 854 ft/s (260 m/s) | 620 ft/s (190 m/s) | 449 ft/s (137 m/s) | 328 ft/s (100 m/s) | 8.252 ft (2.515 m) | 49.41 ft (15.06 m) | 162.6 ft (49.6 m) | 426.0 ft (129.8 m) | 77 gr (5.0 g) | 370 gr (24 g) |
| .45 in (11.43 mm) | Martini–Henry | United Kingdom | 1,315 ft/s (401 m/s) | 869 ft/s (265 m/s) | 664 ft/s (202 m/s) | 508 ft/s (155 m/s) | 389 ft/s (119 m/s) | 9.594 ft (2.924 m) | 47.90 ft (14.60 m) | 147.1 ft (44.8 m) | 357.85 ft (109.07 m) | 85 gr (5.5 g) | 480 gr (31 g) |
| .433 in (11.0 mm) | Fusil Gras mle 1874 | France | 1,489 ft/s (454 m/s) | 878 ft/s (268 m/s) | 643 ft/s (196 m/s) | 471 ft/s (144 m/s) | 348 ft/s (106 m/s) | 7.769 ft (2.368 m) | 46.6 ft (14.2 m) | 151.8 ft (46.3 m) | 389.9 ft (118.8 m) | 80 gr (5.2 g) | 386 gr (25.0 g) |
| .433 in (11.0 mm) | Mauser Model 1871 | Germany | 1,430 ft/s (440 m/s) | 859 ft/s (262 m/s) | 629 ft/s (192 m/s) | 459 ft/s (140 m/s) | 388 ft/s (118 m/s) | 8.249 ft (2.514 m) | 48.68 ft (14.84 m) | 159.2 ft (48.5 m) | 411.1 ft (125.3 m) | 75 gr (4.9 g) | 380 gr (25 g) |
| .408 in (10.4 mm) | M1870 Italian Vetterli | Italy | 1,430 ft/s (440 m/s) | 835 ft/s (255 m/s) | 595 ft/s (181 m/s) | 422 ft/s (129 m/s) | 304 ft/s (93 m/s) | 8.527 ft (2.599 m) | 52.17 ft (15.90 m) | 176.3 ft (53.7 m) | 469.9 ft (143.2 m) | 62 gr (4.0 g) | 310 gr (20 g) |
| .397 in (10.08 mm) | Jarmann M1884 | Norway and Sweden | 1,536 ft/s (468 m/s) | 908 ft/s (277 m/s) | 675 ft/s (206 m/s) | 504 ft/s (154 m/s) | 377 ft/s (115 m/s) | 7.235 ft (2.205 m) | 42.97 ft (13.10 m) | 137.6 ft (41.9 m) | 348.5 ft (106.2 m) | 77 gr (5.0 g) | 337 gr (21.8 g) |
| .42 in (10.67 mm) | Berdan rifle | Russia | 1,444 ft/s (440 m/s) | 873 ft/s (266 m/s) | 645 ft/s (197 m/s) | 476 ft/s (145 m/s) | 353 ft/s (108 m/s) | 7.995 ft (2.437 m) | 47.01 ft (14.33 m) | 151.7 ft (46.2 m) | 388.7 ft (118.5 m) | 77 gr (5.0 g) | 370 gr (24 g) |
| .45 in (11.43 mm) | Springfield model 1884 | United States | 1,301 ft/s (397 m/s) | 875 ft/s (267 m/s) | 676 ft/s (206 m/s) | 523 ft/s (159 m/s) | 404 ft/s (123 m/s) | 8.574 ft (2.613 m) | 46.88 ft (14.29 m) | 142.3 ft (43.4 m) | 343.0 ft (104.5 m) | 70 gr (4.5 g) | 500 gr (32 g) |
| .40 in (10.16 mm) | Enfield-Martini | United Kingdom | 1,570 ft/s (480 m/s) | 947 ft/s (289 m/s) | 719 ft/s (219 m/s) | 553 ft/s (169 m/s) | 424 ft/s (129 m/s) | 6.704 ft (2.043 m) | 39.00 ft (11.89 m) | 122.0 ft (37.2 m) | 298.47 ft (90.97 m) | 85 gr (5.5 g) | 384 gr (24.9 g) |
See also
 | Wikimedia Commons has media related to Werndl rifle. |
- Weaponry of the Austro-Hungarian Empire
Mannlicher M1886 – the next Austro-Hungarian service rifle
References
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^ https://books.google.cz/books?id=i2IpDAAAQBAJ&pg=PA44&lpg=PA44&dq=werndl+Albania&source=bl&ots=7f3v-5toLX&sig=JIHNfO6K1PjrvGlYQbUSTCMCQT4&hl=cs&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwj66NHWreLcAhXHN8AKHTZWDsMQ6AEwDnoECAcQAQ#v=onepage&q=werndl&f=false
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^ electricpulp.com. "FIREARMS i. HISTORY – Encyclopaedia Iranica". Iranicaonline.org. Retrieved 5 August 2018.
^ "RIA: Gewehr 29/40 Mauser". Forgottenweapons.com. 8 February 2016. Retrieved 5 August 2018.
^ "OKOP - Sklep z Militariami Kolekcjonerska Broń Deko". Okop.com.pl. Retrieved 5 August 2018.
^ "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 10 August 2018. Retrieved 24 July 2018.CS1 maint: Archived copy as title (link)
^ https://ospreypublishing.com/blog/osprey_remembers_4
^ "ČASOPIS ZA ZGODOVINO IN NARODOPISJE : Review for History and Ethnography" (PDF). Sistory.si. Retrieved 5 August 2018.
^ Teinović, Bratislav. "Srpski ustanak u Bosni 1875-1878., Banjaluka 2006". Academia.edu. Retrieved 5 August 2018.
^ Farmanfarmaian, Roxane (30 January 2008). "War and Peace in Qajar Persia: Implications Past and Present". Routledge. p. 63. Retrieved 5 August 2018 – via Google Books.
^ https://www.forgottenweapons.com/1867-werndl-video/
^ abc Scarlata, Paul (1 August 2011). "Austro-Hungarian Rifles of World War 1 – Part One: Many Peoples – Many Rifles!". Shotgun News. 65 (21): 48.
^ https://snn.sk/sokolstvo-v-bojoch-o-slovensko/
^ https://dobroni.pl/n/karabin-i-karabinek/12612
^ "The New Martini-Enfield Rifle" (PDF). The Engineer. 2 July 1886. p. 16. Retrieved 3 April 2017 – via Grace's Guide to British Industrial History.
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