Musca sorbens
Clash Royale CLAN TAG#URR8PPP
| Bazaar fly | |
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Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Diptera |
| Section: | Schizophora |
| Family: | Muscidae |
| Subfamily: | Muscinae |
| Tribe: | Muscini |
| Genus: | Musca |
| Species: | M. sorbens |
Binomial name | |
Musca sorbens Wiedemann, 1830 | |
Musca sorbens, the bazaar fly or eye-seeking fly, is a close relative of, and very similar in appearance to, the housefly (Musca domestica). It is found in tropical and subtropical Africa, Asia and the Pacific region.[1] It breeds in excreta, especially human faeces, and is the main insect vector of trachoma, a major cause of blindness.
Contents
1 Distribution
2 Life cycle
3 Relationship with humans
4 References
Distribution
Bazaar flies are found in parts of Africa, Asia and the Pacific area. The flies need temperatures between about 16 to 40 °C (61 to 104 °F), with 28 °C (82 °F) being optimal, and a humidity level of over 85%. The flies are more abundant at low and medium altitudes and in summer rather than winter.[2]
Life cycle
After mating, female flies seek out suitable places to lay their eggs. Bazaar flies are most attracted to human faeces on the ground (they will not breed in covered pit latrines). If no human faeces are available, the excreta of other animals will suffice. The larvae develop in the faeces and die if the excreta dries out or becomes too hot. When developed, the larvae pupate, undergo metamorphosis and emerge as adult flies. The time from egg-laying to adult emergence averages nine days.[3]
The bazaar fly is a prolific species: theoretically, if all its progeny survived, a single female fly kept at 28 °C (82 °F) could produce 17.8 million offspring within eleven weeks.[4] The quality of the emerging adult flies (as measured by head breadth) is better from human faeces than from those of any other animal; these larger flies are likely to be more fecund and have longer lives, thus producing more offspring.[3]
Relationship with humans
Fly on cheek: the bazaar fly is the principal insect vector of trachoma
This fly lives in close proximity to humans; it probably coevolved with humans in Africa, spreading with them to other parts of Africa and Asia. It is not found in the Americas.[4] Bazaar flies are a nuisance, disturbing people at leisure and at work, but they are principally disliked because of their habit of settling on people's faces (particularly around the eyes) and on sweaty skin, seeking out bodily secretions and suppurating wounds.
The bazaar fly is a vector for trachoma, a disease caused by the bacterium Chlamydia trachomatis, which can result in blindness.[1] Research in The Gambia suggests that young children are the main reservoir of the bacteria and that this fly is the principal insect vector of trachoma infection.[5] Worldwide, trachoma results in the visual impairment of over two million people and the blindness of 1.2 million and is the main cause of preventable blindness.[6]
References
^ ab Service, Mike (2008). Medical Entomology for Students. Cambridge University Press. pp. 135–141. ISBN 978-0-521-70928-6..mw-parser-output cite.citationfont-style:inherit.mw-parser-output qquotes:"""""""'""'".mw-parser-output code.cs1-codecolor:inherit;background:inherit;border:inherit;padding:inherit.mw-parser-output .cs1-lock-free abackground:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/9px-Lock-green.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center.mw-parser-output .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .cs1-lock-registration abackground:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-gray-alt-2.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center.mw-parser-output .cs1-lock-subscription abackground:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-red-alt-2.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registrationcolor:#555.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription span,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration spanborder-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-errordisplay:none;font-size:100%.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-errorfont-size:100%.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration,.mw-parser-output .cs1-formatfont-size:95%.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-leftpadding-left:0.2em.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-rightpadding-right:0.2em
^ Ramesh, Anita; Bristow, Julie; Kovats, Sari; Lindsay, Steven W.; Haslam, Dominic; Schmidt, Elena; Gilbert, Clare (2016). "The impact of climate on the abundance of Musca sorbens, the vector of trachoma". Parasites and Vectors. 9 (48): 28–32. doi:10.1186/s13071-016-1330-y.CS1 maint: Multiple names: authors list (link)
^ ab Emerson, P.M.; Bailey, R.L.; Walraven, G.E.; Lindsay, S.W.; (2001). "Human and other faeces as breeding media of the trachoma vector Musca sorbens". Medical and veterinary entomology. 15 (3): 314–320. doi:10.1046/j.0269-283x.2001.00318.x.CS1 maint: Multiple names: authors list (link)
^ ab Emerson, Paul. "Excreta, Flies and Trachoma". WELL Factsheet. Retrieved 27 September 2017.
^ Emerson, P.M.; Bailey, R.L.; Mahdi, O.S.; Walraven, G.E.; Lindsay, S.W. (2000). "Transmission ecology of the fly Musca sorbens, a putative vector of trachoma". Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene. 94 (1): 28–32. PMID 10748893.CS1 maint: Multiple names: authors list (link)
^ Boyd, Kierstan (14 October 2015). "What is trachoma?". American Academy of Ophthalmology. Retrieved 28 September 2017.
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