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Voivodeships of Poland








Voivodeships of Poland


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Voivodeships of Poland
Województwa Polski (Polish)


CategoryUnitary state
LocationRepublic of Poland
Number16 Voivodeships
Populations1,044,346 (Opole) – 5,164,612 (Masovian)
Areas9,413 km2 (3,634.2 sq mi) (Opole) - 35,580 km2 (13,737 sq mi) (Masovian)
GovernmentVoivodeship government, National government
SubdivisionsPowiat

A województwo ([vɔjɛˈvut͡stfɔ]; plural: województwa) is the highest-level administrative subdivision of Poland, corresponding to a "province" in many other countries. The term "województwo" has been in use since the 14th century, and is commonly translated in English as "province".[1]Województwo is also rendered in English by "voivodeship" (/ˈvɔɪvdʃɪp/) or a variant spelling.[2]


The Polish local government reforms adopted in 1998, which went into effect on 1 January 1999, created sixteen new voivodeships. These replaced the 49 former voivodeships that had existed from 1 July 1975, and bear greater resemblance (in territory but not in name) to the voivodeships that existed between 1950 and 1975.


Today's voivodeships are mostly named after historical and geographical regions, while those prior to 1998 generally took their names from the cities on which they were centered. The new units range in area from under 10,000 km2 (3,900 sq mi) (Opole Voivodeship) to over 35,000 km2 (14,000 sq mi) (Masovian Voivodeship), and in population from one million (Lubusz Voivodeship) to over five million (Masovian Voivodeship).


Administrative authority at the voivodeship level is shared between a government-appointed governor called a voivode (wojewoda), an elected assembly called a sejmik, and an executive board (zarząd województwa) chosen by that assembly, headed by a voivodeship marshal (marszałek województwa). Voivodeships are further divided into powiats (counties) and gminas (communes or municipalities): see Administrative divisions of Poland.












Poland
Herb Polski.svg

This article is part of a series on the
politics and government of
Poland





















  • Other countries

  • Atlas




Contents





  • 1 Voivodeships by gross domestic product (GDP)


  • 2 Voivodeships since 1999

    • 2.1 Administrative powers


    • 2.2 List of voivodeships


    • 2.3 Economies of Voivodeships



  • 3 Historical development

    • 3.1 Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth

      • 3.1.1 Greater Poland (Wielkopolska)


      • 3.1.2 Lesser Poland (Małopolska)


      • 3.1.3 Grand Duchy of Lithuania


      • 3.1.4 Duchy of Livonia



    • 3.2 Congress Poland


    • 3.3 Second Polish Republic


    • 3.4 Polish People's Republic



  • 4 Etymology and use of "voivodeship"


  • 5 Notes


  • 6 References


  • 7 External links


  • 8 See also




Voivodeships by gross domestic product (GDP)[edit]




GRP per capita of Polish voivodeships based on purchasing power standards (PPS) in 2015




Polish voivodeships as European countries with similar GDP PPP per capita


This is a list of Polish voivodeships by gross regional product (GRP) per capita, based on purchasing power standards (PPS) and shown in euros. Statistics shown are for 2016 levels.










































































Rank
Province
(Voivodeship)
2016
(in EUR)
European countries with
similar GDP PPS per capita[3]
1

Masovia
31,700

 Finland
2

Lower Silesia
22,100

 Lithuania
3

Greater Poland
21,700

 Estonia
4

Silesia
20,700

 Hungary
5

Pomerania
19,300

 Greece
6

Łódź
18,600

 Latvia
7

Lesser Poland
18,100

 Croatia
8

West Pomerania
16,700

 Romania
9

Lubusz
16,700

 Romania
10

Kujawy-Pomerania
16,300

 Romania
11

Opole
15,900

 Romania
12

Świętokrzyskie
14,300

 Bulgaria
13

Warmia-Masuria
14,200

 Bulgaria
14

Podlaskie
14,100

 Bulgaria
15

Podkarpackie
14,000

 Bulgaria
16

Lublin
13,700

 Bulgaria

Poland
19,900

 Hungary

This is a list of Polish voivodeships by Nominal gross regional product (GRP) shown in billion euros. Statistics shown are for 2016 levels.




Polish Voivodeships(Provinces) as countries with similar Nominal GDP










































































Rank
Province
(Voivodeship)
2016
(in billions EUR)
Countries with
similar GDP (Nominal)[3]
1

Masovia
94.5

 Venezuela
2

Silesia
52.5

 Luxembourg
3

Greater Poland
42.1

 Lithuania
4

Lower Silesia
35.7

 Serbia
5

Lesser Poland
34.0

 Serbia
6

Łódź
25.8

 Latvia
7

Pomerania
24.8

 Latvia
8

Kujawy-Pomerania
19.0

 Estonia
9

Podkarpackie
16.6

 Iceland
10

Lublin
16.3

 Iceland
11

West Pomerania
15.9

 Iceland
12

Warmia-Masuria
11.4

 Albania
13

Świętokrzyskie
10.0

 Albania
14

Lubusz
9.5

 Albania
15

Podlaskie
9.3

 Albania
16

Opole
8.8

 Albania

Poland
425.6

 Sweden


Voivodeships since 1999[edit]




Map of Polish voivodeships since 1999 (abbreviations)



Administrative powers[edit]


Competences and powers at voivodeship level are shared between the voivode (governor), the sejmik (regional assembly) and the marshal. In most cases these institutions are all based in one city, but in Kuyavian-Pomeranian and Lubusz Voivodeship the voivode's offices are in a different city from those of the executive and the sejmik. Voivodeship capitals are listed in the table below.


The voivode is appointed by the Prime Minister and is the regional representative of the central government. The voivode acts as the head of central government institutions at regional level (such as the police and fire services, passport offices, and various inspectorates), manages central government property in the region, oversees the functioning of local government, coordinates actions in the field of public safety and environment protection, and exercises special powers in emergencies. The voivode's offices collectively are known as the urząd wojewódzki.[citation needed]


The sejmik is elected every four years, at the same time as the local authorities at powiat and gmina level. It passes bylaws, including the voivodeship's development strategies and budget. It also elects the marszałek and other members of the executive, and holds them to account.


The executive (zarząd województwa), headed by the marszałek drafts the budget and development strategies, implements the resolutions of the sejmik, manages the voivodeship's property, and deals with many aspects of regional policy, including management of European Union funding. The marshal's offices are collectively known as the urząd marszałkowski.



List of voivodeships[edit]































































































































































































Polish voivodeships since 1999

Abbr.
Flag
Coat of
arms
Teryt.
code

Car
plates
Voivodeship
Polish name
Capital cities
Area
(km²)
Population
(December 31, 2017)
Pop.
per km²
DS

POL województwo dolnośląskie flag.svg

POL województwo dolnośląskie COA.svg
02
D

Lower Silesian

dolnośląskie

Wrocław
19,947
2,914,362
146
KP

POL województwo kujawsko-pomorskie flag.svg

POL województwo kujawsko-pomorskie COA.svg
04
C

Kuyavian-Pomeranian

kujawsko-pomorskie

Bydgoszcz1,
Toruń2
17,972
2,096,404
117
LU

POL województwo lubelskie flag.svg

POL województwo lubelskie COA.svg
06
L

Lublin

lubelskie

Lublin
25,122
2,165,651
86
LB

POL województwo lubuskie flag.svg

POL województwo lubuskie COA.svg
08
F

Lubusz

lubuskie

Gorzów Wielkopolski1,
Zielona Góra2
13,988
1,023,317
73
LD

POL województwo łódzkie 1 flag.svg

POL województwo łódzkie COA.svg
10
E

Łódź

łódzkie

Łódź
18,219
2,524,651
139
MA

POL województwo małopolskie flag.svg

POL województwo małopolskie COA.svg
12
K

Lesser Poland

małopolskie

Kraków
15,183
3,354,077
221
MZ

POL województwo mazowieckie flag.svg

POL województwo mazowieckie COA.svg
14
W

Masovian

mazowieckie

Warsaw
35,558
5,301,760
149
OP

POL województwo opolskie flag.svg

POL województwo opolskie COA.svg
16
O

Opole

opolskie

Opole
9,412
1,010,203
107
PK

POL województwo podkarpackie flag.svg

POL województwo podkarpackie COA.svg
18
R

Subcarpathian

podkarpackie

Rzeszów
17,846
2,129,951
119
PD

POL województwo podlaskie flag.svg

POL województwo podlaskie COA.svg
20
B

Podlaskie

podlaskie

Białystok
20,187
1,198,690
59
PM

POL województwo pomorskie flag.svg

POL województwo pomorskie COA.svg
22
G

Pomeranian

pomorskie

Gdańsk
18,310
2,290,070
125
SL

POL województwo śląskie flag.svg

POL województwo śląskie COA.svg
24
S

Silesian

śląskie

Katowice
12,333
4,615,870
374
SK

POL województwo świętokrzyskie flag.svg

POL województwo świętokrzyskie COA.svg
26
T

Holy Cross

świętokrzyskie

Kielce
11,711
1,273,995
109
WN

POL województwo warmińsko-mazurskie flag.svg

Warminsko-mazurskie herb.svg
28
N

Warmian-Masurian

warmińsko-mazurskie

Olsztyn
24,173
1,450,697
60
WP

POL województwo wielkopolskie flag.svg

POL województwo wielkopolskie COA.svg
30
P

Greater Poland

wielkopolskie

Poznań
29,826
3,462,196
116
ZP

POL województwo zachodniopomorskie flag.svg

POL województwo zachodniopomorskie COA.svg
32
Z

West Pomeranian

zachodniopomorskie

Szczecin
22,892
1,721,405
75

1 Seat of voivode. 2 Seat of sejmik and marszałek.


Economies of Voivodeships[edit]


(See: List of Polish voivodeships by GDP per capita)


According to 2014 Eurostat data, the GDP per capita of Polish voivodeships varies notably and there is a large gap between the richest per capita voivodeship (being the Masovian Voivodeship at 29,800 EUR) and the poorest per capita (being the Lublin Voivodeship at 13,000 EUR).[4]


@media all and (max-width:720px).mw-parser-output .tmulti>.thumbinnerwidth:100%!important;max-width:none!important.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsinglefloat:none!important;max-width:none!important;width:100%!important;text-align:center

Outline of Poland



Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth in 1619, around the time of Commonwealth's greatest extent




Voivodeships of Congress Poland




Poland's prewar and postwar borders, 1939–1945




Map of Polish voivodeships (1921–1939)




Map of Polish voivodeships (1957–1975)




Map of Polish voivodeships (1975–1998)




Historical development[edit]



Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth[edit]




Greater Poland (Wielkopolska)[edit]



  • Poznań Voivodeship (województwo poznańskie, Poznań)


  • Kalisz Voivodeship (województwo kaliskie, Kalisz)


  • Gniezno Voivodeship (województwo gnieźnieńskie, Gniezno) from 1768


  • Sieradz Voivodeship (województwo sieradzkie, Sieradz)


  • Łęczyca Voivodeship (województwo łęczyckie, Łęczyca)


  • Brześć Kujawski Voivodeship (województwo brzesko-kujawskie, Brześć Kujawski)


  • Inowrocław Voivodeship (województwo inowrocławskie, Inowrocław)


  • Chełmno Voivodeship (województwo chełmińskie, Chełmno)


  • Malbork Voivodeship (województwo malborskie, Malbork)


  • Pomeranian Voivodeship (województwo pomorskie, Gdańsk)


  • Duchy of Warmia (Księstwo Warmińskie, Lidzbark Warmiński)


  • Duchy of Prussia (Księstwo Pruskie, Królewiec)


  • Płock Voivodeship (województwo płockie, Płock)


  • Rawa Voivodeship (województwo rawskie, Rawa Mazowiecka)


  • Masovian Voivodeship (województwo mazowieckie, Warszawa)


Lesser Poland (Małopolska)[edit]



  • Kraków Voivodeship (województwo krakowskie, Kraków)


  • Sandomierz Voivodeship (województwo sandomierskie, Sandomierz)


  • Lublin Voivodeship (województwo lubelskie, Lublin)


  • Podlaskie Voivodeship (województwo podlaskie, Drohiczyn)


  • Ruthenian Voivodeship (województwo ruskie, Lwów)


  • Bełz Voivodeship (województwo belzkie, Bełz)


  • Volhynian Voivodeship (województwo wołyńskie, Łuck)


  • Podole Voivodeship (województwo podolskie, Kamieniec Podolski)


  • Bracław Voivodeship (województwo bracławskie, Bracław)


  • Kijów Voivodeship (województwo kijowskie, Kijów)


  • Czernihów Voivodeship (województwo czernichowskie, Czernihów)


Grand Duchy of Lithuania[edit]



  • Wilno Voivodship (województwo wileńskie, Wilno)


  • Troki Voivodship (województwo trockie, Troki)


  • Nowogrodek Voivodship (województwo nowogrodzkie, Nowogródek)


  • Brest-Litovsk Voivodship (województwo brzesko-litewskie, Brześć Litewski)


  • Minsk Voivodship (województwo mińskie, Mińsk)


  • Mscislaw Voivodship (województwo mścisławskie, Mścisław)


  • Smolensk Voivodship (województwo smoleńskie, Smoleńsk)


  • Vitebsk Voivodship (województwo witebskie, Witebsk)


  • Polock Voivodship (województwo połockie, Połock)


  • Duchy of Samogita (księstwo żmudzkie, Miedniki-Wornie)


Duchy of Livonia[edit]



  • Wenden Voivodship (województwo wendeńskie, Wenden) since 1598 till the 1620s


  • Dorpat Voivodship (województwo dorpackie, Dorpat) since 1598 till the 1620s


  • Parnawa Voivodship (województwo parnawskie, Parnava) since 1598 till the 1620s


  • Inflanty Voivodeship (województwo inflanckie Dyneburg) since the 1620s


  • Duchy of Courland and Semigalia (księstwo Kurlandii i Semigalii), Mitawa)


Congress Poland[edit]



From 1816 to 1837 there were 8 voivodeships in Congress Poland.


  • Augustów Voivodeship

  • Kalisz Voivodeship

  • Kraków Voivodeship

  • Lublin Voivodeship

  • Mazowsze Voivodeship

  • Płock Voivodeship

  • Podlaskie Voivodeship

  • Sandomierz Voivodeship


Second Polish Republic[edit]



The administrative division of Poland in the interwar period included 16 voivodeships and Warsaw (with voivodeship rights). The voivodeships that remained in Poland after World War II as a result of Polish–Soviet border agreement of August 1945 were very similar to the current voivodeships.


Collapsed list of car plates since 1937, please use table-sort buttons.















































































































Car plates
(since 1937)
Voivodeship[5]Polish name
Capital city
modern name in parentheses
Area in km² (1930)
Population (1931)
20–24

Białystok

białostockie

Białystok
26,000
1,263,300
25–29

Kielce

kieleckie

Kielce
22,200
2,671,000
30–34

Kraków

krakowskie

Kraków
17,600
2,300,100
35–39

Lublin

lubelskie

Lublin
26,600
2,116,200
40–44

Lwów

lwowskie
Lwów (Lviv)
28,400
3,126,300
45–49

Łódź

łódzkie

Łódź
20,400
2,650,100
50–54

Nowogródek

nowogródzkie
Nowogródek (Navahrudak)
23,000
1,057,200
55–59

Polesie

poleskie
Brześć nad Bugiem (Brest)
36,700
1,132,200
60–64

Pomeranian

pomorskie

Toruń
25,700
1,884,400
65–69

Poznań

poznańskie

Poznań
28,100
2,339,600
70–74

Stanisławów

stanisławowskie
Stanisławów (Ivano-Frankivsk)
16,900
1,480,300
75–79?

Silesian

śląskie

Katowice
5,100
1,533,500
80–84

Tarnopol

tarnopolskie
Tarnopol (Ternopil)
16,500
1,600,400
85–89

Warsaw (voivodeship)

warszawskie

Warsaw
31,700
2,460,900
00–19

Warsaw (city)

Warszawa

Warsaw
140
1,179,500
90–94

Wilno

wileńskie
Wilno (Vilnius)
29,000
1,276,000
95–99

Wołyń

wołyńskie
Łuck (Lutsk)
35,700
2,085,600


Polish People's Republic[edit]


After World War II, the new administrative division of the country within the new national borders was based on the prewar one and included 14 (+2) voivodeships, then 17 (+5). The voivodeships in the east that had not been annexed by the Soviet Union had their borders left almost unchanged. The newly acquired territories in the west and north were organized into the new voivodeships of Szczecin, Wrocław and Olsztyn, and partly joined to Gdańsk, Katowice and Poznań voivodeships. Two cities were granted voivodeship status: Warsaw and Łódź.


In 1950, new voivodeships were created: Koszalin (previously part of Szczecin), Opole (previously part of Katowice), and Zielona Góra (previously part of Poznań, Wrocław and Szczecin voivodeships). In 1957, three more cities were granted voivodeship status: Wrocław, Kraków and Poznań.


Collapsed list of car plates since 1956, please use table-sort buttons.






















































































































Car plates
(since 1956)
Voivodeship(Polish name)
Capital
Area in km² (1965)
Population (1965)
A

białostockie

Białystok
23,136
1,160,400
B

bydgoskie

Bydgoszcz
20,794
1,837,100
G

gdańskie

Gdańsk
10,984
1,352,800
S

katowickie

Katowice
9,518
3,524,300
C

kieleckie

Kielce
19,498
1,899,100
E

koszalińskie1

Koszalin
17,974
755,100
K

krakowskie

Kraków
15,350
2,127,600
?

Kraków (city)2

Kraków
230
520,100
F

łódzkie

Łódź
17,064
1,665,200
I

Łódź (city)

Łódź
214
744,100
L

lubelskie

Lublin
24,829
1,900,500
O

olsztyńskie

Olsztyn
20,994
956,600
H

opolskie ¹

Opole
9,506
1,009,200
P

poznańskie

Poznań
26,723
2,126,300
?

Poznań (city)2

Poznań
220
438,200
R

rzeszowskie

Rzeszów
18,658
1,692,800
M

szczecińskie

Szczecin
12,677
847,600
T

warszawskie

Warsaw
29,369
2,453,000
W

Warszawa (city)

Warsaw
446
1,252,600
X

wrocławskie

Wrocław
18,827
1,967,000
?

Wrocław (city)2

Wrocław
225
474,200
Z

zielonogórskie1

Zielona Góra
14,514
847,200

1 New voivodeships created in 1950. 2 Cities separated in 1957.

Poland's voivodeships 1975–1998



Administrative division of Poland between 1979 and 1998 included 49 voivodeships upheld after the establishment of the Third Polish Republic in 1989 for another decade. This reorganization of administrative division of Poland was mainly a result of local government reform acts of 1973–1975. In place of the three-level administrative division (voivodeship, county, commune), a new two-level administrative division was introduced (49 small voivodeships, and communes). The three smallest voivodeships – Warsaw, Kraków and Łódź – had the special status of municipal voivodeship; the city president (mayor) was also provincial governor.


Collapsed list of Voivodeships: 1975–1998, please use table-sort buttons.



















































































































































































































































































































































































































Abbr.
Voivodeship
Polish name
Capital
Area km² (1998)
Population (1980)
No. of cities
No. of communes
bp

Biała Podlaska Voivodeship

bialskopodlaskie

Biała Podlaska
5,348
286,400
6
35
bk

Białystok Voivodeship

białostockie

Białystok
10,055
641,100
17
49
bb

Bielsko-Biała Voivodeship

bielskie

Bielsko-Biała
3,704
829,900
18
47
by

Bydgoszcz Voivodeship

bydgoskie

Bydgoszcz
10,349
1,036,000
27
55
ch

Chełm Voivodeship

chełmskie

Chełm
3,865
230,900
4
25
ci

Ciechanów Voivodeship

ciechanowskie

Ciechanów
6,362
405,400
9
45
cz

Częstochowa Voivodeship

częstochowskie

Częstochowa
6,182
747,900
17
49
el

Elbląg Voivodeship

elbląskie

Elbląg
6,103
441,500
15
37
gd

Gdańsk Voivodeship

gdańskie

Gdańsk
7,394
1,333,800
19
43
go

Gorzów Voivodeship

gorzowskie

Gorzów Wielkopolski
8,484
455,400
21
38
jg

Jelenia Góra Voivodeship

jeleniogórskie

Jelenia Góra
4,378
492,600
24
28
kl

Kalisz Voivodeship

kaliskie

Kalisz
6,512
668,000
20
53
ka

Katowice Voivodeship

katowickie

Katowice
6,650
3,733,900
43
46
ki

Kielce Voivodeship

kieleckie

Kielce
9,211
1,068,700
17
69
kn

Konin Voivodeship

konińskie

Konin
5,139
441,200
18
43
ko

Koszalin Voivodeship

koszalińskie

Koszalin
8,470
462,200
17
35
kr

Kraków Voivodeship

krakowskie

Kraków
3,254
1,167,500
10
38
ks

Krosno Voivodeship

krośnieńskie

Krosno
5,702
448,200
12
37
lg

Legnica Voivodeship

legnickie

Legnica
4,037
458,900
11
31
le

Leszno Voivodeship

leszczyńskie

Leszno
4,254
357,600
19
28
lu

Lublin Voivodeship

lubelskie

Lublin
6,793
935,200
16
62
lo

Łomża Voivodeship

łomżyńskie

Łomża
6,684
325,800
12
39
ld

Łódź Voivodeship

łódzkie

Łódź
1523
1,127,800
8
11
ns

Nowy Sącz Voivodeship

nowosądeckie

Nowy Sącz
5,576
628,800
14
41
ol

Olsztyn Voivodeship

olsztyńskie

Olsztyn
12,327
681,400
21
48
op

Opole Voivodeship

opolskie

Opole
8,535
975,000
29
61
os

Ostrołęka Voivodeship

ostrołęckie

Ostrołęka
6,498
371,400
9
38
pi

Piła Voivodeship

pilskie

Piła
8,205
437,100
24
35
pt

Piotrków Voivodeship

piotrkowskie

Piotrków Trybunalski
6,266
604,200
10
51
pl

Płock Voivodeship

płockie

Płock
5,117
496,100
9
44
po

Poznań Voivodeship

poznańskie

Poznań
8,151
1,237,800
33
57
pr

Przemyśl Voivodeship

przemyskie

Przemyśl
4,437
380,000
9
35
ra

Radom Voivodeship

radomskie

Radom
7,295
702,300
15
61
rz

Rzeszów Voivodeship

rzeszowskie

Rzeszów
4,397
648,900
13
41
se

Siedlce Voivodeship

siedleckie

Siedlce
8,499
616,300
12
66
si

Sieradz Voivodeship

sieradzkie

Sieradz
4,869
392,300
9
40
sk

Skierniewice Voivodeship

skierniewickie

Skierniewice
3,959
396,900
8
36
sl

Słupsk Voivodeship

słupskie

Słupsk
7,453
369,800
11
31
su

Suwałki Voivodeship

suwalskie

Suwałki
10,490
422,600
14
42
sz

Szczecin Voivodeship

szczecińskie

Szczecin
9,981
897,900
29
50
tg

Tarnobrzeg Voivodeship

tarnobrzeskie

Tarnobrzeg
6,283
556,300
14
46
ta

Tarnów Voivodeship

tarnowskie

Tarnów
4,151
607,000
9
41
to

Toruń Voivodeship

toruńskie

Toruń
5,348
610,800
13
41
wb

Wałbrzych Voivodeship

wałbrzyskie

Wałbrzych
4,168
716,100
31
30
wa

Warsaw Voivodeship

warszawskie

Warsaw
(Warszawa)
3,788
2,319,100
27
32
wl

Włocławek Voivodeship

włocławskie

Włocławek
4,402
413,400
14
30
wr

Wrocław Voivodeship

wrocławskie

Wrocław
6,287
1,076,200
16
33
za

Zamość Voivodeship

zamojskie

Zamość
6,980
472,100
5
47
zg

Zielona Góra Voivodeship

zielonogórskie

Zielona Góra
8,868
609,200
26
50


Etymology and use of "voivodeship"[edit]


Some English-language sources, in historic contexts, speak of "palatinates" rather than "voivodeships". The term "palatinate" traces back to the Latin palatinus ("palatine").


More commonly used now is "province" or "voivodeship". The latter is a loanword-calque hybrid formed on the Polish "województwo".


Some writers argue against rendering "województwo" in English as "province" on historic grounds. Before the Third and last Partition of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth, which occurred in 1795, each of the main constituent Regions of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth—Greater Poland, Lesser Poland, Lithuania, and Royal Prussia—was sometimes idiosyncratically referred to as a "Province" ("prowincyja"). According to the argument, a "Province" (such as Greater Poland) cannot consist of a number of subdivisions ("województwa", the plural of "województwo") that are likewise called "provinces". However, this is an antiquarian consideration, since "province" has not been used in this sense in Poland for over two centuries, and in any case the former larger political units—all now obsolete—can be referred to in English as "Regions" (which, in English parlance, is what they were).


The Polish "województwo", designating a second-tier Polish or Polish–Lithuanian administrative unit, derives from "wojewoda" (etymologically, a "warlord", "war leader" or "leader of warriors", but now simply the governor of a województwo) and the suffix "-ztwo" (a "state or condition").


The English "voivodeship", which is a hybrid of the loanword "voivode" and "-ship" (the latter a suffix that calques the Polish suffix "-ztwo"), has never been much used and is absent from many dictionaries. According to the Oxford English Dictionary, it first appeared in 1792, spelled "woiwodship", in the sense of "the district or province governed by a voivode." The word subsequently appeared in 1886 also in the sense of "the office or dignity of a voivode."[6]


Poland's Commission on Standardization of Geographic Names outside the Republic of Poland, recommends the spelling "voivodship", without the e.[1] [2] [3]



Notes[edit]




  1. ^ The word "voivodeship", as an equivalent for "województwo", appears in some large English dictionaries such as the OED and Webster's Third New International Dictionary but is not in common English usage. Hence the word "province" is a recommended translation: "Jednostki podziału administracyjnego Polski tłumaczymy tak: województwo—province..." ("Polish administrative units are translated as follows: województwo—province..."). Arkadiusz Belczyk, "Tłumaczenie polskich nazw geograficznych na język angielski" Archived 2016-03-03 at the Wayback Machine. ("Translation of Polish Geographical Names into English"), 2002-2006. Examples: New Provinces of Poland (1998) Archived 2011-06-08 at the Wayback Machine., Map of Poland, English names of Polish provinces. More examples:

    • "Following the reform of the administrative structure in 1973-1975, the number of provinces (województwa) was increased from 22 to 49... [I]ncreasing the number of provinces meant the reduction of each in size. In this way Warsaw was able to dilute the political importance of the provincial party chiefs." "Poland", The Encyclopedia Americana, 1986, volume 22, p. 312.

    • "Poland is divided into 49 provinces." "Poland", The Columbia Encyclopedia, sixth edition, edited by Paul Lagassé, Columbia University Press, 2000, p. 2256.

    • "Local government in Poland is organized on three levels. The largest units, at the regional level, are the województwa (provinces)..." "Poland", Encyclopædia Britannica, 15th edition, 2010, Macropaedia, volume 25, p. 937.

    • "GOVERNMENT... Administrative divisions: 16 provinces (wojewodztwa, singular–wojewodztwo)..." "Poland," in Central Intelligence Agency, The CIA World Factbook 2010, New York, Skyhorse Publishing, Inc., 2009, .mw-parser-output cite.citationfont-style:inherit.mw-parser-output qquotes:"""""""'""'".mw-parser-output code.cs1-codecolor:inherit;background:inherit;border:inherit;padding:inherit.mw-parser-output .cs1-lock-free abackground:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/9px-Lock-green.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center.mw-parser-output .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .cs1-lock-registration abackground:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-gray-alt-2.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center.mw-parser-output .cs1-lock-subscription abackground:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-red-alt-2.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registrationcolor:#555.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription span,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration spanborder-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-errordisplay:none;font-size:100%.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-errorfont-size:100%.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration,.mw-parser-output .cs1-formatfont-size:95%.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-leftpadding-left:0.2em.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-rightpadding-right:0.2em
      ISBN 9781602397279, p. 546. The same information appears in the current online CIA World Factbook --> "Poland --> Administrative divisions". Note that in this source, where "English translations" of province names are given, they are in the noun ("Silesia"), not the adjective ("Silesian"), form.

    • Professor Paul Best, of Southern Connecticut State University, writes: "[I]n standard dictionaries the Polish word [województwo] is translated as 'province.'" Paul Best, review of Bogdan Horbal, Lemko Studies: A Handbook (2010), in The Polish Review, vol. 58, no. 4 (2013), pp. 125–26.




  2. ^ Alternate English renderings include "voivodship," "voievodship," "voievodeship" and "woiwodship".


  3. ^ ab http://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/documents/2995521/8700651/1-28022018-BP-EN/15f5fd90-ce8b-4927-9a3b-07dc255dc42a


  4. ^ "Eurostat - Tables, Graphs and Maps Interface (TGM) map". ec.europa.eu. Retrieved 2017-02-16.


  5. ^ data as per April 1, 1937


  6. ^ "Voivodeship," The Oxford English Dictionary, second edition, volume XIX, Oxford, Clarendon Press, 1989, p. 739.




References[edit]


  • "Poland", Encyclopædia Britannica, 15th edition, 2010, Macropaedia, volume 25, p. 937.

  • "Poland", The Columbia Encyclopedia, sixth edition, edited by Paul Lagassé, Columbia University Press, 2000, p. 2256.

  • "Poland", The Encyclopedia Americana, 1986, volume 22, p. 312.

  • "Poland," in Central Intelligence Agency, The CIA World Factbook 2010, New York, Skyhorse Publishing, Inc., 2009,
    ISBN 9781602397279, p. 546.

  • "Voivodeship," The Oxford English Dictionary, second edition, volume XIX, Oxford, Clarendon Press, 1989, p. 739.


External links[edit]




  • Map of Polish Regions

  • Administrative division of Poland (from Commission on Standardization of Geographical Names Outside Poland website, in English)

  • Official map by Head Office of Geodesy and Cartography

  • Regions of Poland


  • Toponymic Guidelines Of Poland for Map Editors and Other Users Head Office Of Geodesy And Cartography, 2002


  • CIA World Factbook --> "Poland --> Administrative divisions"


See also[edit]



  • Coats of arms of Polish voivodeships

  • Flags of Polish voivodeships

  • ISO 3166-2:PL

  • Prowincja

  • Regions of Poland

  • Voivodeship













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