Zhao Bing
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| Zhao Bing 趙昺 | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
 | |||||
| Emperor of the Song dynasty | |||||
| Reign | 10 May 1278 – 19 March 1279 | ||||
| Coronation | 10 May 1278 | ||||
| Predecessor | Emperor Duanzong | ||||
| Born | Zhao Bing 12 February 1272 Lin'an, Song Empire (present-day Hangzhou, Zhejiang) | ||||
| Died | 19 March 1279(1279-03-19) (aged 7) Yamen, Guangnan East Circuit, Song Empire (present-day Xinhui, Guangdong) | ||||
| Burial | Shekou, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, China | ||||
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| House | House of Zhao | ||||
| Father | Emperor Duzong | ||||
| Mother | Consort Yu | ||||
| Zhao Bing | |||||||
| Traditional Chinese | 趙昺 | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Simplified Chinese | 赵昺 | ||||||
| Literal meaning | "Glorious Zhao" | ||||||
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| Emperor Bing of Song | |||||||
| Chinese | 宋帝昺 | ||||||
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Zhao Bing (12 February 1272 – 19 March 1279), also known as Emperor Bing of Song or Bing, Emperor of Song (宋帝昺),[notes 1] was the 18th and last emperor of the Song dynasty in China. He was also the ninth and last emperor of the Southern Song dynasty. He reigned for about 313 days from 1278 to 1279 until his death.
Contents
1 Early life
2 Reign
2.1 Patriotic Soup
3 Family
4 See also
5 References
Early life
Zhao Bing was the seventh son of Zhao Qi (Emperor Duzong). His mother was Lady Yu (俞氏), a concubine of Emperor Duzong who held the rank of xiurong (修容). He was a younger half-brother of his predecessors, Zhao Xian (Emperor Gong) (r. 1275–1276) and Zhao Shi (Emperor Duanzong) (r. 1276–1278). He was enfeoffed as the "Prince of Xin" (信王) in 1274. His title was later changed to "Prince of Guang" (廣王).
On 4 February 1276, the Song capital, Lin'an (臨安; present-day Hangzhou), was conquered by forces of the Mongol-led Yuan regime commanded by the general Bayan. Emperor Gong surrendered to the Mongols, but his two brothers, Zhao Shi and Zhao Bing, managed to escape to Southern China with the help of officials such as Yang Liangjie (楊亮節), Lu Xiufu, Zhang Shijie, Chen Yizhong and Wen Tianxiang. They arrived in Jinhua, where Zhao Shi was appointed as Grand Marshal (天下兵馬都元帥) and Zhao Bing was appointed as Vice Grand Marshal (副元帥). Zhao Bing's title was also changed to "Prince of Wei" (衛王). On 14 June 1276, a seven-year-old Zhao Shi was enthroned in Fuzhou as the new emperor; he is historically known as Emperor Duanzong.
The Mongol general Bayan was bent on eliminating the threat posed by Song remnants, so he led his troops in pursuit and attacked southern China. After Emperor Duanzong died of illness in 1278, the Song forces' morale started to dwindle and soldiers began to desert the army. Lu Xiufu brought Zhao Bing to Meiwei (梅蔚), Gangzhou (碙州), which is in present-day Mui Wo, Lantau Island, Hong Kong. There, Zhao Bing was enthroned as the new emperor under the era name "Xiangxing" (祥興); Gangzhou was also renamed "Xianglong County" (祥龍縣). They moved to Yamen (in present-day Xinhui District, Jiangmen, Guangdong Province) to evade the Mongols.
Reign
The Mongols sent the general Zhang Hongfan to lead troops to attack Zhao Bing and the Song remnants, leading to the Battle of Yamen. The Song forces, led by Zhang Shijie, put up fierce resistance against the Mongols in a naval battle but were eventually all wiped out by the enemy. On 19 March 1279, after realising all was lost, Lu Xiufu carried the seven-year-old Emperor Zhao Bing to a cliff, where they committed suicide by throwing themselves into the sea.[1] Zhao Bing's death marked the end of the Song dynasty.
Zhao Bing's tomb is located in present-day Chiwan, Nanshan District, Shenzhen.
Zhao Bing’s unofficial temple name is Huaizong (怀宗)
Patriotic Soup
According to the locals at the Guangdong Province,[2] prior to the final battle with the Yuan forces at Yamen, Zhao Bing and the Song remnants sought shelter in a monastery at Chaozhou. The monastery's monks served a vegetarian soup made of leaf vegetable, edible mushrooms, and vegetable broth. The emperor loved the soup and named it "Protect the Country Dish" (護國菜).[3] A later generation named it in English "Patriotic Soup". After Zhao Bing died, the preparation of the soup became a way to honor the last Song emperor.
Family
- Parents:
Zhao Qi, Duzong (度宗 趙禥; 1240 – 1274)
Xiurong, of the Yu clan (修容 俞氏)
See also
- Chinese emperors family tree (middle)
- List of emperors of the Song dynasty
- Architecture of the Song dynasty
- Culture of the Song dynasty
- Economy of the Song dynasty
- History of the Song dynasty
- Society of the Song dynasty
- Technology of the Song dynasty
- Sung Wong Toi
References
^ David C. Wright (2012). David Andrew Graff; Robin D. S. Higham, eds. A Military History of China. University Press of Kentucky. p. 73. ISBN 978-0-8131-3584-7..mw-parser-output cite.citationfont-style:inherit.mw-parser-output qquotes:"""""""'""'".mw-parser-output code.cs1-codecolor:inherit;background:inherit;border:inherit;padding:inherit.mw-parser-output .cs1-lock-free abackground:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/9px-Lock-green.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center.mw-parser-output .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .cs1-lock-registration abackground:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-gray-alt-2.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center.mw-parser-output .cs1-lock-subscription abackground:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-red-alt-2.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registrationcolor:#555.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription span,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration spanborder-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-errordisplay:none;font-size:100%.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-errorfont-size:100%.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration,.mw-parser-output .cs1-formatfont-size:95%.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-leftpadding-left:0.2em.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-rightpadding-right:0.2em
^ Fang Xiaolan; Chen Jilin (2012). Traditional Chaozhou Cuisine (in Chinese). Hong Kong: Wan Li Book Co. Ltd. pp. 90–91. ISBN 9789621446237.
^ "Nanyuan Restaurant - Authentic GD Cuisine". Nanyuan Restaurant - Authentic GD Cuisine_Others_www.newsgd.com. Retrieved 1 January 2018.
^ Note that the "Bing" refers to the emperor's personal given name. It is not a temple name (usually ending with -zu or -zong) unlike other Song emperors such as Emperor Duanzong, Emperor Duzong, Emperor Taizu, etc.
Toqto'a, ed. (1343). History of Song. Volume 47.
Zhao Bing House of Zhao (960–1279) Born: 1271 Died: 1279 | ||
| Regnal titles | ||
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| Preceded by Emperor Duanzong | Emperor of the Song Dynasty 1278–1279 | Succeeded by Dynasty dissolved |
Emperor of China 1278–1279 | Succeeded by Kublai Khan, Emperor Shizu of Yuan | |
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