Relative analgesia machine
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A relative analgesia machine is used by dentists to induce inhalation sedation in their patients. It delivers a mixture of nitrous oxide ("laughing gas") and oxygen. A relative analgesia machine is simpler than an anaesthetic machine, as it does not feature the additional medical ventilator and anaesthetic vaporiser, which are only needed for administration of general anesthetics. Instead the relative analgesia machine is designed for the light form of anaesthesia with nitrous oxide, where the patient is less sensitive to pain but remains fully conscious.[1]
References[edit]
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^ Dental Fear Central (2004). "Inhalation sedation (aka Laughing Gas)". Retrieved 2010-04-18..mw-parser-output cite.citationfont-style:inherit.mw-parser-output .citation qquotes:"""""""'""'".mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-free abackground:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/9px-Lock-green.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-registration abackground:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-gray-alt-2.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-subscription abackground:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-red-alt-2.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registrationcolor:#555.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription span,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration spanborder-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon abackground:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/12px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center.mw-parser-output code.cs1-codecolor:inherit;background:inherit;border:inherit;padding:inherit.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-errordisplay:none;font-size:100%.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-errorfont-size:100%.mw-parser-output .cs1-maintdisplay:none;color:#33aa33;margin-left:0.3em.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration,.mw-parser-output .cs1-formatfont-size:95%.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-leftpadding-left:0.2em.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-rightpadding-right:0.2em
Anesthesia and anesthesiology
|
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Types |
General
- Sedation
- Twilight anesthesia
Local
- Topical
- Intercostal nerve block
Neuraxial blockade
Dental
|
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Techniques |
- Airway management
- Anesthesia provision in the US
- Arterial catheter
- Bronchoscopy
- Capnography
- Dogliotti's principle
- Drug-induced amnesia
- Intraoperative neurophysiological monitoring
- Nerve block
- Penthrox inhaler
- Tracheal intubation
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Scientific principles |
- Blood–gas partition coefficient
- Concentration effect
- Fink effect
- Minimum alveolar concentration
- Second gas effect
|
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Measurements |
- ASA physical status classification system
- Baricity
- Bispectral index
- Entropy monitoring
- Fick principle
- Goldman index
- Guedel's classification
- Mallampati score
- Neuromuscular monitoring
- Thyromental distance
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Instruments |
- Anaesthetic machine
- Anesthesia cart
- Boyle's machine
- Gas cylinder
- Laryngeal mask airway
- Laryngeal tube
- Medical monitor
- Odom's indicator
- Relative analgesia machine
- Vaporiser
- Double-lumen endotracheal tube
- Endobronchial blocker
|
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Complications |
- Emergence delirium
- Allergic reactions
- Anesthesia awareness
- Local anesthetic toxicity
- Malignant hyperthermia
- Perioperative mortality
- Postanesthetic shivering
- Postoperative nausea and vomiting
- Postoperative residual curarization
|
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Subspecialties |
- Cardiothoracic
- Critical emergency medicine
- Geriatric
- Intensive care medicine
- Obstetric
- Oral sedation dentistry
- Pain medicine
|
---|
Professions |
- Anesthesiologist
- Anesthesiologist assistant
- Nurse anesthetist
- Operating Department Practitioners
- Certified Anesthesia Technician
- Certified Anesthesia Technologist
- Anaesthetic technician
- Physicians' assistant (anaesthesia)
|
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History |
- A.C.E. mixture
- Helsinki Declaration for Patient Safety in Anaesthesiology
- History of general anesthesia
- History of neuraxial anesthesia
- History of tracheal intubation
|
---|
Organizations |
- American Association of Nurse Anesthetists
- American Society of Anesthesia Technologists & Technicians
- American Society of Anesthesiologists
- Anaesthesia Trauma and Critical Care
- Association of Anaesthetists of Great Britain and Ireland
- Association of Veterinary Anaesthetists
- Australian and New Zealand College of Anaesthetists
- Australian Society of Anaesthetists
- International Anesthesia Research Society
|
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|
Dentistry
|
---|
Specialties |
- Endodontics
- Oral and maxillofacial pathology
- Oral and maxillofacial radiology
- Oral and maxillofacial surgery
- Orthodontics and dentofacial orthopedics
- Pediatric dentistry
- Periodontics
- Prosthodontics
- Dental public health
- Cosmetic dentistry
- Dental implantology
- Geriatric dentistry
- Restorative dentistry
- Forensic odontology
- Dental traumatology
- Holistic dentistry
|
---|
Dental surgery |
- Dental extraction
- Tooth filling
- Root canal therapy
- Root end surgery
- Scaling and root planing
- Teeth cleaning
- Dental bonding
- Tooth polishing
- Tooth bleaching
- Socket preservation
- Dental implant
|
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Organisations |
- American Association of Orthodontists
- British Dental Association
- British Dental Health Foundation
- British Orthodontic Society
- Canadian Association of Orthodontists
- Dental Technologists Association
- General Dental Council
- Indian Dental Association
- National Health Service
|
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See also |
- Index of oral health and dental articles
- Outline of dentistry and oral health
- Dental fear
- Dental instruments
- Dental material
- History of dental treatments
- Infant oral mutilation
- Mouth assessment
- Oral hygiene
|
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General anesthetics (N01A)
|
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Inhalational |
Chloroethane (ethyl chloride)‡
Chloroform‡
Cyclopropane‡
- Desflurane
Diethyl ether‡
- Enflurane
Ethylene‡
Fluroxene‡
Halothane#
Isoflurane#
- Methoxyflurane
Methoxypropane‡
Nitrous oxide#
- Sevoflurane
Trichloroethylene‡
Vinyl ether‡
- Xenon
|
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Injection |
Phenols |
|
---|
Opioids |
Morphine#
- Oxycodone
Anileridine‡
Embutramide‡
Fentanyl#
- Alfentanil
- Phenoperidine
Remifentanil÷
- Sufentanil
|
---|
Arylcyclohexylamines |
- Esketamine
Ketamine#
Phencyclidine‡
- Tiletamine
|
---|
Neuroactive steroids |
- Alfadolone
- Alfaxalone
- Hydroxydione
|
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Others |
|
---|
|
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#WHO-EM
‡Withdrawn from market
Clinical trials:
†Phase III
§Never to phase III
|
Routes of administration, dosage forms
|
---|
Oral |
Digestive tract (enteral) |
Solids |
- Pill
- Tablet
- Capsule
- Pastille
- Time release technology
Osmotic delivery system (OROS)
|
|
---|
Liquids |
- Decoction
- Elixir
- Electuary
- Emulsion
- Extended-release syrup
- Effervescent powder or tablet
- Herbal tea
- Hydrogel
- Molecular encapsulation
- Powder
- Softgel
- Solution
- Suspension
- Syrup
Syrup Concentrate for dilution and/or addition of carbonated water
- Tincture
|
---|
|
---|
Buccal (sublabial), sublingual
|
Solids |
Orally disintegrating tablet (ODT)
- Film
- Lollipop
Sublingual drops
- Lozenges
Effervescent buccal tablet
- Chewing gum
|
---|
Liquids |
- Mouthwash
- Toothpaste
- Ointment
- Oral spray
|
---|
|
---|
Respiratory tract |
Solids |
- Smoking device
Dry-powder inhaler (DPI)
|
00 |
---|
Liquids |
- Anaesthetic vaporizer
- Vaporizer
- Nebulizer
Metered-dose inhaler (MDI)
|
---|
Gas |
Oxygen mask and Nasal cannula
- Oxygen concentrator
- Anaesthetic machine
- Relative analgesia machine
|
---|
|
---|
|
---|
Ophthalmic, otologic, nasal
|
- Nasal spray
- Ear drops
- Eye drops
- Ointment
- Hydrogel
- Nanosphere suspension
- Insufflation
- Mucoadhesive microdisc (microsphere tablet)
|
---|
Urogenital |
Ointment Pessary (vaginal suppository) Vaginal ring Vaginal douche
Intrauterine device (IUD) Extra-amniotic infusion Intravesical infusion
|
---|
Rectal (enteral) |
- Ointment
- Suppository
Enema
- Murphy drip
- Nutrient enema
|
---|
Dermal |
OintmentTopical creamTopical gelLinimentPasteFilm DMSO drug solution Electrophoretic dermal delivery systemHydrogelLiposomesTransfersome vesiclesCreamLotionLip balmMedicated shampooDermal patchTransdermal patchContact (rubbed into break in the skin)Transdermal sprayJet injector |
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Injection, infusion (into tissue/blood)
|
Skin |
Intradermal Subcutaneous Transdermal implant
|
|
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Organs |
- Intracavernous
- Intravitreal
Intra-articular injection
- Transscleral
|
---|
Central nervous system |
- Intracerebral
- Intrathecal
- Epidural
|
---|
Circulatory, musculoskeletal
|
- Intravenous
- Intracardiac
- Intramuscular
- Intraosseous
- Intraperitoneal
- Nanocell injection
Patient-Controlled Analgesia pump
- PIC line
|
---|
|
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Categories:
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- Anesthetic equipment
- Drug delivery devices
- Dosage forms
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