From left, clockwise: Depiction of Jesus, the central figure in Christianity; The Colosseum, a landmark of the once-mighty Roman Empire; Gunpowder is invented during the latter part of the millennium, in China; Chess, a new board game, becomes popular around the globe; The Western Roman Empire falls, ushering in the Early Middle Ages; The skeletal remains of a young woman, known as the "ring lady", killed by the eruption of Mount Vesuvius in AD 79; Attila the Hun, leader of the Hunnic Empire, which takes most of Eastern Europe (Background: Reproduction of ancient mural from Teotihuacan, National Museum of Anthropology, Mexico City)
Millennia: 1st millennium BC 1st millennium AD 2nd millennium AD Centuries: 1st century 2nd century 3rd century 4th century 5th century 6th century 7th century 8th century 9th century 10th century
The first millennium was a period of time that began on January 1, AD 1, and ended on December 31, AD 1000, of the Julian calendar.[citation needed
In Europe and the Mediterranean, the first millennium was a time of great transition. The 1st century saw the peak of the Roman Empire, followed by its gradual decline during the period of Late Antiquity, the rise of Christianity and the Great Migrations. The second half of the millennium is characterized as the Early Middle Ages in Europe, and marked by the Viking expansion in the west, the rise of the Byzantine Empire in the east, and by the Islamic conquests throughout the Near East, North Africa and the Iberian peninsula, culminating in the Islamic Golden Age (700–1200 AD).
In Arabia, in the mid-7th century, a man called Muhammad became the leader and the final prophet of Islam. After his death, his companions extended the religion.
In East Asia, the first millennium was also a time of great cultural advances, notably the spread of Buddhism to East Asia. In China, the Han dynasty is replaced by the Jin dynasty and later the Tang dynasty until the 10th century sees renewed fragmentation in the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period. In Japan, a sharp increase in population followed when farmers' use of iron tools increased their productivity and crop yields. The Yamato court was established.
In South Asia, the Indian subcontinent was divided among numerous kingdoms throughout the first millennium, until the formation of the Gupta Empire.
In Mesoamerica, the first millennium was a period of enormous growth known as the Classic Era (200–900 AD). Teotihuacan grew into a metropolis and its empire dominated Mesoamerica. In South America, pre-Incan, coastal cultures flourished, producing impressive metalwork and some of the finest pottery seen in the ancient world.
In North America, the Mississippian culture rose at the end of the millennium in the Mississippi and Ohio river valleys. Numerous cities were built; Cahokia, the largest, was based in present-day Illinois. The construction of Monks Mound at Cahokia was begun in 900–950 AD.
Contents 1 Civilizations, kingdoms and dynasties 2 Events 3 Significant people 4 Inventions, discoveries, introductions 5 Centuries and decades 6 References Civilizations, kingdoms and dynasties [ edit] The civilizations, kingdoms and dynasties in this section are organized according to the United Nations geoscheme
Kingdoms and civilizations of the 1st millennium AD Africa Americas Asia Europe Oceania Nok Ghana Empire Aksumite Empire Abbasid Caliphate Fatimid Caliphate Kingdom of Kangaba Igbo-Ukwu Kingdom of Nri Kanem Empire Ife Awka Maya civilization Huastec Teotihuacan Toltec Totonac Zapotec Mixtec Teuchitlan Kaan Kingdom Tikal Palenque Tonina Caracol Copan Kingdom of Quito Muisca Confederation Tairona Chimor Tiwanaku Wari culture Moche culture Lima culture Parthian Empire Han dynasty Kushan Empire Rashidun Caliphate Xiongnu Three Kingdoms Sassanid Empire Jin dynasty Gupta Empire Byzantine Empire Rashtrakuta dynasty Pala Empire Hephthalite Empire Sui dynasty Chola dynasty Tang dynasty Volga Bulgaria Song dynasty Goguryeo Buyeo Baekje Silla Srivijaya Roman Empire Anglo-Saxon England Irish Kingdoms Merovingian dynasty Carolingian Empire West Francia Middle Francia East Francia Holy Roman Empire Kingdom of France Bulgarian Empire Viking Kievan Rus'
Events [ edit] The events in this section are organized according to the United Nations geoscheme
Events and trends of the 1st millennium AD Africa Americas Asia Europe Oceania AD 70 Kandake Amanikhatashan sends Kushite cavalry to aid Roman Emperor in Jerusalem revolt[1] AD 100 rise of the Aksum AD 100 Khoekhoe reach southern coast of Africa[2] AD 1 Cahuachi established[3] AD 50 Pyramid of the Sun began[3] AD 25 Han Dynasty reestablished under GuangwuAD 33 Christianity begins AD 70 Jewish diasporaAD 9 Rhine established as boundary between Rome and Germany[4] AD 47 London foundedAD 58 Alpes Cottiae becomes a Roman province[4] AD 79 Pompeii destroyedAD 1 Caroline Islands colonized[5] 150 Rhapta, hint of pre-Swahili, Periplus of the Erythraean Sea200 Bantu reach east Africa[6] 200 Nok culture ends150 Cahuachi becomes dominant ceremonial site in southern Peru[3] 184 Yellow Turban Rebellion106 Dacia becomes a Roman province[4] 166 Siege of Aquileia[4] 180 End of the Macromannic Wars[4] Africa Americas Asia Europe Oceania 212 Egyptians granted Roman citizenship[6] 230 Aksum wars with Himyar and Saba alliance300 Aksum prints own coins250 Rise of Laguna de los Cerros292 Stela 29 inscribed[3] 300 Tikàl conquers El Mirador[3] 208 Battle of Red Cliffs during the decline of the Han Dynasty280 Jin reunifies China212 Roman citizenship extended to all free people in the empire[4] 214 Hispania divided into Gallaecia, Tarraconensis, Baetica and Lusitania[4] 286 Diocletian divides the empire East and West[4] 300 Eastern Polynesian culture develops[7] 333 Aksum converts to Christianity350 Meroe comes to an end [6] 350 King of Anwar, Kaja Maja378 Teotihuacan conquers Waka, Tikal, and Uaxactun, the beginning of its conquest of the Maya[8] 319 Rise of Gupta Empire in South Asia383 Battle of Fei River393 Last Olympic Games313 Edict of Milan[4] 370 Huns invade Eastern Europe[4] 396 Alaric and the Visigoths invade Greece[4]
Africa Americas Asia Europe Oceania 401 c. camel main transport for trans-Sahara 429 Vandal invasion[6] 500 Nubia split into Nobadia, Makuria, Alodia 420 Southern and Northern Dynasties period begins407 Vandals enter Iberia[9] 421 Romans defeat Persians[9] 476 Fall of Roman Empire[9] 500 Settlement of Hawaii, Easter Island, Society Islands, Tuamotus and Mangareva[7] 520 Kaleb attacks Yemen533 Belisarius invades Africa[6] 540 Nubia converts to monophysite Christianity600 Wari' conquer Peru[10] 600 Construction of Palenque[3] 538 Buddhism introduced in Japan.570 Birth of the Islamic prophet Muhammad507 Battle of Vouillé[9] 535 Byzantine army invades Italy[9] 585 Visigoths conquer Suevi kingdom[9] Africa Americas Asia Europe Oceania 641 Muslims invade Africa[11] 690 Za Dynasty founded697 Carthage destroyed[11] 650 Settlement of Xochitecatl and Cacaxtla[10] 700 Teotihuacan destroyed[10] 618 Tang Dynasty established632 Rise of Islam651 Islamic conquest of Persiac.680 Bulgarian Empire was founded; 700 Settlement of the Cook Islands[7] 702 Aksum attacks Arabia[11] 706 Arabic in Egypt[11] 789 Independent Morocco[11] 738 Quiriguá becomes independent of Copan750 Sacred Cenote built at Chichén Itzá[10] 780 Murals at Bonampak abandoned[10]
738 Caliphate campaigns in India and invasion of India by Umayyad Caliphate was averted 755 An Shi Rebellion717 Siege of Constantinople718 Islamic conquest of Spain Africa Americas Asia Europe Oceania 801 c. Kanem Empire founded801 c. Aksum declines, capital moved to interior900 c. Igbo-Ukwu founded[12] 835 Ganlu Incident872 Norway unites874 Settlement of Iceland896 Hungarians invade Carpathia900 Settlement of New Zealand[7] 905 Tulunids ejected[11] 909 Fatimid established[11] 969 Fustat captured[11] 950 Great Serpent Mound constructed[10] 990 Toltecs conquer Chichén Itzá907 Political upheaval of the Five Dynasties begins960 Song dynasty established958 Denmark unites985 Erik the Red founds colony in Greenland1000 Polynesians build stone temples[7]
Significant people [ edit] The people in this section are organized according to the United Nations geoscheme
Significant people of the 1st millennium AD Africa Americas Asia Europe Oceania [6] [3] Africa Americas Asia Europe Oceania [6] [6] [3] [6] [8] Africa Americas Asia Europe Oceania [3] [6] [6] [6] Africa Americas Asia Europe Oceania [11] [10] [10] Africa Americas Asia Europe Oceania [10]
Inventions, discoveries, introductions [ edit] Inventions, discoveries and introductions Communication Math and Science Agriculture Transportation Warfare Woodblock printing [13] Algebra Ptolemaic system Steel Coffee Hops Horseshoe Stirrup Magnetic compass Greek fire Chess [13]
Centuries and decades [ edit] 1st century 0s 30s 60s 80s 2nd century 100s 130s 160s 180s 3rd century 200s 230s 260s 280s 4th century 300s 330s 360s 380s 5th century 400s 430s 460s 480s 6th century 500s 530s 560s 580s 7th century 600s 630s 660s 680s 8th century 700s 730s 760s 780s 9th century 800s 830s 860s 880s 10th century 900s 930s 960s 980s
References [ edit] ^ Jr Ph D Grant Bishop Williams(2009). Abraham's Other Sons. AuthorHouse: pp. 50,51. ISBN 9781438997094 ^ Ehret, Christopher (2002). The Civilizations of Africa. Charlottesville: University of Virginia, p. 177, ISBN 0-8139-2085-X. ^ a b c d e f g h i "World Timeline of the Americas 200 BC - AD 600". The British Museum. 2005. Archived from the original on 2009-05-13. Retrieved 2009-04-01 . ^ a b c d e f g h i j k "World Timeline of Europe 200 BC-AD 400 Roman". The British Museum. 2005. Archived from the original on 2009-05-13. Retrieved 2009-04-06 . ^ "World Timeline of the Oceania 1500 BC-AD 1". The British Museum. 2005. Archived from the original on 2009-05-13. Retrieved 2009-04-02 . ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l "World Timeline of Africa 332 BC-AD 400". The British Museum. 2005. Archived from the original on 2009-05-13. Retrieved 2009-04-02 . ^ a b c d e "World Timeline of Oceania AD 1-1100". The British Museum. 2005. Retrieved 2009-04-02 . ^ a b http://ngm.nationalgeographic.com/print/2007/08/maya-rise-fall/gugliotta-text ^ a b c d e f "World Timeline of Europe AD 400-800 Early medieval". The British Museum. 2005. Archived from the original on 27 February 2009. Retrieved 2009-04-06 . ^ a b c d e f g h i "World Timeline of the Americas AD 600-1000". The British Museum. 2005. Archived from the original on 27 February 2009. Retrieved 2009-04-01 . ^ a b c d e f g h i "World Timeline of Africa AD 600-1500". The British Museum. 2005. Archived from the original on 2009-03-13. Retrieved 2009-04-02 . ^ Coquery-Vidrovitch, Catherine. The History of African Cities South of the Sahara. Princeton: Markus Wiener Publishers, 2005, p. 45, ISBN 1-55876-303-1 ^ a b "Who Built it First". Ancient Discoveries . A&E Television Networks. 2008. Archived from the original on 2009-05-13. Retrieved 2009-04-03 . Millennia
1st 2nd 3rd 4th 5th 6th 7th 8th 9th 10th 11th and beyond 201st and prior 200th to 11th 10th 9th 8th 7th 6th 5th 4th 3rd 2nd 1st
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