49th United States Congress

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49th United States Congress


48th ←

→ 50th


USCapitol1906.jpg

United States Capitol (1906)

March 4, 1885 – March 4, 1887
Senate President
Thomas A. Hendricks (D)
until November 25, 1885
Vacant
from November 25, 1885
Senate Pres. pro tem
John Sherman (R)
John Ingalls (R)
House Speaker
John Carlisle (D)
Members
76 senators
325 representatives
8 non-voting delegates
Senate Majority
Republican
House Majority
Democratic
Sessions

Special: March 4, 1885 – April 2, 1885
1st: December 7, 1885 – August 5, 1886
2nd: December 6, 1886 – March 3, 1887

The Forty-ninth United States Congress was a meeting of the legislative branch of the United States federal government, consisting of the United States Senate and the United States House of Representatives. It met in Washington, D.C. from March 4, 1885, to March 4, 1887, during the first two years of Grover Cleveland's first presidency. The apportionment of seats in the House of Representatives was based on the Tenth Census of the United States in 1880. The Senate had a Republican majority, and the House had a Democratic majority.





Contents





  • 1 Major events


  • 2 Major legislation


  • 3 Party summary

    • 3.1 Senate


    • 3.2 House of Representatives



  • 4 Leadership

    • 4.1 Senate


    • 4.2 House of Representatives



  • 5 Members

    • 5.1 Senate

      • 5.1.1 Alabama


      • 5.1.2 Arkansas


      • 5.1.3 California


      • 5.1.4 Colorado


      • 5.1.5 Connecticut


      • 5.1.6 Delaware


      • 5.1.7 Florida


      • 5.1.8 Georgia


      • 5.1.9 Illinois


      • 5.1.10 Indiana


      • 5.1.11 Iowa


      • 5.1.12 Kansas


      • 5.1.13 Kentucky


      • 5.1.14 Louisiana


      • 5.1.15 Maine


      • 5.1.16 Maryland


      • 5.1.17 Massachusetts


      • 5.1.18 Michigan


      • 5.1.19 Minnesota


      • 5.1.20 Mississippi


      • 5.1.21 Missouri


      • 5.1.22 Nebraska


      • 5.1.23 Nevada


      • 5.1.24 New Hampshire


      • 5.1.25 New Jersey


      • 5.1.26 New York


      • 5.1.27 North Carolina


      • 5.1.28 Ohio


      • 5.1.29 Oregon


      • 5.1.30 Pennsylvania


      • 5.1.31 Rhode Island


      • 5.1.32 South Carolina


      • 5.1.33 Tennessee


      • 5.1.34 Texas


      • 5.1.35 Vermont


      • 5.1.36 Virginia


      • 5.1.37 West Virginia


      • 5.1.38 Wisconsin



    • 5.2 House of Representatives

      • 5.2.1 Alabama


      • 5.2.2 Arkansas


      • 5.2.3 California


      • 5.2.4 Colorado


      • 5.2.5 Connecticut


      • 5.2.6 Delaware


      • 5.2.7 Florida


      • 5.2.8 Georgia


      • 5.2.9 Illinois


      • 5.2.10 Indiana


      • 5.2.11 Iowa


      • 5.2.12 Kansas


      • 5.2.13 Kentucky


      • 5.2.14 Louisiana


      • 5.2.15 Maine


      • 5.2.16 Maryland


      • 5.2.17 Massachusetts


      • 5.2.18 Michigan


      • 5.2.19 Minnesota


      • 5.2.20 Mississippi


      • 5.2.21 Missouri


      • 5.2.22 Nebraska


      • 5.2.23 Nevada


      • 5.2.24 New Hampshire


      • 5.2.25 New Jersey


      • 5.2.26 New York


      • 5.2.27 North Carolina


      • 5.2.28 Ohio


      • 5.2.29 Oregon


      • 5.2.30 Pennsylvania


      • 5.2.31 Rhode Island


      • 5.2.32 South Carolina


      • 5.2.33 Tennessee


      • 5.2.34 Texas


      • 5.2.35 Vermont


      • 5.2.36 Virginia


      • 5.2.37 West Virginia


      • 5.2.38 Wisconsin


      • 5.2.39 Non-voting members




  • 6 Changes in membership

    • 6.1 Senate


    • 6.2 House of Representatives



  • 7 Committees

    • 7.1 Senate


    • 7.2 House of Representatives


    • 7.3 Joint committees



  • 8 Caucuses


  • 9 Employees

    • 9.1 Senate


    • 9.2 House of Representatives



  • 10 See also


  • 11 References


  • 12 External links




Major events





First presidential inauguration of Grover Cleveland, March 4, 1885, on the East Portico of the U.S. Capitol. "Fellow-Citizens: In the presence of this vast assemblage of my countrymen I am about to supplement and seal by the oath which I shall take the manifestation of the will of a great and free people…."[1]



  • March 4, 1885: Grover Cleveland became President of the United States

  • November 25, 1885: Vice President Thomas A. Hendricks died


Major legislation



  • January 19, 1886: Presidential Succession Act of 1886, ch. 4, 24 Stat. 1

  • February 3, 1887: Electoral Count Act, ch. 90, 24 Stat. 373

  • February 4, 1887: Interstate Commerce Act, ch. 104, 24 Stat. 379

  • February 8, 1887: Indian General Allotment Act ("Dawes Act"), ch. 119, 24 Stat. 388

  • March 2, 1887: Agricultural Experiment Stations Act of 1887

  • March 2, 1887: Hatch Act of 1887, ch. 314, 24 Stat. 440

  • March 3, 1887: Tucker Act, ch. 359, 24 Stat. 505

  • March 3, 1887: Edmunds–Tucker Act, ch. 397 24 Stat. 635


Party summary


The count below identifies party affiliations at the beginning of the first session of this Congress, and includes members from vacancies and newly admitted states, when they were first seated. Changes resulting from subsequent replacements are shown below in the "Changes in membership" section.



Senate



















































Party
(shading shows control)
Total
Vacant

Democratic
(D)

Readjuster
(RA)

Republican
(R)
End of the previous congress

36

2

38
76
0

Begin

34

2

37

73
3
End 40 760
Final voting share 7001447000000000000♠44.7% 7000260000000000000♠2.6% 7001526000000000000♠52.6%
Beginning of the next congress

36

1

38
75
1


House of Representatives








House seats by party holding plurality in state


  80+% to 100% Democratic


  80+% to 100% Republican


  60+% to 80% Democratic


  60+% to 80% Republican


  Up to 60% Democratic


  Up to 60% Republican



  • Democratic: 182 (majority)


  • Republican: 141


  • National Greenback: 1

  • Independent Democratic: 1

TOTAL members: 325



Leadership



Senate



  • President: Thomas A. Hendricks (D), until November 25, 1885; vacant thereafter


  • President pro tempore: John Sherman (R), December 7, 1885 – February 26, 1887

    • John J. Ingalls (R), from February 26, 1887


  • Republican Conference Chairman: George F. Edmunds


  • Democratic Caucus Chairman: James B. Beck


  • Democratic Campaign Committee Chairman: Arthur Pue Gorman


House of Representatives



  • Speaker: John G. Carlisle (D)


  • Democratic Caucus Chairman: John Randolph Tucker


  • Republican Conference Chair: Joseph Gurney Cannon


Members



Senate


Senators were elected by the state legislatures every two years, with one-third beginning new six-year terms with each Congress. Preceding the names in the list below are Senate class numbers, which indicate the cycle of their election. In this Congress, Class 1 meant their term ended with this Congress, requiring reelection in 1886; Class 2 meant their term began in the last Congress, requiring reelection in 1888; and Class 3 meant their term began in this Congress, requiring reelection in 1890.










House of Representatives


The names of members of the House of Representatives are listed by district.










Changes in membership


The count below reflects changes from the beginning of the first session of this Congress.



Senate


  • replacements: 7

    • Democratic: 1 seat net gain


    • Republican: 1 seat net loss

    • Liberal Republican: 1 seat net loss


  • deaths: 3

  • resignations: 6

  • interim appointments: 1

  • Total seats with changes: 9
























































State
(class)
Vacator
Reason for Vacancy
Subsequent
Date of successor's installation

New Hampshire
(3)
Vacant
Appointed to fill vacancy in term.

Henry W. Blair (R)
March 5, 1885

Oregon
(3)
Vacant
Failure to elect.

Charles N. Felton (R)
November 18, 1885

Arkansas
(2)

Augustus H. Garland (D)
Resigned March 6, 1885, after being appointed United States Attorney General. Successor was elected.

James H. Berry (D)
March 20, 1885

Delaware
(1)

Thomas F. Bayard (D)
Resigned March 6, 1885, after being appointed United States Secretary of State. Successor was elected.

George Gray (D)
March 18, 1885

Mississippi
(2)

Lucius Q. C. Lamar II (D)
Resigned March 6, 1885, after being appointed United States Secretary of the Interior. Successor was appointed and subsequently elected.

Edward C. Walthall (D)
March 9, 1885

California
(1)

John F. Miller (R)
Died March 8, 1886. Successor was appointed.

George Hearst (D)
March 23, 1886

Tennessee
(1)

Howell E. Jackson (D)
Resigned April 14, 1886, after being appointed judge for the United States Circuit Court for the Sixth Circuit. Successor was appointed.

Washington C. Whitthorne (D)
April 16, 1886

California
(1)

George Hearst (D)
Successor was elected August 4, 1886.

Abram Williams (R)
March 23, 1886

New Hampshire
(2)

Austin F. Pike (R)
Died October 8, 1886. Successor was appointed.

Person C. Cheney (R)
January 19, 1887

Illinois
(3)

John A. Logan (R)
Died December 26, 1886. Successor was elected.

Charles B. Farwell (R)
January 19, 1887


House of Representatives


  • replacements: 11

    • Democratic: 2 seat net gain


    • Republican: 2 seat net loss


  • deaths: 8

  • resignations: 7

  • contested election: 1

  • Total seats with changes: 16

















































































District
Vacator
Reason for change
Successor
Date successor seated

Pennsylvania 19th
Vacant
Elected to finish term of Rep. William A. Duncan resigned during previous congress

John A. Swope (D)
November 3, 1885

Arkansas 3rd
Vacant
Elected to finish term of Rep. James K. Jones resigned during previous congress

Thomas C. McRae (D)
December 7, 1885

New York 8th

Samuel S. Cox (D)
Resigned May 20, 1885, after being appointed Minister to the Ottoman Empire

Timothy J. Campbell (D)
November 3, 1885

Illinois 5th

Reuben Ellwood (R)
Died July 1, 1885

Albert J. Hopkins (R)
December 7, 1885

Wisconsin 5th

Joseph Rankin (D)
Died January 24, 1886

Thomas R. Hudd (D)
March 8, 1886

Louisiana 2nd

Michael Hahn (R)
Died March 15, 1886

Nathaniel D. Wallace (D)
December 9, 1886

New York 9th

Joseph Pulitzer (D)
Resigned April 10, 1886

Samuel S. Cox (D)
November 2, 1886

Maryland 3rd

William H. Cole (D)
Died July 8, 1886

Harry W. Rusk (D)
November 2, 1886

New York 15th

Lewis Beach (D)
Died August 10, 1886

Henry Bacon (D)
December 6, 1886

New York 28th

John Arnot, Jr. (D)
Died November 20, 1886
Vacant until next Congress

Wisconsin 8th

William T. Price (R)
Died December 6, 1886

Hugh H. Price (R)
January 18, 1887

New York 12th

Abraham Dowdney (D)
Died December 10, 1886
Vacant until next Congress

New York 10th

Abram Hewitt (D)
Resigned December 30, 1886, after being elected Mayor of New York
Vacant until next Congress

North Carolina 5th

James W. Reid (D)
Resigned December 31, 1886
Vacant until next Congress

New Jersey 3rd

Robert S. Green (D)
Resigned January 17, 1887, after being elected Governor of New Jersey
Vacant until next Congress

Rhode Island 2nd

William A. Pirce (R)
Seat declared vacant January 25, 1887, due to election irregularities

Charles H. Page (D)
February 21, 1887


Committees


Lists of committees and their party leaders, for members (House and Senate) of the committees and their assignments, go into the Official Congressional Directory at the bottom of the article and click on the link (5 links), in the directory after the pages of terms of service, you will see the committees of the Senate, House (Standing with Subcommittees, Select and Special) and Joint and after the committee pages, you will see the House/Senate committee assignments in the directory, on the committees section of the House and Senate in the Official Congressional Directory, the committee's members on the first row on the left side shows the chairman of the committee and on the right side shows the ranking member of the committee.



Senate



  • Additional Accommodations for the Library of Congress (Select)

  • Agriculture and Forestry

  • Appropriations

  • Audit and Control the Contingent Expenses of the Senate

  • Civil Service and Retrenchment

  • Claims

  • Coast Defenses

  • Commerce


  • Compensation of Members of Congress (Select)


  • Distributing Public Revenue Among the States (Select)

  • District of Columbia

  • Education and Labor

  • Engrossed Bills

  • Enrolled Bills


  • Epidemic Diseases (Select)

  • Examine the Several Branches in the Civil Service


  • Executive Departments Methods (Select)

  • Expenditures of Public Money

  • Finance

  • Fisheries

  • Foreign Relations

  • Indian Affairs


  • Indian Traders (Select)


  • Interstate Commerce (Select)

  • Judiciary

  • Library

  • Manufactures

  • Military Affairs

  • Mines and Mining


  • Mississippi River and its Tributaries (Select)

  • Naval Affairs


  • Nicaraguan Claims (Select)


  • Ordnance and War Ships (Select)

  • Patents

  • Pensions

  • Post Office and Post Roads


  • Potomac River Front (Select)

  • Printing

  • Private Land Claims

  • Privileges and Elections

  • Public Buildings and Grounds

  • Public Lands

  • Railroads

  • Revision of the Laws

  • Revolutionary Claims

  • Rules


  • Tariff Regulation (Select)


  • Tenth Census (Select)

  • Territories

  • Transportation Routes to the Seaboard

  • Whole


  • Woman Suffrage (Select)


House of Representatives


  • Accounts


  • Admission to the Floor (Select)

  • Agriculture


  • Alcoholic Liquor Traffic (Select)


  • American Ship building (Select)

  • Appropriations

  • Banking and Currency

  • Claims

  • Coinage, Weights and Measures

  • Commerce

  • District of Columbia

  • Education

  • Elections

  • Enrolled Bills

  • Expenditures in the Interior Department

  • Expenditures in the Justice Department

  • Expenditures in the Navy Department

  • Expenditures in the Post Office Department

  • Expenditures in the State Department

  • Expenditures in the Treasury Department

  • Expenditures in the War Department

  • Expenditures on Public Buildings

  • Foreign Affairs

  • Indian Affairs

  • Invalid Pensions

  • Labor

  • Levees and Improvements of the Mississippi River

  • Manufactures

  • Mileage

  • Military Affairs

  • Militia

  • Mines and Mining

  • Naval Affairs

  • Pacific Railroads

  • Patents

  • Pensions

  • Post Office and Post Roads

  • Public Buildings and Grounds

  • Public Lands

  • Railways and Canals

  • Revision of Laws

  • Rivers and Harbors

  • Rules

  • Standards of Official Conduct

  • Territories

  • War Claims

  • Ways and Means

  • Whole


Joint committees



  • Conditions of Indian Tribes (Special)

  • Scientific Bureaus


Caucuses



  • Democratic (House)


  • Democratic (Senate)


Employees



  • Architect of the Capitol: Edward Clark


  • Librarian of Congress: Ainsworth Rand Spofford


  • Public Printer of the United States: Sterling P. Rounds (until 1886), Thomas E. Benedict (starting 1886)


Senate



  • Secretary of the Senate: Anson G. McCook


  • Sergeant at Arms: William P. Canady


  • Chaplain:

    • Elias D. Huntley, Methodist, elected December 18, 1883


    • John G. Butler, Lutheran, elected March 15, 1886



House of Representatives



  • Chaplain: William H. Milburn (Methodist)


  • Doorkeeper: Samuel Donelson


  • Clerk: John B. Clark, Jr.


  • Clerk at the Speaker’s Table: Nathaniel T. Crutchfield


  • Postmaster: Lycurgus Dalton


  • Reading Clerks: [Data unknown/missing.]


  • Sergeant at Arms: John P. Leedom


See also



  • United States elections, 1884 (elections leading to this Congress)
    • United States presidential election, 1884

    • United States Senate elections, 1884

    • United States House of Representatives elections, 1884



  • United States elections, 1886 (elections during this Congress, leading to the next Congress)
    • United States Senate elections, 1886

    • United States House of Representatives elections, 1886



References




  1. ^ "THE 25th PRESIDENTIAL INAUGURATION / Grover Cleveland / March 4, 1885". United States Congress Joint Committee on Inaugural Ceremonies. 




  • Martis, Kenneth C. (1989). The Historical Atlas of Political Parties in the United States Congress. New York: Macmillan Publishing Company. 


  • Martis, Kenneth C. (1982). The Historical Atlas of United States Congressional Districts. New York: Macmillan Publishing Company. 


External links


  • Biographical Directory of the U.S. Congress

  • U.S. House of Representatives: House History

  • U.S. Senate: Statistics and Lists


  • Congressional Directory for the 49th Congress, 1st Session. 


  • Congressional Directory for the 49th Congress, 1st Session (1st Revision). 


  • Congressional Directory for the 49th Congress, 1st Session (2nd Revision). 


  • Congressional Directory for the 49th Congress, 2nd Session. 


  • Congressional Directory for the 49th Congress, 2nd Session (Revision). 







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