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Industrial and Commercial Bank of China Limited

Type	Public
Traded as	SSE: 601398 (A ordinary) SEHK: 1398 (H ordinary) SSE: 360011 (CNY Preference) SEHK: 84602 (CNH Preference) SEHK: 4603 (US$ Preference) SEHK: 4604 (€ Preference) Hang Seng Component
ISIN	CNE1000003G1
Industry	Banking Financial services Investment services
Founded	Beijing, China (1984; 34 years ago (1984))
Headquarters	Beijing, China
Key people	Yi Huiman (Chairman & Executive Director) Luo Xi (Vice president)
Products	Finance and insurance Consumer banking Corporate banking Investment banking Investment management Global wealth management Private equity Mortgage loans Credit cards
Revenue	CN¥641.681 billion(2016)[1]
Operating income	CN¥363.279 billion(2016)[1]
Net income	CN¥279.106 billion(2016)[1]
Total assets	CN¥24.137 trillion(2016)[1]
Total equity	CN¥1.970 trillion(2016)[1]
Owner	Chinese Central Government (70.82% voting rights) – Central Huijin (35%) – Ministry of Finance (34.60%) – China Securities Finance (1.23%) Temasek Holdings (2.44% voting rights) NSSF (2.43% voting rights) others (24.31% voting rights)
Number of employees	461,749(2016)[1]
Chinese name
Simplified Chinese	中国工商银行股份有限公司
Traditional Chinese	中國工商銀行股份有限公司
Literal meaning	China Industrial and Commercial Bank, Company Limited by Shares
Transcriptions Standard Mandarin Hanyu Pinyin Zhōng guó gōng shāng yín háng gǔ fèn yǒu xiàn gōng sī
Alternative Chinese name
Simplified Chinese	中国工商银行
Traditional Chinese	中國工商銀行
Transcriptions Standard Mandarin Hanyu Pinyin Zhōng guó Gōng shāng Yín háng
Second alternative Chinese name
Chinese	工行
Transcriptions Standard Mandarin Hanyu Pinyin Gōng háng
Capital ratio	12.87% (CET1)[1]
Website	icbc.com.cn

Industrial and Commercial Bank of China Limited (abb. ICBC) is a Chinese multinational banking company. It is the largest bank in China, and the largest bank in the world by total assets. It is one of China's "Big Four" state-owned commercial banks (the other three being the Bank of China, Agricultural Bank of China, and China Construction Bank). It was founded as a limited company on January 1, 1984. As of December 2017, it had assets worth US$4.009 trillion.^[2] Generally considered the largest bank and public company in the world by assets;^[3][4][5] it is the first Chinese bank to achieve such a feat.^[6][7][8] It ranks number 1 in The Banker's Top 1000 World Banks ranking, and first on the Forbes Global 2000 list of the world's biggest public companies.^[9]

History

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Possible 1910s connection

In a postscript to the 2004 Chinese drama 立秋 by 姚宝瑄, it is stated that the historical bank 丰德 (the 1910s subject of the play) later became ICBC.

1984

Industrial and Commercial Bank of China (ICBC) opened its very first office branch on 1 January 1984 in Beijing as a local state-run bank.

1999

In 1999, ICBC opened a branch in Luxembourg which became the European headquarters of the bank in 2011.^[10] ICBC (Europe) S.A. operates a network covering branches in major European cities, namely Paris, Amsterdam, Brussels, Milan, Madrid, Barcelona, Warsaw and Lisbon.^[11]

2005

The bank's Hong Kong operations are listed under the name ICBC Asia. It has purchased the Hong Kong subsidiary of Fortis Bank and rebranded it under its own name on 10 October 2005.

2006

In the runup to its planned initial public offering, on 28 April 2006, three "strategic investors" injected US$3.7 billion into ICBC :

• 
  Goldman Sachs purchased a 5.75% stake for US$2.6 billion, the largest sum Goldman Sachs has ever invested-^[12]


• 
  Dresdner Bank (a wholly owned subsidiary of Commerzbank) invested US$1 billion.^[13]


• 
  American Express invested US$200 million.^[13]

World's largest IPO (at the time)

ICBC Beijing branch in 2 Fuxingmen South Street, Beijing

The ICBC building in Xi'an

The ICBC building in Shanghai

The ICBC building in Tokyo

ICBC Canada

Torre Madero Office, the current ICBC headquarters in Buenos Aires

ICBC was simultaneously listed on both the Hong Kong Stock Exchange and Shanghai Stock Exchange on 27 October 2006. It was the world's largest IPO at that time valued at US$21.9 billion, surpassing the previous record US$18.4 billion IPO by Japan's NTT DoCoMo in 1998.^[14] In 2010, Agricultural Bank of China broke ICBC's IPO record when it raised $22.1 billion. China's largest commercial bank was also the first company to debut simultaneously on both the Hong Kong and Shanghai stock exchanges.

ICBC raised at least US$14 billion in Hong Kong (H-shares) and another US$5.1 billion in Shanghai (A-shares). Due to heavy subscriptions, the greenshoe (i.e. over-allotment) placements were exercised and ICBC's take rose to US$21.9 billion (17% of ICBC's market value before the IPO), divided in US$16 billion in Hong Kong and US$5.9 billion in Shanghai. Following the global offering, the free float of shares was 22.14% of the market capitalization.

At the end of its first day of trading, the bank's shares closed up almost 15% at HK$3.52 in Hong Kong, compared with the listing price of HK$3.07, which was set at the top of the indicative range due to the strong demand. According to Bloomberg, ICBC's market capitalisation at the end of trade based on its Hong Kong shares was US$156.3 billion, making its equity the world's fifth highest among banks, just behind JPMorgan Chase. Meanwhile, ICBC's Shanghai-listed A-shares recorded more modest gains and ended up 5.1% from the offering price of RMB 3.12.

2008

In August 2008, ICBC became the second Chinese bank since 1991 to gain federal approval to establish a branch in New York City.^[15]

At the 2008 ALB China Law Awards, ICBC was crowned:

• In-House of the Year - Banking & Financial Services In-House Team of the Year


• In-House of the Year - China In-House Team of the Year

2010

In 2010, ICBC loaned $400 million towards the completion of the Gibe III dam in Ethiopia. Groups that oppose the dam such as International Rivers and Survival International have complained about or have written to ICBC against the dam's funding.^[16][17]

2011

On January 24, 2011, ICBC opened a branch office in Madrid, Spain.^[18]

On 20 May 2011, Industrial and Commercial Bank of China Ltd. established two branches in Pakistan, one in Karachi, the other in Islamabad. On 18 August 2011, ICBC passed the examination from State Bank of Pakistan and started its business in Pakistan.

2012

2012
In November, ICBC acquired for $600 million 80% stake of Standard Bank Argentina and, six months later, the change was made in the 103 branches that the South American bank had in the country. It is the largest operation of a Chinese bank in Latin America. In Argentina, the bank has 1,000,000 individual customers, 30,000 companies of all categories and over 1600 corporate companies.

2013

During the 2013 Korean crisis, the Industrial and Commercial Bank of China halted business with a North Korean bank accused by the United States of financing Pyongyang's missile and nuclear programs.^[19]

It was announced at the end of July 2013 that South Africa’s Standard Bank was in talks to sell its markets business in London to the Industrial and Commercial Bank of China for more than $500 million.^[20]

2014

On September 24, 2014, ICBC Kuwait Branch officially opened in Kuwait City, capital of Kuwait. As the first and currently the only Chinese bank in Kuwait, the establishment of ICBC Kuwait Branch ended the history of no Chinese bank’s presence in Kuwait. Meanwhile, it is also the fourth branch of ICBC in the Middle East, following branches in Dubai, Abu Dhabi and Doha. Kuwaiti Deputy Prime Minister and Minister of Commerce and Industry Abdulmohsen Al-Madaj, Chairman of ICBC Jiang Jianqing, and China’s ambassador to Kuwait Cui Jianchun and other officials and guests attended the opening ceremony held in Kuwait City on September 24.

ICBC is not only the first Chinese bank to set up operating branches in the Middle East, but also the biggest Chinese bank in the region in terms of total number of branches and business scale. The establishment of ICBC Kuwait Branch has further optimized the Bank’s service network in the Middle East and represents another important achievement of the Bank’s international operation strategy. ICBC Kuwait Branch has full-suite banking license, offering high-quality financial products and diversified and comprehensive financial services tailored to customers’ needs. Meanwhile, it will continue cooperating with other ICBC institutions in the Middle East to upgrade its comprehensive service capability in Kuwait.

As discussed by ICBC Senior Officials, the bank is open to alternative banking and financing and would like to seek more guidance on best practices.^[21]

2014 was an outstanding year for ICBC, ranking 1st in the Top 1000 World Banks,^[8] based on tier 1 capital, and also being recognised as The Banker's Global Bank of the Year.^[22]

2015

On May 25, 2015, the Company further strengthened its presence in the Middle East and Europe by purchasing^[23] Turkey's TekstilBank and forming its ICBC Turkey subsidiary.

2016

On February 17, 2016, the Spanish Guardia Civil raided the offices of ICBC in Madrid, Spain, investigating suspicions of money laundering.^[18]

On November 18, 2016, the bank obtained a license to take deposits in Russia.

ICBC Financial Services, the bank’s brokerage unit, provided about $88 billion of repo financing at the end of 2015, up from $59 billion two years ago, according to regulatory filings. The figures are before netting agreements that can be used to reduce overall assets and liabilities. Almost all the repo financing that ICBC provides is on U.S. government bonds.^[24]

2017

ICBC launched robo-advisor service to its wealth-management operations.^[25][26]

In October 2017, the Bank reported a 3.3 percent rise in its net profit for the third quarter.^[27]

Basic figures

As of 2006, ICBC has 2.5 million corporate customers and 150 million individual customers.^[28] In 2005, net profit was up 12.4% to RMB 33.7 billion, and the total loan balance was RMB 3,289.5 billion. Total liabilities are RMB 6,196.2 billion, up 11.2%. Delinquent or non-performing loans (NPL) total RMB 154.4 billion, a significant reduction although the figures are widely regarded as being somewhat higher than officially stated. It has an NPL ratio of 4.69% and a capital adequacy ratio of 9.89%.

As of December 2, 2014, ICBC is ranked the largest bank in the world by assets and by tier 1 capital.^[29] In July 2007 it was ranked 30th in the world in terms of revenue.^[30]

Loans by industry

In millions of Chinese RMB (Yuan) in 2005:

• Manufacturing: 662,376, 20.1% (28.7% in 2004)


• Transportation, storage, postage & telecommunications: 367,371, 11.2% (10.2% in 2004)


• Power, gas and water: 281,179, 8.6% (7.0% in 2004)


• Retail and wholesale, catering: 265,906, 8.1% (6.9% in 2004)


• Property development: 194,024, 5.9%, (5.6% in 2004)


• Social service organization: 103,070, 3.1%, (3.2% in 2004)


• Construction: 89,666, 2.7%, (2.1% in 2004)


• Other industries: 313,804, 9.5%, (12.1% in 2004)


• Discounted bills: 392,717, 11.9%, (8.4% in 2004)


• Personal loans: 515,042, 15.7%, (13.1% in 2004)


• Overseas business:104,398, 3.2%, (2.7% in 2004)

Total: 3,289,553

Loan collateral

• Secured by mortgages: 34.1%


• Secured by other collateral: 22.1%


• Guaranteed loans: 23.3%


• Unsecured loans: 20.5%

Non-performing loans

At the end of 2004, 19.1% of ICBC's portfolio consisted of non-performing loans.^[31] In order to clean up ICBC's balance sheet and prepare it for overseas listing, the Chinese government orchestrated a series of capital injections, asset transfers, and government-subsidised bad loan disposals that eventually cost more than US$162 billion.^[32] This included an approval for a cash injection of US$15 billion (financed from China's massive foreign exchange reserves) on 28 April 2005.^[33] The Beijing-based state company, China Huarong Asset Management, helped ICBC dispose of its bad loans. As the 2005 annual report records, just under 5% of loans are classified as non-performing, in comparison with the majority of western banks who have lower NPL ratios (US commercial banks around 1%).^[34]

Environmental policy and record

In 2008 ICBC was the first Chinese Bank to adopt the Equator Principles, an international set of social and environmental standards for financial institutions launched in 2003.^[35] It has also adopted the Green Credit Policy launched in 2007 by the Chinese Ministry of Environmental Protection.^[36] International environmental groups have criticized ICBC for failing to adhere to its social environmental standards and of being hypocritical, because ICBC is involved in the financing of the controversial Gilgel Gibe III Dam in Ethiopia.^[35]

Subsidiaries

International

• Industrial and Commercial Bank of China (Asia)


• Industrial and Commercial Bank of China (Canada)


• Industrial and Commercial Bank of China (Macau)


• ICBC Turkey

Awards

• 
  Best Banking Performer, China in 2016 by Global Brands Magazine Award. ^[37]


• 
  Global 2000 Rank #1 - World's Largest Public Companies in 2016 ^[38]

• 
  List of Awards to ICBC in 2016 ^[39]

See also

• List of asset management companies of the People's Republic of China

References

External links

• Financial Reports


• 
  (in Chinese) Industrial and Commercial Bank of China
  


• Industrial and Commercial Bank of China