18th United States Congress

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18th United States Congress


17th ←

→ 19th


USCapitol1827A.gif

United States Capitol (1827)

March 4, 1823 – March 4, 1825
Senate President
Daniel D. Tompkins (DR)
Senate President pro tem
John Gaillard (DR)
House Speaker
Henry Clay (DR)
Members48 senators
213 members of the House
3 non-voting delegates
Senate MajorityDemocratic-Republican
House MajorityDemocratic-Republican
Sessions

1st: December 1, 1823 – May 27, 1824
2nd: December 6, 1824 – March 3, 1825

The Eighteenth United States Congress was a meeting of the legislative branch of the United States federal government, consisting of the United States Senate and the United States House of Representatives. It met in Washington, D.C. from March 4, 1823, to March 4, 1825, during the seventh and eighth years of James Monroe's presidency. The apportionment of seats in the House of Representatives was based on the Fourth Census of the United States in 1820. Both chambers had a Democratic-Republican majority.


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Contents





  • 1 Major events


  • 2 Major legislation


  • 3 Party summary

    • 3.1 Senate


    • 3.2 House of Representatives



  • 4 Leadership

    • 4.1 Senate


    • 4.2 House of Representatives



  • 5 Members

    • 5.1 Senate

      • 5.1.1 Alabama


      • 5.1.2 Connecticut


      • 5.1.3 Delaware


      • 5.1.4 Georgia


      • 5.1.5 Illinois


      • 5.1.6 Indiana


      • 5.1.7 Kentucky


      • 5.1.8 Louisiana


      • 5.1.9 Maine


      • 5.1.10 Maryland


      • 5.1.11 Massachusetts


      • 5.1.12 Mississippi


      • 5.1.13 Missouri


      • 5.1.14 New Hampshire


      • 5.1.15 New Jersey


      • 5.1.16 New York


      • 5.1.17 North Carolina


      • 5.1.18 Ohio


      • 5.1.19 Pennsylvania


      • 5.1.20 Rhode Island


      • 5.1.21 South Carolina


      • 5.1.22 Tennessee


      • 5.1.23 Vermont


      • 5.1.24 Virginia



    • 5.2 House of Representatives

      • 5.2.1 Alabama


      • 5.2.2 Connecticut


      • 5.2.3 Delaware


      • 5.2.4 Georgia


      • 5.2.5 Illinois


      • 5.2.6 Indiana


      • 5.2.7 Kentucky


      • 5.2.8 Louisiana


      • 5.2.9 Maine


      • 5.2.10 Maryland


      • 5.2.11 Massachusetts


      • 5.2.12 Mississippi


      • 5.2.13 Missouri


      • 5.2.14 New Hampshire


      • 5.2.15 New Jersey


      • 5.2.16 New York


      • 5.2.17 North Carolina


      • 5.2.18 Ohio


      • 5.2.19 Pennsylvania


      • 5.2.20 Rhode Island


      • 5.2.21 South Carolina


      • 5.2.22 Tennessee


      • 5.2.23 Vermont


      • 5.2.24 Virginia


      • 5.2.25 Non-voting members




  • 6 Changes in membership

    • 6.1 Senate


    • 6.2 House of Representatives



  • 7 Committees

    • 7.1 Senate


    • 7.2 House of Representatives


    • 7.3 Joint committees



  • 8 Employees

    • 8.1 Senate


    • 8.2 House of Representatives



  • 9 See also


  • 10 References


  • 11 External links




Major events



  • August 1823: Arikara War fought between the Arikara nation and the United States, the first American military conflict with the Plains Indians.

  • December 2, 1823: Monroe Doctrine: President James Monroe delivered a speech to the Congress, announcing a new policy of forbidding European interference in the Americas and establishing American neutrality in future European conflicts.

  • February 9, 1825: John Quincy Adams became the second President of the United States elected by the House of Representatives, as no candidate received a majority of the electoral votes cast in the 1824 presidential election. The House was required to choose between Adams, Andrew Jackson, and William Crawford, with each of the twenty-four states having a single vote. Adams was elected on the first ballot by 13 to 7 to 4.[1]










States for Adams
States for Jackson
States for Crawford

  • Connecticut

  • Illinois

  • Kentucky

  • Louisiana

  • Maine

  • Maryland

  • Massachusetts

  • Missouri

  • New Hampshire

  • New York

  • Ohio

  • Rhode Island

  • Vermont


  • Alabama

  • Indiana

  • Mississippi

  • New Jersey

  • Pennsylvania

  • South Carolina

  • Tennessee


  • Delaware

  • Georgia

  • North Carolina

  • Virginia


Total: 13 (54%)

Total: 7 (29%)

Total: 4 (17%)


Major legislation



  • January 7, 1824: Tariff of 1824, Sess. 1, ch. 4, 4 Stat. 2

  • March 3, 1825: Crimes Act of 1825, Sess. 2, ch. 65, 4 Stat. 115


Party summary


The count below identifies party affiliations at the beginning of the first session of this Congress, and includes members from vacancies and newly admitted states, when they were first seated. Changes resulting from subsequent replacements are shown below in the "Changes in membership" section.



Senate









































Affiliation
Party
(Shading indicates majority caucus)

Total





Democratic-Republican

Federalist
Vacant
Adams-Clay
(A-DR)
Crawford
(C-DR)
Jackson
(J-DR)
Adams-Clay
(A-F)
End of previous Congress
43
4
47
1

Begin
11
20
11
3
45
3
End
12
5
48
0
Final voting share
89.6%
10.4%


Beginning of next Congress

Jacksonian: 25
45
3

Anti-Jacksonian: 20


House of Representatives












































Affiliation
Party
(Shading indicates majority caucus)

Total





Democratic-Republican

Federalist
Vacant
Adams-Clay
(A-DR)
Crawford
(C-DR)
Jackson
(J-DR)
Adams-Clay
(A-F)
Crawford
(C-F)
Jackson
(J-F)
End of previous Congress
154
31
185
2

Begin
71
53
64
15
2
7
212
1
End
72
213
0
Final voting share
88.7%
11.3%


Beginning of next Congress

Jacksonian: 104
213
0

Adams: 109


Leadership




President of the Senate
Daniel D. Tompkins



Senate



  • President: Daniel D. Tompkins (DR)


  • President pro tempore: John Gaillard (DR)


House of Representatives



  • Speaker: Henry Clay (DR)


Members


This list is arranged by chamber, then by state. Senators are listed by class, and Representatives are listed by district.


Skip to House of Representatives, below


Senate


Senators were elected by the state legislatures every two years, with one-third beginning new six-year terms with each Congress. Preceding the names in the list below are Senate class numbers, which indicate the cycle of their election. In this Congress, Class 1 meant their term began in the last Congress, requiring re-election in 1826; Class 2 meant their term began with this Congress, requiring re-election in 1828; and Class 3 meant their term ended with this Congress, requiring re-election in 1824.









House of Representatives


The names of members of the House of Representatives are preceded by their district numbers.










Changes in membership


The count below reflects changes from the beginning of the first session of this Congress.



Senate


  • Deaths: 3

  • Resignations: 3

  • Vacancy: 2

  • Total seats with changes: 8




















































State
(class)
Vacator
Reason for change
Successor
Date of successor's
formal installation

New Jersey
(1)
Vacant

Samuel L. Southard resigned at end of previous Congress.
Successor elected November 12, 1823.

Joseph McIlvaine (A-DR)
November 12, 1823

Delaware
(2)
Vacant
Legislature had failed to elect.
Incumbent was re-elected late January 7, 1824.

Nicholas Van Dyke (A-F)
January 7, 1824

Delaware
(1)
Vacant

Caesar A. Rodney resigned in previous term.
Successor elected January 8, 1824.

Thomas Clayton (A-F)
January 8, 1824

Connecticut
(1)

Elijah Boardman (J-DR)
Died August 18, 1823.
Successor appointed October 8, 1823, and later elected May 5, 1824.

Henry W. Edwards (J-DR)
October 8, 1823

Louisiana
(3)

James Brown (A-DR)
Resigned December 10, 1823, after being appointed Minister to France.
Successor appointed January 15, 1824.

Josiah S. Johnston (A-DR)
January 15, 1824

Illinois
(3)

Ninian Edwards (A-DR)
Resigned March 4, 1824, after being appointed Minister to Mexico.
Successor elected December 6, 1824.

John McLean (C-DR)
December 6, 1824

Louisiana
(2)

Henry Johnson (A-DR)
Resigned May 27, 1824, to run for Governor of Louisiana.
Successor elected November 19, 1824.

Dominique J. Bouligny (A-DR)
November 19, 1824

Virginia
(2)

John Taylor (C-DR)
Died August 21, 1824.
Successor elected December 7, 1824.

Littleton W. Tazewell (J-DR)
December 7, 1824

Georgia
(2)

Nicholas Ware (C-DR)
Died September 7, 1824.
Successor elected December 6, 1824.

Thomas W. Cobb (C-DR)
December 6, 1824


House of Representatives


  • deaths: 3

  • resignations: 5

  • contested election: 2

  • Total seats with changes: 10



























































District
Vacator
Reason for change
Successor
Date of successor's
formal installation

Massachusetts
10th

Vacant

John Bailey was declared not entitled to seat in previous election, and was elected to replace himself in special election

John Bailey (A-DR)
Seated December 13, 1824

New York
28th


William B. Rochester (A-DR)
Resigned April 21, 1823

William Woods (A-DR)
Seated November 3, 1823

Pennsylvania
13th


John Tod (J-DR)
Resigned some time in 1824

Alexander Thomson (J-DR)
Seated December 6, 1824

New York
29th


Isaac Wilson (A-DR)
Lost contested election January 7, 1824

Parmenio Adams (A-DR)
Seated January 7, 1824

Virginia
13th


William Lee Ball (C-DR)
Died February 29, 1824

John Taliaferro (C-DR)
Seated March 24, 1824

North Carolina
2nd


Hutchins G. Burton (C-DR)
Resigned March 23, 1824, after being elected Governor of North Carolina

George Outlaw (C-DR)
Seated January 19, 1825

Pennsylvania
8th


Thomas J. Rogers (J-DR)
Resigned April 20, 1824

George Wolf (J-DR)
Seated December 9, 1824

Indiana
1st


William Prince (J-DR)
Died September 8, 1824

Jacob Call (J-DR)
Seated December 23, 1824

Vermont
3rd


Charles Rich (A-DR)
Died October 15, 1824

Henry Olin (A-DR)
Seated December 13, 1824

Georgia
At-large


Thomas W. Cobb (C-DR)
Resigned December 6, 1824, after being elected to the US Senate

Richard H. Wilde (C-DR)
Seated February 7, 1825


Committees


Lists of committees and their party leaders.



Senate



  • Amendments to the Constitution (Select)

  • Audit and Control the Contingent Expenses of the Senate


  • Banks in Which Deposits Have Been Made (Select)

  • Claims

  • Commerce and Manufactures


  • Debt Imprisonment Abolition (Select)

  • District of Columbia

  • Finance

  • Foreign Relations

  • Indian Affairs

  • Judiciary

  • Manufactures


  • Marquis de La Fayette (Select)


  • Memorial of the Legislature of Arkansas (Select)

  • Military Affairs

  • Militia


  • National Road from Cumberland to Wheeling (Select)

  • Naval Affairs


  • Peale's Portrait of Washington (Select)

  • Pensions

  • Post Office and Post Roads

  • Public Lands


  • Roads and Canals (Select)


  • Tariff Regulation (Select)

  • Whole


House of Representatives


  • Accounts

  • Agriculture


  • Arms Contracts (Select)


  • Banking Memorials (Select)

  • Claims

  • Commerce

  • District of Columbia

  • Elections

  • Expenditures in the Navy Department

  • Expenditures in the Post Office Department

  • Expenditures in the State Department

  • Expenditures in the Treasury Department

  • Expenditures in the War Department

  • Expenditures on Public Buildings

  • Foreign Affairs

  • Indian Affairs

  • Manufactures

  • Military Affairs

  • Naval Affairs

  • Pensions and Revolutionary War Claims

  • Post Office and Post Roads

  • Public Expenditures

  • Public Lands

  • Revisal and Unfinished Business

  • Standards of Official Conduct

  • Ways and Means

  • Whole


Joint committees


  • Enrolled Bills


Employees



  • Architect of the Capitol: Charles Bulfinch


  • Librarian of Congress: George Watterston


Senate



  • Chaplain: William Staughton (Baptist), elected December 10, 1823

    • Charles P. McIlvaine (Episcopalian), elected December 14, 1824


  • Secretary: Charles Cutts


  • Sergeant at Arms: Mountjoy Bayly


House of Representatives



  • Chaplain: Henry B. Bascom (Methodist) elected December 1, 1823

    • Reuben Post (Presbyterian) elected December 6, 1824


  • Clerk: Matthew St. Clair Clarke


  • Doorkeeper: Benjamin Birch


  • Reading Clerks: [Data unknown/missing.]


  • Sergeant at Arms: Thomas Dunn, elected December 1, 1823, died

    • John O. Dunn, elected December 6, 1824


See also



  • United States elections, 1822 (elections leading to this Congress)
    • United States Senate elections, 1822 and 1823

    • United States House of Representatives elections, 1822



  • United States elections, 1824 (elections during this Congress, leading to the next Congress)
    • United States presidential election, 1824

    • United States Senate elections, 1824 and 1825

    • United States House of Representatives elections, 1824



References




  1. ^ Schwarz, Frederic D. (February–March 2000). "1825 One Hundred And Seventy-five Years Ago". American Heritage. Rockville, Maryland: American Heritage Publishing. 51 (1). Retrieved March 18, 2017..mw-parser-output cite.citationfont-style:inherit.mw-parser-output .citation qquotes:"""""""'""'".mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-free abackground:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/9px-Lock-green.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-registration abackground:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-gray-alt-2.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-subscription abackground:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-red-alt-2.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registrationcolor:#555.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription span,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration spanborder-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon abackground:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/12px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center.mw-parser-output code.cs1-codecolor:inherit;background:inherit;border:inherit;padding:inherit.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-errordisplay:none;font-size:100%.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-errorfont-size:100%.mw-parser-output .cs1-maintdisplay:none;color:#33aa33;margin-left:0.3em.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration,.mw-parser-output .cs1-formatfont-size:95%.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-leftpadding-left:0.2em.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-rightpadding-right:0.2em




  • Martis, Kenneth C. (1989). The Historical Atlas of Political Parties in the United States Congress. New York: Macmillan Publishing Company.


  • Martis, Kenneth C. (1982). The Historical Atlas of United States Congressional Districts. New York: Macmillan Publishing Company.


External links


  • Statutes at Large, 1789-1875

  • Senate Journal, First Forty-three Sessions of Congress

  • House Journal, First Forty-three Sessions of Congress

  • Biographical Directory of the U.S. Congress

  • U.S. House of Representatives: House History

  • U.S. Senate: Statistics and Lists







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