awk: extract string from a field [closed]

in the input fields are separated by pipe sign:

CCCC|Sess C1|s1 DA=yy07:@##;/u/t/we
DDDDD|Sess C2|s4 DB=yy8:@##;/u/ba


I want to get output where last field is changed (extracted only what is between first = and : in this field

expected output is:

CCCC|Sess C1|yy07
DDDDD|Sess C2|yy8


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=

:

3 Answers
3

standard awk is not very good at extracting data out of fields based on patterns. Some options include:

awk

split()

match()

RSTART

RLENGTH

subtr()

So here:

awk -F'|' -v OFS='|' '
split($3, a, /[=:]/) >= 2 print $1, $2, a[2]' < file.txt


So returns the portion between the first and second occurrence of a = or : in $3.

=

:

$3

Or:

awk -F'|' -v OFS='|' '
match($3, /=[^:]*/)
print $1, $2, substr($3, RSTART+1, RLENGTH-1)
' < file.txt


GNU awk has a gensub() extension which brings the functionality of sed's s command into awk:

awk

gensub()

sed

s

awk

gawk -F'|' -v OFS='|' '
$3 ~ /=/
print $1, $2, gensub(/^[^=]*=([^:]*).*/, "\1", 1, $3)
' < file.txt


Looks for = followed by any number of non-:s and extracts the part after =. The problem with gensub() is that you can't easily tell if the substitution was successful or not, hence the check that $3 contains = first.

=

:

=

gensub()

$3

=

With sed:

sed

sed -n 's/^([^|]*|[^|]*|)[^=|]*=([^:|]*).*/12/p' < file.txt


With perl:

perl

perl -F'[|]' -lane 'print "$F[0]|$F[1]|$1" if $F[2] =~ /=([^:]*)/' < file.txt


awk -F '|' -v OFS='|' 'print $1,$2,gensub(/^[^=]*=([^:]*).*$/, "\1", "1", $3)' < file.txt

$3 = gensub(...

I would try

awk -F| 'BEGIN ";
col=index($3,":");
equ=index($3,"=");
$3=substr($3,equ+1,col-equ-1);
print ; ' se


where

-F|

|

equ=index($3,"=");

$3=substr($3,equ+1,col-equ-1);

The first sub removes the first sixth characters in field 3 and second sub
removes everything after colon including.

awk -F| 'sub(/.6/,"",$3)sub(/:.*/,"")1' OFS=| file