49th United States Congress
49th United States Congress | |
---|---|
48th ← → 50th | |
United States Capitol (1906) | |
March 4, 1885 – March 4, 1887 | |
Senate President | Thomas A. Hendricks (D) until November 25, 1885 Vacant from November 25, 1885 |
Senate Pres. pro tem | John Sherman (R) John Ingalls (R) |
House Speaker | John Carlisle (D) |
Members | 76 senators 325 representatives 8 non-voting delegates |
Senate Majority | Republican |
House Majority | Democratic |
Sessions | |
Special: March 4, 1885 – April 2, 1885 1st: December 7, 1885 – August 5, 1886 2nd: December 6, 1886 – March 3, 1887 |
The Forty-ninth United States Congress was a meeting of the legislative branch of the United States federal government, consisting of the United States Senate and the United States House of Representatives. It met in Washington, D.C. from March 4, 1885, to March 4, 1887, during the first two years of Grover Cleveland's first presidency. The apportionment of seats in the House of Representatives was based on the Tenth Census of the United States in 1880. The Senate had a Republican majority, and the House had a Democratic majority.
Contents
1 Major events
2 Major legislation
3 Party summary
3.1 Senate
3.2 House of Representatives
4 Leadership
4.1 Senate
4.2 House of Representatives
5 Members
5.1 Senate
5.1.1 Alabama
5.1.2 Arkansas
5.1.3 California
5.1.4 Colorado
5.1.5 Connecticut
5.1.6 Delaware
5.1.7 Florida
5.1.8 Georgia
5.1.9 Illinois
5.1.10 Indiana
5.1.11 Iowa
5.1.12 Kansas
5.1.13 Kentucky
5.1.14 Louisiana
5.1.15 Maine
5.1.16 Maryland
5.1.17 Massachusetts
5.1.18 Michigan
5.1.19 Minnesota
5.1.20 Mississippi
5.1.21 Missouri
5.1.22 Nebraska
5.1.23 Nevada
5.1.24 New Hampshire
5.1.25 New Jersey
5.1.26 New York
5.1.27 North Carolina
5.1.28 Ohio
5.1.29 Oregon
5.1.30 Pennsylvania
5.1.31 Rhode Island
5.1.32 South Carolina
5.1.33 Tennessee
5.1.34 Texas
5.1.35 Vermont
5.1.36 Virginia
5.1.37 West Virginia
5.1.38 Wisconsin
5.2 House of Representatives
5.2.1 Alabama
5.2.2 Arkansas
5.2.3 California
5.2.4 Colorado
5.2.5 Connecticut
5.2.6 Delaware
5.2.7 Florida
5.2.8 Georgia
5.2.9 Illinois
5.2.10 Indiana
5.2.11 Iowa
5.2.12 Kansas
5.2.13 Kentucky
5.2.14 Louisiana
5.2.15 Maine
5.2.16 Maryland
5.2.17 Massachusetts
5.2.18 Michigan
5.2.19 Minnesota
5.2.20 Mississippi
5.2.21 Missouri
5.2.22 Nebraska
5.2.23 Nevada
5.2.24 New Hampshire
5.2.25 New Jersey
5.2.26 New York
5.2.27 North Carolina
5.2.28 Ohio
5.2.29 Oregon
5.2.30 Pennsylvania
5.2.31 Rhode Island
5.2.32 South Carolina
5.2.33 Tennessee
5.2.34 Texas
5.2.35 Vermont
5.2.36 Virginia
5.2.37 West Virginia
5.2.38 Wisconsin
5.2.39 Non-voting members
6 Changes in membership
6.1 Senate
6.2 House of Representatives
7 Committees
7.1 Senate
7.2 House of Representatives
7.3 Joint committees
8 Caucuses
9 Employees
9.1 Senate
9.2 House of Representatives
10 See also
11 References
12 External links
Major events
- March 4, 1885: Grover Cleveland became President of the United States
- November 25, 1885: Vice President Thomas A. Hendricks died
Major legislation
- January 19, 1886: Presidential Succession Act of 1886, ch. 4, 24 Stat. 1
- February 3, 1887: Electoral Count Act, ch. 90, 24 Stat. 373
- February 4, 1887: Interstate Commerce Act, ch. 104, 24 Stat. 379
- February 8, 1887: Indian General Allotment Act ("Dawes Act"), ch. 119, 24 Stat. 388
- March 2, 1887: Agricultural Experiment Stations Act of 1887
- March 2, 1887: Hatch Act of 1887, ch. 314, 24 Stat. 440
- March 3, 1887: Tucker Act, ch. 359, 24 Stat. 505
- March 3, 1887: Edmunds–Tucker Act, ch. 397 24 Stat. 635
Party summary
The count below identifies party affiliations at the beginning of the first session of this Congress, and includes members from vacancies and newly admitted states, when they were first seated. Changes resulting from subsequent replacements are shown below in the "Changes in membership" section.
Senate
Party (shading shows control) | Total | Vacant | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Democratic (D) | Readjuster (RA) | Republican (R) | |||
End of the previous congress | 36 | 2 | 38 | 76 | 0 |
Begin | 34 | 2 | 37 | 73 | 3 |
End | 40 | 76 | 0 | ||
Final voting share | 7001447000000000000♠44.7% | 7000260000000000000♠2.6% | 7001526000000000000♠52.6% | ||
Beginning of the next congress | 36 | 1 | 38 | 75 | 1 |
House of Representatives
Democratic: 182 (majority)
Republican: 141
National Greenback: 1- Independent Democratic: 1
TOTAL members: 325
Leadership
Senate
President: Thomas A. Hendricks (D), until November 25, 1885; vacant thereafter
President pro tempore: John Sherman (R), December 7, 1885 – February 26, 1887
John J. Ingalls (R), from February 26, 1887
Republican Conference Chairman: George F. Edmunds
Democratic Caucus Chairman: James B. Beck
Democratic Campaign Committee Chairman: Arthur Pue Gorman
House of Representatives
Speaker: John G. Carlisle (D)
Democratic Caucus Chairman: John Randolph Tucker
Republican Conference Chair: Joseph Gurney Cannon
Members
Senate
Senators were elected by the state legislatures every two years, with one-third beginning new six-year terms with each Congress. Preceding the names in the list below are Senate class numbers, which indicate the cycle of their election. In this Congress, Class 1 meant their term ended with this Congress, requiring reelection in 1886; Class 2 meant their term began in the last Congress, requiring reelection in 1888; and Class 3 meant their term began in this Congress, requiring reelection in 1890.
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House of Representatives
The names of members of the House of Representatives are listed by district.
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Changes in membership
The count below reflects changes from the beginning of the first session of this Congress.
Senate
- replacements: 7
Democratic: 1 seat net gain
Republican: 1 seat net loss- Liberal Republican: 1 seat net loss
- deaths: 3
- resignations: 6
- interim appointments: 1
- Total seats with changes: 9
State (class) | Vacator | Reason for Vacancy | Subsequent | Date of successor's installation |
---|---|---|---|---|
New Hampshire (3) | Vacant | Appointed to fill vacancy in term. | Henry W. Blair (R) | March 5, 1885 |
Oregon (3) | Vacant | Failure to elect. | Charles N. Felton (R) | November 18, 1885 |
Arkansas (2) | Augustus H. Garland (D) | Resigned March 6, 1885, after being appointed United States Attorney General. Successor was elected. | James H. Berry (D) | March 20, 1885 |
Delaware (1) | Thomas F. Bayard (D) | Resigned March 6, 1885, after being appointed United States Secretary of State. Successor was elected. | George Gray (D) | March 18, 1885 |
Mississippi (2) | Lucius Q. C. Lamar II (D) | Resigned March 6, 1885, after being appointed United States Secretary of the Interior. Successor was appointed and subsequently elected. | Edward C. Walthall (D) | March 9, 1885 |
California (1) | John F. Miller (R) | Died March 8, 1886. Successor was appointed. | George Hearst (D) | March 23, 1886 |
Tennessee (1) | Howell E. Jackson (D) | Resigned April 14, 1886, after being appointed judge for the United States Circuit Court for the Sixth Circuit. Successor was appointed. | Washington C. Whitthorne (D) | April 16, 1886 |
California (1) | George Hearst (D) | Successor was elected August 4, 1886. | Abram Williams (R) | March 23, 1886 |
New Hampshire (2) | Austin F. Pike (R) | Died October 8, 1886. Successor was appointed. | Person C. Cheney (R) | January 19, 1887 |
Illinois (3) | John A. Logan (R) | Died December 26, 1886. Successor was elected. | Charles B. Farwell (R) | January 19, 1887 |
House of Representatives
- replacements: 11
Democratic: 2 seat net gain
Republican: 2 seat net loss
- deaths: 8
- resignations: 7
- contested election: 1
- Total seats with changes: 16
District | Vacator | Reason for change | Successor | Date successor seated |
---|---|---|---|---|
Pennsylvania 19th | Vacant | Elected to finish term of Rep. William A. Duncan resigned during previous congress | John A. Swope (D) | November 3, 1885 |
Arkansas 3rd | Vacant | Elected to finish term of Rep. James K. Jones resigned during previous congress | Thomas C. McRae (D) | December 7, 1885 |
New York 8th | Samuel S. Cox (D) | Resigned May 20, 1885, after being appointed Minister to the Ottoman Empire | Timothy J. Campbell (D) | November 3, 1885 |
Illinois 5th | Reuben Ellwood (R) | Died July 1, 1885 | Albert J. Hopkins (R) | December 7, 1885 |
Wisconsin 5th | Joseph Rankin (D) | Died January 24, 1886 | Thomas R. Hudd (D) | March 8, 1886 |
Louisiana 2nd | Michael Hahn (R) | Died March 15, 1886 | Nathaniel D. Wallace (D) | December 9, 1886 |
New York 9th | Joseph Pulitzer (D) | Resigned April 10, 1886 | Samuel S. Cox (D) | November 2, 1886 |
Maryland 3rd | William H. Cole (D) | Died July 8, 1886 | Harry W. Rusk (D) | November 2, 1886 |
New York 15th | Lewis Beach (D) | Died August 10, 1886 | Henry Bacon (D) | December 6, 1886 |
New York 28th | John Arnot, Jr. (D) | Died November 20, 1886 | Vacant until next Congress | |
Wisconsin 8th | William T. Price (R) | Died December 6, 1886 | Hugh H. Price (R) | January 18, 1887 |
New York 12th | Abraham Dowdney (D) | Died December 10, 1886 | Vacant until next Congress | |
New York 10th | Abram Hewitt (D) | Resigned December 30, 1886, after being elected Mayor of New York | Vacant until next Congress | |
North Carolina 5th | James W. Reid (D) | Resigned December 31, 1886 | Vacant until next Congress | |
New Jersey 3rd | Robert S. Green (D) | Resigned January 17, 1887, after being elected Governor of New Jersey | Vacant until next Congress | |
Rhode Island 2nd | William A. Pirce (R) | Seat declared vacant January 25, 1887, due to election irregularities | Charles H. Page (D) | February 21, 1887 |
Committees
Lists of committees and their party leaders, for members (House and Senate) of the committees and their assignments, go into the Official Congressional Directory at the bottom of the article and click on the link (5 links), in the directory after the pages of terms of service, you will see the committees of the Senate, House (Standing with Subcommittees, Select and Special) and Joint and after the committee pages, you will see the House/Senate committee assignments in the directory, on the committees section of the House and Senate in the Official Congressional Directory, the committee's members on the first row on the left side shows the chairman of the committee and on the right side shows the ranking member of the committee.
Senate
Additional Accommodations for the Library of Congress (Select)- Agriculture and Forestry
- Appropriations
- Audit and Control the Contingent Expenses of the Senate
- Civil Service and Retrenchment
- Claims
- Coast Defenses
- Commerce
Compensation of Members of Congress (Select)
Distributing Public Revenue Among the States (Select)- District of Columbia
- Education and Labor
- Engrossed Bills
- Enrolled Bills
Epidemic Diseases (Select)- Examine the Several Branches in the Civil Service
Executive Departments Methods (Select)- Expenditures of Public Money
- Finance
- Fisheries
- Foreign Relations
- Indian Affairs
Indian Traders (Select)
Interstate Commerce (Select)- Judiciary
- Library
- Manufactures
- Military Affairs
- Mines and Mining
Mississippi River and its Tributaries (Select)- Naval Affairs
Nicaraguan Claims (Select)
Ordnance and War Ships (Select)- Patents
- Pensions
- Post Office and Post Roads
Potomac River Front (Select)- Printing
- Private Land Claims
- Privileges and Elections
- Public Buildings and Grounds
- Public Lands
- Railroads
- Revision of the Laws
- Revolutionary Claims
- Rules
Tariff Regulation (Select)
Tenth Census (Select)- Territories
- Transportation Routes to the Seaboard
- Whole
Woman Suffrage (Select)
House of Representatives
- Accounts
Admission to the Floor (Select)- Agriculture
Alcoholic Liquor Traffic (Select)
American Ship building (Select)- Appropriations
- Banking and Currency
- Claims
- Coinage, Weights and Measures
- Commerce
- District of Columbia
- Education
- Elections
- Enrolled Bills
- Expenditures in the Interior Department
- Expenditures in the Justice Department
- Expenditures in the Navy Department
- Expenditures in the Post Office Department
- Expenditures in the State Department
- Expenditures in the Treasury Department
- Expenditures in the War Department
- Expenditures on Public Buildings
- Foreign Affairs
- Indian Affairs
- Invalid Pensions
- Labor
- Levees and Improvements of the Mississippi River
- Manufactures
- Mileage
- Military Affairs
- Militia
- Mines and Mining
- Naval Affairs
- Pacific Railroads
- Patents
- Pensions
- Post Office and Post Roads
- Public Buildings and Grounds
- Public Lands
- Railways and Canals
- Revision of Laws
- Rivers and Harbors
- Rules
- Standards of Official Conduct
- Territories
- War Claims
- Ways and Means
- Whole
Joint committees
Conditions of Indian Tribes (Special)- Scientific Bureaus
Caucuses
Democratic (House)
Democratic (Senate)
Employees
Architect of the Capitol: Edward Clark
Librarian of Congress: Ainsworth Rand Spofford
Public Printer of the United States: Sterling P. Rounds (until 1886), Thomas E. Benedict (starting 1886)
Senate
Secretary of the Senate: Anson G. McCook
Sergeant at Arms: William P. Canady
Chaplain:
Elias D. Huntley, Methodist, elected December 18, 1883
John G. Butler, Lutheran, elected March 15, 1886
House of Representatives
Chaplain: William H. Milburn (Methodist)
Doorkeeper: Samuel Donelson
Clerk: John B. Clark, Jr.
Clerk at the Speaker’s Table: Nathaniel T. Crutchfield
Postmaster: Lycurgus Dalton
Reading Clerks: [Data unknown/missing.]
Sergeant at Arms: John P. Leedom
See also
United States elections, 1884 (elections leading to this Congress)- United States presidential election, 1884
- United States Senate elections, 1884
- United States House of Representatives elections, 1884
United States elections, 1886 (elections during this Congress, leading to the next Congress)- United States Senate elections, 1886
- United States House of Representatives elections, 1886
References
^ "THE 25th PRESIDENTIAL INAUGURATION / Grover Cleveland / March 4, 1885". United States Congress Joint Committee on Inaugural Ceremonies.
Martis, Kenneth C. (1989). The Historical Atlas of Political Parties in the United States Congress. New York: Macmillan Publishing Company.
Martis, Kenneth C. (1982). The Historical Atlas of United States Congressional Districts. New York: Macmillan Publishing Company.
External links
- Biographical Directory of the U.S. Congress
- U.S. House of Representatives: House History
- U.S. Senate: Statistics and Lists
Congressional Directory for the 49th Congress, 1st Session.
Congressional Directory for the 49th Congress, 1st Session (1st Revision).
Congressional Directory for the 49th Congress, 1st Session (2nd Revision).
Congressional Directory for the 49th Congress, 2nd Session.
Congressional Directory for the 49th Congress, 2nd Session (Revision).