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Demographics and Culture of Hong Kong
Demographics
Census Health Hong Kong people Hong Kong residents Hong Kong Identity Card Languages Religion Right of abode
Culture
Cinema Comics Cuisine Media Music Opera Public holidays Shopping Sport Literature
Other Hong Kong topics
Economy Education Geography History Politics
v t e

The culture of Hong Kong, or Hongkongese culture, can best be described as a foundation that began with Lingnan's Cantonese culture (which is distinct to begin with) and, to a much lesser extent, non-Cantonese branches of Han Chinese cultures. It later became influenced by British culture due to British colonialism, resulting in a culture characterized by both Cantonese-ness and British-ness (Jyutping: Jyut⁶ jing¹ wui⁶ zeoi⁶; Traditional Chinese: 粵英薈萃). Moreover, Hong Kong also has indigenous people, whose cultures have been absorbed into modern day Hong Kong culture. As a result, after the 1997 transfer of sovereignty to the People's Republic of China, Hong Kong has continued to develop an identity of its own.^[1]

Languages and writing systems

Spoken languages

Hong Kong Cantonese

Hong Kong Cantonese is the Cantonese language (粵語/廣東話/廣州話/廣府話/白話) spoken in Hong Kong. Although it is not one of the Hong Kong indigenous languages,^[2][3] it is the most widely spoken language in Hong Kong nowadays. The Hong Kong style of Cantonese contains many loanwords from English, and also some from Japanese, due to Japan being one of Hong Kong's biggest trade partners and the popularity of Japanese pop culture in the city in the past few decades. Nevertheless, Hong Kong Cantonese is still mutually intelligible with the Cantonese spoken by Cantonese people from mainland China or overseas Chinese of Cantonese ancestry. Cantonese is also the primary language used in Hongkongese cultural products (pop songs, movies, etc.).

One distinctive trait of Hong Kong's Cantonese is that, due to British cultural influences, Hongkongese are noted to have a habit of sprinkling their Cantonese with English words, resulting in a new speech pattern called "Kongish".^[4]

Non-Cantonese Sinitic languages

Hakka language (Jyutping: Haak³ gaa¹ waa²; Traditional Chinese: 客家話) is commonly used in many walled villages (Jyutping: Wai⁴ cyun¹; Traditional Chinese: 圍村) in New Territories and Hakka ethnic communities in Hong Kong, being one of the indigenous languages for Hong Kong indigenous peoples.^[5][6] Hakka is, like Cantonese and Mandarin, a member of the Chinese language family, but has close to zero mutual intelligibility with either. Hakka people also has a distinct culture, differing from Cantonese also in terms of traditional architecture, music, cuisine, and other customs.

Waitau language (Jyutping: Wai⁴ tau⁴ waa²; Traditional Chinese: 圍頭話), another of Hong Kong's indigenous languages,^[2][5] is mostly spoken by the older generation living in walled villages in New Territories. Lastly, the Tanka people (Jyutping: Daan⁶ gaa¹ jan⁴; Traditional Chinese: 蜑家人) from the fishing villages is another group of Hong Kong indigenous peoples. Their language, Tanka (Jyutping: Daan⁶ gaa¹ waa²; Traditional Chinese: 蜑家話), with their own version of Cantonese, is another form of Hong Kong indigenous languages.

Government linguistic policy

Since the 1997 handover, the government has adopted the "biliterate and trilingual" (Jyutping: Loeng³ man⁴ saam¹ jyu⁵; Traditional Chinese: 兩文三語, literally "two writing systems and three languages") policy. Under this principle, "Chinese" (somewhat ambiguously) and English must both be acknowledged as official languages, with Cantonese being acknowledged as the de facto official (at least spoken) variety of Chinese in Hong Kong, while also accepting the use of Mandarin (Jyutping: Pou² tung¹ waa²; Traditional Chinese: 普通話)^[7] in certain occasions.

Writing systems

In terms of writing systems, Hongkongese write using Traditional Chinese characters, which can write all of the words in Mandarin-based Vernacular Chinese, the language in which government documents and most works of literature are written. With the aid of Cantonese characters invented by Hongkongese, the Cantonese language can now be written verbatim, and written Cantonese have been becoming more prevalent since the turn of the 21st century, especially in less formal spheres such as internet forums and advertisements.^[8]

Cultural identity

156 years of rule as a separate British colony, as well as political separation from the rest of Lingnan have resulted in a unique local identity.^[9] Elements of traditional Cantonese culture combined with British influences have shaped Hong Kong in every facet of the city, spanning from law, politics, education, languages, cuisines, and the way of thinking. It is for this reason that many Hongkongese are proud of their culture (such as the Cantonese language, which has a 1000-year-long history and a rich heritage of traditional songs and poems^[10][11][12]) and generally refer themselves as "Hongkongers" or "Hongkongese" (Jyutping: Hoeng¹ gong² ran³; Traditional Chinese: 香港人), to distinguish themselves from the Han Chinese from mainland China (whose culture developed independently).

Academic Kam Louie described Hong Kong's colonial past as creating a "translation space where Chinese-ness was interpreted for 'Westerners' and Western-ness translated for Chinese."^[9]

Society

In Hong Kong, traditional Confucian-derived values such as "family solidarity", "courtesy" and "saving face" carry significant weight in the minds of the people. Hong Kong's mainstream culture is derive from and heavily influenced by the Cantonese from the neighboring province of Guangdong ("Gwongdung" in Cantonese) and their culture, which is considerably different from those of other Han Chinese people. There are also small communities of Hakka, Hokkien, Teochew and Shanghainese people in Hong Kong.

Structurally, one of the first laws to define people's relationships was the Hong Kong Matrimonial Ordinance passed in 1972. The law set the precedent of banning concubinage and same sex marriages with a strict declaration for heterosexual relationships with one partner only.^[13] Other economic changes include families in need of assistance due to both parents working. In particular, foreign domestic helpers have become an integral part of the household since the late 1980s.

Architecture

In terms of architecture, Hong Kong shows Cantonese, British, and indigenous influences. She has several styles of architecture, most notably Cantonese architecture and British architecture. The former is due to the presence of large number of people with Cantonese ancestry, and the latter is most commonly seen in government buildings due to the Britons being the rulers of the city. Hong Kong's indigenous peoples also have their own styles, namely walled villages and pang uk. The major^{[according to whom?]} architectural styles that can be found in Hong Kong include:

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  A Mazu temple in Shek Pai Wan; It clearly shows traits of classical Lingnan style - pale color, rectangular structures, use of reliefs, among others.
  

  
  

  
  


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  Tsang Tai Uk in Shatin; It is also a distinctively Lingnan (Cantonese) building, being a wok yi uk.
  

  
  

  
  


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  Main building of University of Hong Kong; Being a former British colony, Hong Kong naturally has a lot of British architecture, especially in government buildings.
  

  
  

  
  


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  Tong laus in Mongkok; While tong laus can be seen throughout Lingnan, they are especially common in Hong Kong.
  

  
  

  
  


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  Kam Tin walled village; Hong Kong indigenous people built walled villages to protect themselves from rampant privates between 15th to 19th century.
  

  
  

  
  


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  Pang uk in Tai O; Pang uks were built by Tanka people, who had the traditions of living above water and regarding it as an honor.^[14]

  
  

  
  


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  The Chi Lin Nunnery adopted Tang-style architecture.^[15]

  
  

  
  

Hong Kong also contained some Chinese Renaissance style architectures such as King Yin Lei at 45 Stubbs Road,^[16] and St Mary's Church of Sheng Kung Hui (Anglican Communion) in Hong Kong Island.^[17]

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  King Yin Lei
  

  
  

  
  


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  St Mary's Church
  

  
  

  
  

Visual arts

Fine arts

Hong Kong supports a variety of artistic activities. The Hong Kong Arts Centre in Wanchai offers a variety of performance venues and galleries, and is supportive of other arts organisations, while Oi! arts center, located inside the historic Royal Hong Kong Yacht Club, aims to promote visual arts in Hong Kong by providing a platform for art exhibitions, forums and other art-related activities. At the international level, Hong Kong hosts the leading contemporary art fair Art Basel in Asia and is a center for new media art with venues such as Microwave International New Media Arts Festival and Videotage. Even in less urban areas of the city, Hongkongese have also built creative oases such as the Cattle Depot Artist Village and the Fo Tan artistic community. Contemporary visual artists from Hong Kong include Nadim Abbas, Amy Cheung, Choi Yan-chi, Ming Fay, Lai Cheuk Wah Sarah, Tsang Tsou Choi, and Eric Siu.

Hong Kong has recently seen a boom in independent art groups.^[18]

Cantonese fine arts

Hong Kong also hosts several styles of Lingnan (Cantonese) fine arts, including the Lingnan styles of painting and bonsai. For example, Yeung Sin-sum, who is venerated as "the last master of the Lingnan school of painting", is based (though not born) in Hong Kong.^[19] Hong Kong also has an active club supporting Lingnan penjing (English website).

Graffiti art

Graffiti art (Jyutping: Tou⁴ aa¹; Traditional Chinese: 塗鴉) is abundant on Hong Kong streets. The Hong Kong style of graffiti art ranges from calligraphy using Chinese characters to satires against politicians. It is technically illegal in Hong Kong, but lax law enforcement results in the proliferation of graffiti art. Nowadays, graffiti art is omnipresent in the streets of Hong Kong, especially in the busier districts such as Mongkok. The work of Tsang Tsou Choi, one of the most prominent Hong Kong graffiti artists, even had his work sold for more than 50,000 Hong Kong dollars.^[20]

Nowadays, many Hongkongese have started regarding graffiti arts as a symbol of their city and host activities promoting graffiti art.^[21]

Comics

Hong Kong comics (Jyutping: Hoeng¹ gong² maan⁶ waa²; Traditional Chinese: 香港漫畫) are Hong Kong-based comic books that have provided an avenue of expression long before the arrival of television. While readership has fluctuated through different decades, the art form is one of the most consistent in terms of providing highly affordable entertainment. Hong Kong comics are regularly available at news stands in most street corners. Characters such as Old Master Q, Chinese hero and many others have showcased Han Chinese artwork and stories (especially Cantonese ones). Japanese manga have also been translated and fused into local comics libraries.

Canton porcelain

Hongkongese, like their fellow Cantonese, have also dabbled in Canton porcelain. Canton porcelain (Jyutping: Gwong² coi²; Traditional Chinese: 廣彩), also called "Cantonese porcelain", is a distinct style of porcelain that originated from Canton City, the center of Lingnan culture. It primarily involves a specific set of techniques which enable Cantonese to get various colors onto white porcelain, resulting in porcelain products that are unusually bright and colorful. Hongkongese has worked on Canton porcelain in the early 20th century and exported their products even to the Western world. Nowadays, however, as the city has shifted her focus to service and finance, it is mostly hobbyists who would spend time on this style of porcelain art.^[22]

Performing arts

Music

Cantonese opera

Cantonese opera is one of the major categories in Han Chinese opera, originating in southern China's Cantonese culture. Like all branches of Han Chinese opera, it is an art form involving music, singing, martial arts, acrobatics, and acting. Features particular to Cantonese opera include being sung in the Cantonese language, plus its heavy use of makeup and headdresses. Cantonese opera also uses a distinct set of musical instruments. Hong Kong also has a distinct style of Cantonese opera (Jyutping: San⁴ gung¹ hei³; Traditional Chinese: 神功戲, literally "opera using effort of gods") specifically played during Cheung Chau Bun Festival. The art form carries a national identity that goes as far back as the first wave of immigrants to arrive in the 1950s. Nowadays, Sunbeam Theatre is one of the places that hold the tradition.

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Pop music

Cantopop (Jyutping: Jyut⁶ jyu⁵ lau⁴ hang⁴ kuk¹; Traditional Chinese: 粵語流行曲), also called HK-pop, has dominated and become synonymous with local music culture since its birth in Hong Kong, though the gradual fall of Cantopop in the mid-1990s had given rise to other forms of pop culture, mainly Japanese, Korean, and western music. Still, Cantopop enjoys considerable popularity in Cantonese communities across the world. Nowadays, the global influence of Mandarin has slightly influenced the style. Mandopop from Taiwan is gaining ground. Most artists are essentially multilingual, singing in both Cantonese and Mandarin. Hong Kong English pop, Japanese, Korean, and western music are also popular among Hongkongese.

Cinema

The Hong Kong cinema (Jyutping: Gong² caan² pin³; Cantonese: 港產片) industry has been one of the most successful worldwide, especially during the second half of the 20th century. Having received international recognition for directors such as Wong Kar-wai, it has remained a moderate level of prominence despite a severe slump starting in the mid-1990s. Martial artists and film stars such as Jackie Chan and Bruce Lee are known globally, especially in Chinese settlements overseas, historically most of whom have been of Cantonese ancestry and enjoy Cantonese-language entertainment. Many other Hongkongese actors have transitioned over to Hollywood, including Chow Yun-fat and John Woo.

Hong Kong humour

The cinema of Hong Kong is noted for its brands of martial arts movies and comedy. The latter is said to have its own style of humour, which has been termed "Hong Kong humour" (Jyutping: Gong² sik¹ jau¹ mak⁶; Traditional Chinese: 港式幽默) - alluding to British humour.^[23] It is said to be characterized by black comedy and, more distinctively, Mo lei tau, and may have been influenced by British humour.

Television dramas

Locally produced television dramas by the free-to-air networks of TVB and ATV have been fairly popular. They have contributed to a unique cultural identity among the Hongkongese people and served as a cultural resource for the Cantonese community worldwide. However, the gradual demise of ATV and eventually, TVB, because of worsening quality of TV shows and dramas resulted in greater preference for those produced in other Asian nations, namely South Korean, Japanese, and Taiwanese TV shows, which now dominate the latest TV trends in Hong Kong.

Animation

While Hong Kong has had an endless supply from Japanese anime and US Disney animations, China has been trying hard to revitalize the industry. Hong Kong has made contributions in recent years with productions like A Chinese Ghost Story: The Tsui Hark Animation and DragonBlade. Most notably, companies like Imagi Animation Studios located directly in the territory are now pushing 3D-CG animations into the market.

McDull is arguably the most prominent among Hongkongese animations.

Other performing arts

Except for the above, Hong Kong also has available different kinds of performing arts, including drama, dance, and theater. Hong Kong is home to the first full-time comedy club in Asia, The TakeOut Comedy Club Hong Kong.^[24] There are also many government-supported theater companies. More recently, in 2014, Hong Kong had had its first outdoor Shakespeare festival, Shakespeare in the Port performed at Cyberport.^[25]

The following performing artist groups originated from and based in Hong Kong have seen modest success even beyond Asia:

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  Hong Kong Chinese Orchestra, who play Chinese music
  


• Hong Kong Ballet


• Hong Kong Philharmonic Orchestra


• Hong Kong Sinfonietta

Literary culture

Print media

Magazine and newspaper publishers distribute and print in numerous languages, most notably Vernacular Chinese and English. The printed media, especially tabloids but also broadsheet newspapers, lean heavily on sensationalism and celebrity gossips. While the practice is criticized, it continues to sell papers. The media is relatively free from government interference compared to that of mainland China, and newspapers are often politicized; some have even shown skepticism toward the Chinese government in Beijing.^[26]

Broadcasting

In the early 2000s, Hong Kong had two main broadcast television stations, TVB and ATV. The latter was closed in 2016 after a long series of financial issues, and the refusal of the government to renew its broadcasting license. The former, launched in 1967, was the territory's first free-to-air commercial station, and is currently the predominant TV station in the city and can also been seen in the neighboring Gwongdung province and Macau (via cable). Paid cable and satellite television have also been widespread. Hong Kong's soap dramas, comedy series, and a variety of shows have reached mass audiences throughout the world of Chinese languages, primarily Cantonese communities. Many international and pan-Asian broadcasters are also based in Hong Kong, including News Corporation's STAR TV.

Hong Kong literature

Hong Kong literature is the literature produced in Hong Kong. It started in the early 20th century, where successive waves of migrants from mainland China (mostly of Cantonese ancestry) moved to the British-controlled city in their attempts to escape from the then war-torn China. At first, the educated among these migrants felt much resentment for having to stay in Hong Kong, a "land of Southern Barbarians". Many of their works revolved around expressing such sentiments. Starting from the 1950s, however, Hong Kong developed in such a high pace that writers started writing about Hong Kong herself, with topics ranging from local current events and cultures. Nowadays, Hong Kong literature has been fully developed, with numerous prolific writers producing works such as proses and novels. Hong Kong literature is characterized by its heavy use of daily life scenarios - meaning that romance, humor, and satires are popular genres, although Hong Kong has also produced several prominent wuxia (Jyutping: Mou⁵ haap⁶; Traditional Chinese: 武俠) and science fiction writers. Prominent writers of Hong Kong literature include:

Amy Cheung, a writer of romance and proses; Notable works include "Women on the Breadfruit Tree" and "For Love or Money".

Chip Tsao, known for writing proses and articles that discuss cultures (especially Western ones).

Jin Yong, a renowned wuxia writer; Several of his novels have been made into movies and animations.

Ni Kuang, a science fiction writer; He also has had several of his novels made into movies.

Cantonese literature

Lingnan literature was traditionally written in classical Chinese, rather than the peoples' spoken languages. Despite the attempt to create vernacular forms of writing in the late 19th century, the Greater China region still tend to use Vernacular Chinese, a writing system based on Mandarin, not Cantonese (i.e., the peoples' language in the Lingnan region), in writing. Hong Kong is no exception. The vast majority of works of Hong Kong literature were composed in Vernacular Chinese. However, starting from the 21st century, Hong Kong, as a cultural center in the region, has developed a complete writing system for Cantonese.^[27] Some writers in the city now advocate composing literature in written Cantonese.^[8]

Cuisine

Cuisine holds an important place in Hongkongese culture. From dim sum, hot pot (da been lo), fast food, to the rarest delicacies, Hong Kong carries the reputable label of "Gourmet Paradise" and "World's Fair of Food". Hong Kong cuisine, which is influenced by both Western (mainly British) and Chinese (mainly Cantonese) cultures, is very diverse. Despite these, it is not simply a collection of cuisine from other regions of the world, but also has its own style: an example would be Dai pai dong, casual outdoor dining restaurant, primarily providing Cantonese foods. Cha chaan teng (Jyutping: Caa⁴ caan¹ teng¹; Traditional Chinese: 茶餐廳, literally "tea restaurant")^[28][29] came from bing sutt ("ice chamber"). In these "tea restaurants", various set meals are served throughout the day for breakfast, lunch, afternoon tea, and dinner, providing eastern (mostly Cantonese) cuisines, British foods such as egg tarts, and Hongkongese foods, such as Hong Kong-style French toast, Hong Kong drinks, yuanyang, and lemon iced tea.

There are many special foods and drinks in Hong Kong. Hong Kong-style Cantonese pastries are made by most bakeries in Hong Kong, like egg tarts, pineapple buns, wife cake, jin deui and cream bun. Even pastel de nata, a Portuguese egg tart, is being sold in KFC, the fast-food chain restaurant.^[30]Poon choi, a cuisine from Hong Kong's walled villages, also sees popularity among Hongkongese.^[31]

Gallery

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  Za leung is often eaten in Cantonese breakfast.
  

  
  

  
  


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  BBQ pork is a common dish in Cantonese cuisine.
  

  
  

  
  


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  Tong sui is popular among Hongkongese as well.
  

  
  

  
  


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  Mooncakes found in Hong Kong are mostly Cantonese-style, though Hongkongese also have local inventions such as snow skin mooncake.
  

  
  

  
  


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  A cup of Hong Kong-style milk tea
  

  
  

  
  


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  Canto-Western cuisine is common in Hong Kong. It has both "Western" and Chinese (mainly Cantonese) influences.
  

  
  

  
  


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  A bowl of poon choi
  

  
  

  
  


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  Imitation shark fin soup is a popular street snack invented in Hong Kong. It looks like shark fin soup but doesn't use actual shark fins. The soup is either made with synthetic shark fins, cellophane noodles, konjac gel, or other alternatives.
  

  
  

  
  

Traditional celebrations

There are some distinctive holidays that are celebrated in Hong Kong as a part of eastern culture, and not generally in western countries, except among certain overseas Chinese (especially Cantonese) communities. The best-known is Lunar New Year, which occurs approximately a month after Gregorian New Year, variably in late January or early February. In Lunar New Year, Hong Kong people also go to flower fairs by tradition during Lunar New Year,^[32] much like Cantonese from the mainland. Other Han Chinese events include the Dragon Boat Festival, where Zongzi is made by millions at home as part of the tradition, and Mid-Autumn Festival, which involves the massive purchase of Mooncakes from Chinese bakery shops.

There are also several celebrations found only in Hong Kong, namely the Cheung Chau Bun Festival, the Birthday of Che Kung, and Hong Kong Well-wishing Festival.

Religions and beliefs

Religion in Hong Kong is varied, although most Hongkongese are of Cantonese descent and thus practice the Cantonese branch of Chinese folk religion,^[34] which also has elements of Confucian doctrines, Mahayana Buddhism and Taoist ritual traditions. In their Taoist traditions, Hongkongese also show Cantonese characteristics. They, like the Cantonese people in the mainland, traditionally worship Wong Tai Sin^[35] and several other Taoist sea deities, such as Hung Shing and Mazu.

According to official statistics for the year 2010, about 50% of the utter population belongs to organized religions, specifically there are: 1.5 million Hong Kong Buddhists, 1 million Taoists, 480,000 Protestants, 353,000 Catholics, 220,000 Muslims, 40,000 Hindus, 10,000 Sikhs, and other smaller communities.^[36] A significant amount of the adherents of non-indigenous Chinese religions, in some cases the majority, are Hong Kong citizens of non-Han descent.

The other half of the population mostly takes part in other Chinese folk religions, which comprehend the worship of local gods and ancestors, in many cases not declaring this practice as a religious affiliation in surveys. The traditional Cantonese religiosity, including Mahayana Buddhism, was generally discouraged during the British rule over Hong Kong, which favored Christianity.^[34] With the end of British rule and the handover of the sovereignty of the city-state to China, there has been a renewal of Buddhist and folk religions.^[34]

Hong Kong death traditions

The art of "asking the dead" (Jyutping: Man⁶ mai⁵; Traditional Chinese: 問米) has long been a tradition in Hong Kong. It is often common for living people to want to ask dead people about their lives in the underworld. In these rituals, people bring paper-made garments, paper-made money, and paper-made food to burn them, traditionally believing that this could pass the objects to dead people and give the latter a more comfortable afterlife.^[37]

This tradition originated from the Warring States Period in China, at about 476 BCE. This is a common ancient practice in certain parts of Southern China and Hong Kong. However, the number of shops supporting this has been on the decline as people increasingly view this as superstition nowadays.

Leisure

Hongkongese devote much time to leisure. Mahjong is a popular social activity. Family and friends may play for hours at festivals and on public holidays in homes and mahjong parlors. The sight of elderly men playing Chinese chess in public parks, surrounded by watching crowds, is also common. Other board games such as Chinese checkers are enjoyed by people of all ages.

Among teenagers, shopping, eating out, karaoke and video games are popular, with Japan being a major source of digital entertainment for cultural and proximity reasons. There are also popular local inventions such as the video game Little Fighter Online. In the mid 20th century, Hong Kong had some of the most up-to-date arcade games available outside Japan. Negative associations were drawn between triads and video game arcades. Nowadays, soaring popularity of home video game consoles have somewhat diminished the arcade culture.

Shopping

Hong Kong, nicknamed "shopping paradise", is well known for its shopping district with multiple department stores. Many imported goods transported to Hong Kong have lower tax duties than the international standard, making most items affordable for the general public.^[38]

Hong Kong is identified by its materialistic culture and high levels of consumerism. Shops from the lowest end to the most upscale pack the streets in close proximity. Some popular shopping destinations include Mongkok, Tsim Sha Tsui, and Causeway Bay.

Gambling

Gambling is popular in Cantonese culture and Hong Kong is no different. Movies such as the 1980s God of Gamblers have given a rather glamorous image to gambling in Hong Kong. However, gambling is legal only at three established and licensed institutions approved and supervised by the government of Hong Kong: horse racing (in Happy Valley and Sha Tin), the Mark Six lottery, and recently, football (soccer) betting.

Games such as mahjong and many types of card games can be played for pleasure or with money at stake, with many mahjong parlors available. However, mahjong parlors are slowly diminishing as licences are no longer obtainable and, as a result, many old mahjong parlors have been forced to close.

Gambling organizations

The Hong Kong Jockey Club^[39] provides a major avenue for horse racing and gambling to locals, mostly middle-aged males. The club was established in 1844 by the British colonial government, with the first racecourse being built in Happy Valley. The club closed for a few years during World War II due to the Japanese occupation of Hong Kong. In 1975, lottery Mark Six was introduced. And in 2002, the Club offered wagerings for football world championship games including the English FA Premier League and the World Cup.

Martial arts

Martial arts in Hong Kong is accepted as a form of entertainment or exercise. T'ai chi is one of the most popular, especially among the elderly. Groups of people practice the style in parks early in the morning. Many forms of martial arts are also passed down from different generations of Cantonese ancestry. (Mainly Cantonese) Styles ^[40] like praying mantis, snake fist, and crane are some of the most recognized. The atmosphere is also distinct as people practice outdoor in peaks next to ultra modern high rise buildings.

Sports

Despite limited land resources, Hong Kong continues to offer recreational and competitive sports. Locally, sports in Hong Kong is described as "Club Life". Major multipurpose venues like Hong Kong Coliseum and regular citizen facilities like Macpherson Stadium are available. Internationally, Hong Kong has participated in Olympic Games, and numerous other Asian Games events.

Images from Hong Kong

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  Emblem of Hong Kong has a Hong Kong orchid design.
  

  
  

  
  


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  Hong Kong in 1985
  

  
  

  
  


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  The Star ferry is an icon of Hong Kong, being one of the oldest public transport systems in the city and used to be the one of the only ways to get from Hong Kong Island and Kowloon. The star ferry is still popular today providing iconic sights and perspectives from the Victoria Harbour
  

  
  

  
  


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  Pawnbrokers are still common in Hong Kong.
  

  
  

  
  


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  Hong Kong is called the "Gourmet paradise", with cuisines from many parts of the world.
  

  
  

  
  


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  Hong Kong-style French toast
  

  
  

  
  


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  Japanese cuisine is popular in Hong Kong.
  

  
  

  
  


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  Hong Kong is also called the "Shopping paradise", with malls everywhere.
  

  
  

  
  


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  Sampans used to be living spaces of fishermen. Nowadays, they are mostly used for carrying tourists.
  

  
  

  
  


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  Bank of China Tower
  

  
  

  
  


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  Hong Kong Tramways is common in Hong Kong Island
  

  
  

  
  


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  Hong Kong Space Museum
  

  
  

  
  


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  Hong Kong Heritage Museum
  

  
  

  
  


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  Lunar New Year flower fair at Victoria Park in 2012
  

  
  

  
  


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  Mid-Autumn Festival carnival at Victoria Park in 2012
  

  
  

  
  


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  Victoria Harbour at night
  

  
  

  
  


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  A dai pai dong in Pitt Street, Hong Kong
  

  
  

  
  


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  A walled village in Fanling (2017)
  

  
  

  
  


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  Typical public housing in Hong Kong
  

  
  

  
  


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  Entrance of Hong Kong Ocean Park (2006)
  

  
  

  
  


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  University of Hong Kong (1912)
  

  
  

  
  

See also

Symbols of Hong Kong

• Hong Kong orchid


• Lion Rock

Other Hong Kong cultures

• 
  Lion Rock Spirit (aka "Hong Kong's core values"; 香港核心價值)


• Walled villages of Hong Kong


• Cantonese wedding


• Cantonese pre-wedding customs


• Villain hitting


• Bone collecting


• Hong Kong Kids phenomenon


• Ngai jong


• Pawnbrokers in Hong Kong

Hong Kong cultural policy

• Hong Kong cultural policy


• Leisure and Cultural Services Department


• Museums in Hong Kong

Related cultures

• Cantonese culture


• British culture


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  Chinese culture:
  
  • Chinese mythology
  
  
  • Mahjong culture
  
  

References

Further reading

• Chan, Ka-yan and Jennifer Kwok. "Endangered Hong Kong Cultures and Dialects" (Archive). Varsity. School of Journalism and Communication at the Chinese University of Hong Kong, November 2010. Issue 117. p. 40-43.


• Cheung, Kwok-hung Stephen (張國雄). "Traditional folksongs in an urban setting: a study of Hakka Shange in Tai Po, Hong Kong" (Archive). University of Hong Kong, 2004. - Information