Why is there both `:=` and `=` used in set notation? [duplicate]










7












$begingroup$



This question already has an answer here:



  • Difference between $:=$ and $=$

    3 answers



I see two kinds of equal signs in different resources in regards to defining sets. One is := and the other is =



An example : S = 1, 2, 3 or S := 1, 2, 3



I realized that resources concerned with mathematical analysis uses the latter whereas others use the former.



Is there any difference in the meaning of both notations?










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$endgroup$



marked as duplicate by Carsten S, BlueRaja - Danny Pflughoeft, quid Aug 27 '18 at 17:15


This question has been asked before and already has an answer. If those answers do not fully address your question, please ask a new question.













  • 2




    $begingroup$
    The := symbol is usually 'defined as', rather than 'equal to'.
    $endgroup$
    – Bill Wallis
    Aug 27 '18 at 10:52










  • $begingroup$
    It seems to me that := is introduced sometime later.
    $endgroup$
    – nmd_07
    Aug 27 '18 at 10:53










  • $begingroup$
    In some programming languages like Go := used to define and assign, whereas = is for just assignment. Maybe this analogy help you
    $endgroup$
    – Grijesh Chauhan
    Aug 27 '18 at 16:32















7












$begingroup$



This question already has an answer here:



  • Difference between $:=$ and $=$

    3 answers



I see two kinds of equal signs in different resources in regards to defining sets. One is := and the other is =



An example : S = 1, 2, 3 or S := 1, 2, 3



I realized that resources concerned with mathematical analysis uses the latter whereas others use the former.



Is there any difference in the meaning of both notations?










share|cite|improve this question











$endgroup$



marked as duplicate by Carsten S, BlueRaja - Danny Pflughoeft, quid Aug 27 '18 at 17:15


This question has been asked before and already has an answer. If those answers do not fully address your question, please ask a new question.













  • 2




    $begingroup$
    The := symbol is usually 'defined as', rather than 'equal to'.
    $endgroup$
    – Bill Wallis
    Aug 27 '18 at 10:52










  • $begingroup$
    It seems to me that := is introduced sometime later.
    $endgroup$
    – nmd_07
    Aug 27 '18 at 10:53










  • $begingroup$
    In some programming languages like Go := used to define and assign, whereas = is for just assignment. Maybe this analogy help you
    $endgroup$
    – Grijesh Chauhan
    Aug 27 '18 at 16:32













7












7








7


2



$begingroup$



This question already has an answer here:



  • Difference between $:=$ and $=$

    3 answers



I see two kinds of equal signs in different resources in regards to defining sets. One is := and the other is =



An example : S = 1, 2, 3 or S := 1, 2, 3



I realized that resources concerned with mathematical analysis uses the latter whereas others use the former.



Is there any difference in the meaning of both notations?










share|cite|improve this question











$endgroup$





This question already has an answer here:



  • Difference between $:=$ and $=$

    3 answers



I see two kinds of equal signs in different resources in regards to defining sets. One is := and the other is =



An example : S = 1, 2, 3 or S := 1, 2, 3



I realized that resources concerned with mathematical analysis uses the latter whereas others use the former.



Is there any difference in the meaning of both notations?





This question already has an answer here:



  • Difference between $:=$ and $=$

    3 answers







elementary-set-theory notation






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share|cite|improve this question













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share|cite|improve this question








edited Aug 27 '18 at 11:06









Brahadeesh

6,42442363




6,42442363










asked Aug 27 '18 at 10:51









nmd_07nmd_07

506




506




marked as duplicate by Carsten S, BlueRaja - Danny Pflughoeft, quid Aug 27 '18 at 17:15


This question has been asked before and already has an answer. If those answers do not fully address your question, please ask a new question.









marked as duplicate by Carsten S, BlueRaja - Danny Pflughoeft, quid Aug 27 '18 at 17:15


This question has been asked before and already has an answer. If those answers do not fully address your question, please ask a new question.









  • 2




    $begingroup$
    The := symbol is usually 'defined as', rather than 'equal to'.
    $endgroup$
    – Bill Wallis
    Aug 27 '18 at 10:52










  • $begingroup$
    It seems to me that := is introduced sometime later.
    $endgroup$
    – nmd_07
    Aug 27 '18 at 10:53










  • $begingroup$
    In some programming languages like Go := used to define and assign, whereas = is for just assignment. Maybe this analogy help you
    $endgroup$
    – Grijesh Chauhan
    Aug 27 '18 at 16:32












  • 2




    $begingroup$
    The := symbol is usually 'defined as', rather than 'equal to'.
    $endgroup$
    – Bill Wallis
    Aug 27 '18 at 10:52










  • $begingroup$
    It seems to me that := is introduced sometime later.
    $endgroup$
    – nmd_07
    Aug 27 '18 at 10:53










  • $begingroup$
    In some programming languages like Go := used to define and assign, whereas = is for just assignment. Maybe this analogy help you
    $endgroup$
    – Grijesh Chauhan
    Aug 27 '18 at 16:32







2




2




$begingroup$
The := symbol is usually 'defined as', rather than 'equal to'.
$endgroup$
– Bill Wallis
Aug 27 '18 at 10:52




$begingroup$
The := symbol is usually 'defined as', rather than 'equal to'.
$endgroup$
– Bill Wallis
Aug 27 '18 at 10:52












$begingroup$
It seems to me that := is introduced sometime later.
$endgroup$
– nmd_07
Aug 27 '18 at 10:53




$begingroup$
It seems to me that := is introduced sometime later.
$endgroup$
– nmd_07
Aug 27 '18 at 10:53












$begingroup$
In some programming languages like Go := used to define and assign, whereas = is for just assignment. Maybe this analogy help you
$endgroup$
– Grijesh Chauhan
Aug 27 '18 at 16:32




$begingroup$
In some programming languages like Go := used to define and assign, whereas = is for just assignment. Maybe this analogy help you
$endgroup$
– Grijesh Chauhan
Aug 27 '18 at 16:32










3 Answers
3






active

oldest

votes


















5












$begingroup$

The symbol "$:=$" seems to have been introduced in programming languages in the 1960's. For instance in Pascal, one writes $x = 0$ for testing equality (like in "if $x=0$ then...") and $x := 0$ to assign the value $0$ to the variable $x$.



However, since assignment is more frequent than equality testing, languages like C or Java use a different syntax: $x = 0$ for assignment and $x == 0$ for equality testing.



After that, the notation $:=$ spread out in mathematical writing, mostly to mean "equal by definition". I would not recommend using it, but it is nevertheless quite common.



EDIT. According to the Wikipedia entry ALGOL 58, ALGOL 58, originally known as IAL, is one of the family of ALGOL computer programming languages.




The distinction between assignment (:= representing a left-facing
arrow) and the equality relation (=) was introduced in IAL and kept in
ALGOL 60.




Thus the use of := in computer science goes back to at least 1958.






share|cite|improve this answer











$endgroup$








  • 5




    $begingroup$
    Would you have a citation for that? I always assumed that Pascal etc. used := because that was already used in maths.
    $endgroup$
    – leftaroundabout
    Aug 27 '18 at 13:40










  • $begingroup$
    := is also discouraged by Milne. (Who, incidentally, also considers it a programming jargon. FWIW, the idea that it came first in mathematical writing sounds bizarre to me.)
    $endgroup$
    – Emil Jeřábek
    Aug 27 '18 at 15:05










  • $begingroup$
    If $:=$ came from math first then all programing languages would use it. Many use $=$ to assign ($:=$) and $==$ to test equality ($=$). Thing is, math doesn't need two notations; being equal is the only concern and whether their equal because they just are or we defined them to be is not a high concept worth considering. But in programming the two concepts are essential. You can't start a program if you can't give things values! So if such a distinction didn't exist, programmers would have to invent one.
    $endgroup$
    – fleablood
    Aug 27 '18 at 16:09










  • $begingroup$
    For what it's worth, I had never seen $:=$ in mathematics until three years ago.
    $endgroup$
    – fleablood
    Aug 27 '18 at 16:10










  • $begingroup$
    @fleablood: I haven't seen it in pure mathematical contexts either, but I've come across it several times in physics. As far as I can tell, it entered the programming-language tradition with the Algol committee, whose members were interested in scientific computing (Naur, the editor of the Algol 60 report, was originally an astronomer).
    $endgroup$
    – Henning Makholm
    Aug 27 '18 at 19:31


















11












$begingroup$

There's not a lot of difference :)



$:=$ means "is defined to equal" and is most often used to say that the Right Hand Side is formally defining the Left Hand Side.



"=" is equals and can also be used to define things (though I, personally, would consider it a little bit loose) but can also be used to state that the Left Hand Side and the Right Hand Side are the same, though one or both may have come from a different definition.






share|cite|improve this answer









$endgroup$




















    6












    $begingroup$

    The symbol "$:=$" is used when you define something to be equal to something. For example, the rationals $mathbbQ:=Q(mathbbZ)$ are defined the field of fractions of the integers. If someone showed you that symbol, you would not have knew what it is. It's just defined as that.



    The symbol "$=$" means equality that arises from something.






    share|cite|improve this answer









    $endgroup$



















      3 Answers
      3






      active

      oldest

      votes








      3 Answers
      3






      active

      oldest

      votes









      active

      oldest

      votes






      active

      oldest

      votes









      5












      $begingroup$

      The symbol "$:=$" seems to have been introduced in programming languages in the 1960's. For instance in Pascal, one writes $x = 0$ for testing equality (like in "if $x=0$ then...") and $x := 0$ to assign the value $0$ to the variable $x$.



      However, since assignment is more frequent than equality testing, languages like C or Java use a different syntax: $x = 0$ for assignment and $x == 0$ for equality testing.



      After that, the notation $:=$ spread out in mathematical writing, mostly to mean "equal by definition". I would not recommend using it, but it is nevertheless quite common.



      EDIT. According to the Wikipedia entry ALGOL 58, ALGOL 58, originally known as IAL, is one of the family of ALGOL computer programming languages.




      The distinction between assignment (:= representing a left-facing
      arrow) and the equality relation (=) was introduced in IAL and kept in
      ALGOL 60.




      Thus the use of := in computer science goes back to at least 1958.






      share|cite|improve this answer











      $endgroup$








      • 5




        $begingroup$
        Would you have a citation for that? I always assumed that Pascal etc. used := because that was already used in maths.
        $endgroup$
        – leftaroundabout
        Aug 27 '18 at 13:40










      • $begingroup$
        := is also discouraged by Milne. (Who, incidentally, also considers it a programming jargon. FWIW, the idea that it came first in mathematical writing sounds bizarre to me.)
        $endgroup$
        – Emil Jeřábek
        Aug 27 '18 at 15:05










      • $begingroup$
        If $:=$ came from math first then all programing languages would use it. Many use $=$ to assign ($:=$) and $==$ to test equality ($=$). Thing is, math doesn't need two notations; being equal is the only concern and whether their equal because they just are or we defined them to be is not a high concept worth considering. But in programming the two concepts are essential. You can't start a program if you can't give things values! So if such a distinction didn't exist, programmers would have to invent one.
        $endgroup$
        – fleablood
        Aug 27 '18 at 16:09










      • $begingroup$
        For what it's worth, I had never seen $:=$ in mathematics until three years ago.
        $endgroup$
        – fleablood
        Aug 27 '18 at 16:10










      • $begingroup$
        @fleablood: I haven't seen it in pure mathematical contexts either, but I've come across it several times in physics. As far as I can tell, it entered the programming-language tradition with the Algol committee, whose members were interested in scientific computing (Naur, the editor of the Algol 60 report, was originally an astronomer).
        $endgroup$
        – Henning Makholm
        Aug 27 '18 at 19:31















      5












      $begingroup$

      The symbol "$:=$" seems to have been introduced in programming languages in the 1960's. For instance in Pascal, one writes $x = 0$ for testing equality (like in "if $x=0$ then...") and $x := 0$ to assign the value $0$ to the variable $x$.



      However, since assignment is more frequent than equality testing, languages like C or Java use a different syntax: $x = 0$ for assignment and $x == 0$ for equality testing.



      After that, the notation $:=$ spread out in mathematical writing, mostly to mean "equal by definition". I would not recommend using it, but it is nevertheless quite common.



      EDIT. According to the Wikipedia entry ALGOL 58, ALGOL 58, originally known as IAL, is one of the family of ALGOL computer programming languages.




      The distinction between assignment (:= representing a left-facing
      arrow) and the equality relation (=) was introduced in IAL and kept in
      ALGOL 60.




      Thus the use of := in computer science goes back to at least 1958.






      share|cite|improve this answer











      $endgroup$








      • 5




        $begingroup$
        Would you have a citation for that? I always assumed that Pascal etc. used := because that was already used in maths.
        $endgroup$
        – leftaroundabout
        Aug 27 '18 at 13:40










      • $begingroup$
        := is also discouraged by Milne. (Who, incidentally, also considers it a programming jargon. FWIW, the idea that it came first in mathematical writing sounds bizarre to me.)
        $endgroup$
        – Emil Jeřábek
        Aug 27 '18 at 15:05










      • $begingroup$
        If $:=$ came from math first then all programing languages would use it. Many use $=$ to assign ($:=$) and $==$ to test equality ($=$). Thing is, math doesn't need two notations; being equal is the only concern and whether their equal because they just are or we defined them to be is not a high concept worth considering. But in programming the two concepts are essential. You can't start a program if you can't give things values! So if such a distinction didn't exist, programmers would have to invent one.
        $endgroup$
        – fleablood
        Aug 27 '18 at 16:09










      • $begingroup$
        For what it's worth, I had never seen $:=$ in mathematics until three years ago.
        $endgroup$
        – fleablood
        Aug 27 '18 at 16:10










      • $begingroup$
        @fleablood: I haven't seen it in pure mathematical contexts either, but I've come across it several times in physics. As far as I can tell, it entered the programming-language tradition with the Algol committee, whose members were interested in scientific computing (Naur, the editor of the Algol 60 report, was originally an astronomer).
        $endgroup$
        – Henning Makholm
        Aug 27 '18 at 19:31













      5












      5








      5





      $begingroup$

      The symbol "$:=$" seems to have been introduced in programming languages in the 1960's. For instance in Pascal, one writes $x = 0$ for testing equality (like in "if $x=0$ then...") and $x := 0$ to assign the value $0$ to the variable $x$.



      However, since assignment is more frequent than equality testing, languages like C or Java use a different syntax: $x = 0$ for assignment and $x == 0$ for equality testing.



      After that, the notation $:=$ spread out in mathematical writing, mostly to mean "equal by definition". I would not recommend using it, but it is nevertheless quite common.



      EDIT. According to the Wikipedia entry ALGOL 58, ALGOL 58, originally known as IAL, is one of the family of ALGOL computer programming languages.




      The distinction between assignment (:= representing a left-facing
      arrow) and the equality relation (=) was introduced in IAL and kept in
      ALGOL 60.




      Thus the use of := in computer science goes back to at least 1958.






      share|cite|improve this answer











      $endgroup$



      The symbol "$:=$" seems to have been introduced in programming languages in the 1960's. For instance in Pascal, one writes $x = 0$ for testing equality (like in "if $x=0$ then...") and $x := 0$ to assign the value $0$ to the variable $x$.



      However, since assignment is more frequent than equality testing, languages like C or Java use a different syntax: $x = 0$ for assignment and $x == 0$ for equality testing.



      After that, the notation $:=$ spread out in mathematical writing, mostly to mean "equal by definition". I would not recommend using it, but it is nevertheless quite common.



      EDIT. According to the Wikipedia entry ALGOL 58, ALGOL 58, originally known as IAL, is one of the family of ALGOL computer programming languages.




      The distinction between assignment (:= representing a left-facing
      arrow) and the equality relation (=) was introduced in IAL and kept in
      ALGOL 60.




      Thus the use of := in computer science goes back to at least 1958.







      share|cite|improve this answer














      share|cite|improve this answer



      share|cite|improve this answer








      edited Aug 27 '18 at 16:34

























      answered Aug 27 '18 at 13:15









      J.-E. PinJ.-E. Pin

      18.5k21754




      18.5k21754







      • 5




        $begingroup$
        Would you have a citation for that? I always assumed that Pascal etc. used := because that was already used in maths.
        $endgroup$
        – leftaroundabout
        Aug 27 '18 at 13:40










      • $begingroup$
        := is also discouraged by Milne. (Who, incidentally, also considers it a programming jargon. FWIW, the idea that it came first in mathematical writing sounds bizarre to me.)
        $endgroup$
        – Emil Jeřábek
        Aug 27 '18 at 15:05










      • $begingroup$
        If $:=$ came from math first then all programing languages would use it. Many use $=$ to assign ($:=$) and $==$ to test equality ($=$). Thing is, math doesn't need two notations; being equal is the only concern and whether their equal because they just are or we defined them to be is not a high concept worth considering. But in programming the two concepts are essential. You can't start a program if you can't give things values! So if such a distinction didn't exist, programmers would have to invent one.
        $endgroup$
        – fleablood
        Aug 27 '18 at 16:09










      • $begingroup$
        For what it's worth, I had never seen $:=$ in mathematics until three years ago.
        $endgroup$
        – fleablood
        Aug 27 '18 at 16:10










      • $begingroup$
        @fleablood: I haven't seen it in pure mathematical contexts either, but I've come across it several times in physics. As far as I can tell, it entered the programming-language tradition with the Algol committee, whose members were interested in scientific computing (Naur, the editor of the Algol 60 report, was originally an astronomer).
        $endgroup$
        – Henning Makholm
        Aug 27 '18 at 19:31












      • 5




        $begingroup$
        Would you have a citation for that? I always assumed that Pascal etc. used := because that was already used in maths.
        $endgroup$
        – leftaroundabout
        Aug 27 '18 at 13:40










      • $begingroup$
        := is also discouraged by Milne. (Who, incidentally, also considers it a programming jargon. FWIW, the idea that it came first in mathematical writing sounds bizarre to me.)
        $endgroup$
        – Emil Jeřábek
        Aug 27 '18 at 15:05










      • $begingroup$
        If $:=$ came from math first then all programing languages would use it. Many use $=$ to assign ($:=$) and $==$ to test equality ($=$). Thing is, math doesn't need two notations; being equal is the only concern and whether their equal because they just are or we defined them to be is not a high concept worth considering. But in programming the two concepts are essential. You can't start a program if you can't give things values! So if such a distinction didn't exist, programmers would have to invent one.
        $endgroup$
        – fleablood
        Aug 27 '18 at 16:09










      • $begingroup$
        For what it's worth, I had never seen $:=$ in mathematics until three years ago.
        $endgroup$
        – fleablood
        Aug 27 '18 at 16:10










      • $begingroup$
        @fleablood: I haven't seen it in pure mathematical contexts either, but I've come across it several times in physics. As far as I can tell, it entered the programming-language tradition with the Algol committee, whose members were interested in scientific computing (Naur, the editor of the Algol 60 report, was originally an astronomer).
        $endgroup$
        – Henning Makholm
        Aug 27 '18 at 19:31







      5




      5




      $begingroup$
      Would you have a citation for that? I always assumed that Pascal etc. used := because that was already used in maths.
      $endgroup$
      – leftaroundabout
      Aug 27 '18 at 13:40




      $begingroup$
      Would you have a citation for that? I always assumed that Pascal etc. used := because that was already used in maths.
      $endgroup$
      – leftaroundabout
      Aug 27 '18 at 13:40












      $begingroup$
      := is also discouraged by Milne. (Who, incidentally, also considers it a programming jargon. FWIW, the idea that it came first in mathematical writing sounds bizarre to me.)
      $endgroup$
      – Emil Jeřábek
      Aug 27 '18 at 15:05




      $begingroup$
      := is also discouraged by Milne. (Who, incidentally, also considers it a programming jargon. FWIW, the idea that it came first in mathematical writing sounds bizarre to me.)
      $endgroup$
      – Emil Jeřábek
      Aug 27 '18 at 15:05












      $begingroup$
      If $:=$ came from math first then all programing languages would use it. Many use $=$ to assign ($:=$) and $==$ to test equality ($=$). Thing is, math doesn't need two notations; being equal is the only concern and whether their equal because they just are or we defined them to be is not a high concept worth considering. But in programming the two concepts are essential. You can't start a program if you can't give things values! So if such a distinction didn't exist, programmers would have to invent one.
      $endgroup$
      – fleablood
      Aug 27 '18 at 16:09




      $begingroup$
      If $:=$ came from math first then all programing languages would use it. Many use $=$ to assign ($:=$) and $==$ to test equality ($=$). Thing is, math doesn't need two notations; being equal is the only concern and whether their equal because they just are or we defined them to be is not a high concept worth considering. But in programming the two concepts are essential. You can't start a program if you can't give things values! So if such a distinction didn't exist, programmers would have to invent one.
      $endgroup$
      – fleablood
      Aug 27 '18 at 16:09












      $begingroup$
      For what it's worth, I had never seen $:=$ in mathematics until three years ago.
      $endgroup$
      – fleablood
      Aug 27 '18 at 16:10




      $begingroup$
      For what it's worth, I had never seen $:=$ in mathematics until three years ago.
      $endgroup$
      – fleablood
      Aug 27 '18 at 16:10












      $begingroup$
      @fleablood: I haven't seen it in pure mathematical contexts either, but I've come across it several times in physics. As far as I can tell, it entered the programming-language tradition with the Algol committee, whose members were interested in scientific computing (Naur, the editor of the Algol 60 report, was originally an astronomer).
      $endgroup$
      – Henning Makholm
      Aug 27 '18 at 19:31




      $begingroup$
      @fleablood: I haven't seen it in pure mathematical contexts either, but I've come across it several times in physics. As far as I can tell, it entered the programming-language tradition with the Algol committee, whose members were interested in scientific computing (Naur, the editor of the Algol 60 report, was originally an astronomer).
      $endgroup$
      – Henning Makholm
      Aug 27 '18 at 19:31











      11












      $begingroup$

      There's not a lot of difference :)



      $:=$ means "is defined to equal" and is most often used to say that the Right Hand Side is formally defining the Left Hand Side.



      "=" is equals and can also be used to define things (though I, personally, would consider it a little bit loose) but can also be used to state that the Left Hand Side and the Right Hand Side are the same, though one or both may have come from a different definition.






      share|cite|improve this answer









      $endgroup$

















        11












        $begingroup$

        There's not a lot of difference :)



        $:=$ means "is defined to equal" and is most often used to say that the Right Hand Side is formally defining the Left Hand Side.



        "=" is equals and can also be used to define things (though I, personally, would consider it a little bit loose) but can also be used to state that the Left Hand Side and the Right Hand Side are the same, though one or both may have come from a different definition.






        share|cite|improve this answer









        $endgroup$















          11












          11








          11





          $begingroup$

          There's not a lot of difference :)



          $:=$ means "is defined to equal" and is most often used to say that the Right Hand Side is formally defining the Left Hand Side.



          "=" is equals and can also be used to define things (though I, personally, would consider it a little bit loose) but can also be used to state that the Left Hand Side and the Right Hand Side are the same, though one or both may have come from a different definition.






          share|cite|improve this answer









          $endgroup$



          There's not a lot of difference :)



          $:=$ means "is defined to equal" and is most often used to say that the Right Hand Side is formally defining the Left Hand Side.



          "=" is equals and can also be used to define things (though I, personally, would consider it a little bit loose) but can also be used to state that the Left Hand Side and the Right Hand Side are the same, though one or both may have come from a different definition.







          share|cite|improve this answer












          share|cite|improve this answer



          share|cite|improve this answer










          answered Aug 27 '18 at 10:54









          postmortespostmortes

          2,07531120




          2,07531120





















              6












              $begingroup$

              The symbol "$:=$" is used when you define something to be equal to something. For example, the rationals $mathbbQ:=Q(mathbbZ)$ are defined the field of fractions of the integers. If someone showed you that symbol, you would not have knew what it is. It's just defined as that.



              The symbol "$=$" means equality that arises from something.






              share|cite|improve this answer









              $endgroup$

















                6












                $begingroup$

                The symbol "$:=$" is used when you define something to be equal to something. For example, the rationals $mathbbQ:=Q(mathbbZ)$ are defined the field of fractions of the integers. If someone showed you that symbol, you would not have knew what it is. It's just defined as that.



                The symbol "$=$" means equality that arises from something.






                share|cite|improve this answer









                $endgroup$















                  6












                  6








                  6





                  $begingroup$

                  The symbol "$:=$" is used when you define something to be equal to something. For example, the rationals $mathbbQ:=Q(mathbbZ)$ are defined the field of fractions of the integers. If someone showed you that symbol, you would not have knew what it is. It's just defined as that.



                  The symbol "$=$" means equality that arises from something.






                  share|cite|improve this answer









                  $endgroup$



                  The symbol "$:=$" is used when you define something to be equal to something. For example, the rationals $mathbbQ:=Q(mathbbZ)$ are defined the field of fractions of the integers. If someone showed you that symbol, you would not have knew what it is. It's just defined as that.



                  The symbol "$=$" means equality that arises from something.







                  share|cite|improve this answer












                  share|cite|improve this answer



                  share|cite|improve this answer










                  answered Aug 27 '18 at 11:01









                  Mario 04Mario 04

                  144114




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