Sar language

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Sar
Madjingay
Native toChad
Native speakers
(180,000 cited 1993 census)[1]
Language family

Nilo-Saharan?

  • Central Sudanic

    • Bongo–Bagirmi

      • Sara languages
        • East
          • Sar
Dialects
  • Sar

  • Nar

Language codes
ISO 639-3mwm
Glottolog
sarr1246[2]

Sar or Sara, also known as Madjingay and Sara Madjingay is a Bongo–Bagirmi language of southern Chad, and the lingua franca of regional capital of Sarh.



Phonology


The consonants are as follows.[3]










































































































Labial

Alveolar

Retroflex

Postalveolar
/Palatal

Velar

plain

implosive

plain

implosive

Stop/
affricate

tenuis

p


t




k

voiced

b

ɓ

d

ɗ



ɡ

prenasalized

m͡b


n͡d




ŋ͡ɡ

Affricate

voiced






d͡ʒ


prenasalized






n͡dʒ


Fricative



s





Nasal

m


n





Liquid

oral



l


ɽ



nasalized





ɽ̃



Semi-vowel

oral






j

w

nasalized






j̃

Vowels and nasal vowels are as follows:























Front

Central

Back

Close
i ĩ

u ũ

Mid
e ẽ

o õ

ə
ɔ

Open
a ã


There are three tones.[4][5]

















ToneExampleGloss
highɡáŋɡá
drum
midmāl
scavenger
lowjàbə̀
hippopotamus
nasal
tã

sauce


References




  1. ^ Sar at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015)


  2. ^ Hammarström, Harald; Forkel, Robert; Haspelmath, Martin, eds. (2017). "Sar". Glottolog 3.0. Jena, Germany: Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History..mw-parser-output cite.citationfont-style:inherit.mw-parser-output qquotes:"""""""'""'".mw-parser-output code.cs1-codecolor:inherit;background:inherit;border:inherit;padding:inherit.mw-parser-output .cs1-lock-free abackground:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/9px-Lock-green.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center.mw-parser-output .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .cs1-lock-registration abackground:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-gray-alt-2.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center.mw-parser-output .cs1-lock-subscription abackground:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-red-alt-2.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registrationcolor:#555.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription span,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration spanborder-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-errordisplay:none;font-size:100%.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-errorfont-size:100%.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration,.mw-parser-output .cs1-formatfont-size:95%.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-leftpadding-left:0.2em.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-rightpadding-right:0.2em


  3. ^ (in French) Fournier, Maurice, Les consonnes du sar, dans Études phonologiques tchadiennes (Jean-Pierre Caprile, éd.), pp. 37-44, Paris, SELAF, 1977,
    ISBN 2-85297-019-8


  4. ^ (in French) Moundo Ndimajibay, Nei-Balway, Les limites des modifications en sar, dans Études phonologiques tchadiennes (Jean-Pierre Caprile, éd.), pp. 45-58, Paris, SELAF, 1977,
    ISBN 2-85297-019-8


  5. ^ "PanAfriL10n - PanAfrLoc - Sara". PanAfrican Localisation Resource Wiki. Retrieved 2017-03-07.




External links


  • The Sara-Bagirmi Language Project -- Sar




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