Big Boy Restaurants


This article is about the general history of the Big Boy restaurant chain including Big Boy Restaurants International. For additional history, see Bob's Big Boy. For for additional history specific to Frisch's Big Boy, see Frisch's.



























Big Boy Restaurants
Big Boy Restaurants International, LLC
Trading name
Big Boy
Type
Limited liability company
Industry
Casual dining restaurant
PredecessorsElias Brothers
     Restaurants, Inc.;
Marriott Corporation;
Robert C. Wian Enterprises;
Bob's Pantry
FoundedAugust 6, 1936; 82 years ago (1936-08-06) in Glendale, California, U.S., as Bob's Pantry[1]
FounderBob Wian
Headquarters
Warren, Michigan, U.S.
Number of locations
  • 77 (U.S.);

  • 279 (Japan)[2]

Area served
  • Michigan (69 stores)

  • California (5 stores)

  • Ohio (2 stores)

  • North Dakota (1 store)

  • Japan (279 stores)

Key people
Robert Liggett, Jr.,
     (Chairman and President)
David B. Crawford, (CEO)[3]
Bruce Ferguson, (CFO)
Products
  • Big Boy hamburger

  • Brawny Lad sandwich

  • Hot Fudge Cake

  • Slim Jim sandwich

  • Strawberry pie

Websitebigboy.com

Big Boy Restaurants International, LLC is an American restaurant chain headquartered in Warren, Michigan, in Metro Detroit.[4]Frisch's Big Boy Restaurants is a restaurant chain with its headquarters in Cincinnati, Ohio. The Big Boy name, design aesthetic, and menu were previously licensed to a number of regional franchisees.


Big Boy was started as Bob's Pantry in 1936 by Bob Wian in Glendale, California.[5]:11 The restaurants became known as "Bob's", "Bob's Drive-Ins",[6][7][note 1] "Bob's, Home of the Big Boy Hamburger",[7] and (commonly as) Bob's Big Boy. It became a local chain under that name and nationally under the Big Boy name, franchised by Robert C. Wian Enterprises. Marriott Corporation bought Big Boy in 1967. One of the larger franchise operators, Elias Brothers, purchased the chain from Marriott in 1987, moved the headquarters of the company to Warren, Michigan, and operated it until bankruptcy was declared in 2000. During the bankruptcy, the chain was sold to investor Robert Liggett, Jr., who took over as Chairman, renamed the company Big Boy Restaurants International and maintained the headquarters in Warren. The company is the operator or franchisor for 77 Big Boy restaurants in the United States.[9][10][11][12][13] Big Boy Restaurants International also licenses 279 Big Boy restaurants operating in Japan.[2][14]


Immediately after Liggett's purchase, Big Boy Restaurants International—then known as Liggett Restaurant Enterprises—negotiated an agreement with the other large franchise operator, Frisch's Restaurants. The Big Boy trademarks in Kentucky, Indiana, and most of Ohio and Tennessee transferred to Frisch's ownership; all other Frisch's territories transferred to Liggett.[15][16][note 2] Thus Frisch's is no longer a franchisee, but Big Boy Restaurants International and Frisch's are now independent co-registrants of the Big Boy name and trademark.[17] Frisch's operates or franchises 121 Big Boy restaurants in the United States.[18][19]




Contents





  • 1 Origin

    • 1.1 The Big Boy mascot


    • 1.2 Big Boy statues


    • 1.3 Adventures of the Big Boy comic book

      • 1.3.1 Variations


      • 1.3.2 Cancellation




  • 2 Food

    • 2.1 The Big Boy hamburger


    • 2.2 Other core menu items



  • 3 Philosophy and practices


  • 4 Regional franchises

    • 4.1 Operation and history


    • 4.2 Franchising costs today


    • 4.3 Roster of named franchisees


    • 4.4 Outside the United States


    • 4.5 Big Boy Restaurants International



  • 5 See also


  • 6 Notes


  • 7 References


  • 8 Further reading


  • 9 External links




Origin



Big Boy statue

A Big Boy statue common to many restaurants in the chain.



The Big Boy mascot


The chain is best known for its trademark chubby boy in red-and-white checkered overalls holding a Big Boy sandwich (double-decker cheeseburger). The inspiration for Big Boy's name, as well as the model for its mascot, was Richard Woodruff (1932–1986) of Glendale, California.[20] When he was six years old, Woodruff walked into the diner Bob's Pantry as Bob Wian was attempting to name his new hamburger. Wian said, "Hello, Big Boy" to Woodruff, and the name stuck. Warner Bros. animation artist Ben Washam sketched Richard's caricature, which became the character seen on the company trademark.[note 3]


In 1955, Bob Wian hired Manfred Bernhard, son of graphic designer Lucian Bernhard,[5]:12 to create a new public image for Big Boy.[21] Bernhard was not impressed with Washam's mascot, saying it was sloppy and had a moronic expression.[21] The "West Coast Big Boy" mascot was revised, fiberglass statues molded, schemes created for menus and building designs, and a comic book for children launched.


In 1951, Bob Wian's original franchisee Dave Frisch developed a slightly different Big Boy character. He was slimmer, wore a side cap, saddle shoes and striped overalls. Having reddish or blonde hair he was portrayed in a running pose.[note 4] Known as the "East Coast Big Boy", he was copyrighted by Frisch's and used for statues and comic books for Frisch's, and its subfranchisees Manners and Azar's. Before 1954, Parkette (Shoney's) used both versions, though never together.[22][23] Since 1956, the Wian "West Coast Big Boy" design was used exclusively by all franchisees other than Frisch's, Manners and Azar's. In the late 1960s, both characters were redrawn to appear similar, incorporating the checkered outfit, pompadour and hamburger above the raised arm from the West Coast design, and the running pose and direction of the East Coast design. In the 1980s, the hamburger was removed from the West Coast design; representing a de-emphasis of the hamburger in North American Big Boy restaurants, it also accommodated the Japanese Big Boy restaurants, which do not serve hamburgers on a bun.



Big Boy statues



Changing Big Boy logos


The changing Big Boy








A.  
1937. The first Big Boy (left) was derived from a sketch by Warner Brothers animation artist Bennie Washam in 1937. A frequent customer, Washam doodled the character on a napkin for Bob Wian for a free lunch.[24] The logo, redrawn holding a hamburger (right), was typically used by Wian and several early franchisees: Parkette (Shoney's),[22] Elias Brothers[25] and Frejlach's.[26] The orientation was also reversed.

B.
1952. Wian's first franchisee, David Frisch, developed his own Big Boy character. Dated 1952, the design was copyrighted in 1951 and became known as the East Coast Big Boy. He was the model for fiberglass statues used by Frisch's, and subfranchises Azar's and Manners. This Big Boy varied between blond and reddish blond hair. Unlike West Coast designs (A) and (C), he held the hamburger in both hands and was always running to his left.

C.
1956. This scheme introduced the modern Big Boy character and is the model for the iconic fiberglass statues. It replaced Wian's original figure (A), and was actually seen in 1955 Shoney's advertisements. Typically drawn with the hamburger atop his right arm, occasionally the hamburger was raised atop his left arm.[27] Shown is a common version of the several renderings used. By 2009, a new styled version is sometimes being used again.[28][29]

D.
1969. Revised East Coast Big Boy...[30]

E.
1969. Revised West Coast Big Boy...
Differences between the East and West Coast designs, including the statues, created confusion along the Ohio-Michigan border where Frisch's and Elias Brothers operated. This motivated a common Big Boy mark, derived with elements of both predecessors, (B) and (C). He retained the look of the West Coast figure (C) but assumed the running pose and orientation of the East Coast figure (B). Nonetheless similar West and East Coast versions were realized, maintaining the facial style of the previous marks, respectively. Frisch's continued to use (D) through 2016.

F.
1981. To emphasize a full menu the hamburger was removed from the West Coast design.

G.
1988. After buying Big Boy, Elias Brothers lowered the left arm completely.


Early versions of the West Coast Big Boy statues were gigantic, measuring up to 16 feet tall[31][32] with later versions as short as 4 feet.[33] The early statues always included the Big Boy hamburger above mascot's raised right arm; much later versions eliminated the hamburger with both arms clutching the suspenders instead. The hamburger remained a part of the Frisch's East Coast statues, though the slingshot was eliminated from the figure's back pocket. Although still used by that chain, some Frisch's restaurants currently display the West Coast statue instead.


In recent years, Big Boy statues have come into conflict with local zoning ordinances. In 2002, Tony Matar, a Big Boy franchisee in Canton, Michigan was cited in violation of local sign ordinances. The town claimed the statue was a prohibited second sign; Matar asserted that the 7 foot statue was a sculpture, not a sign.[34] A 2004 compromise allows the existing statue to remain with the words "Big Boy" removed from the figure's bib.[35] When a Brighton, Michigan franchise closed in early 2015 for financial reasons, zoning codes caused the entire sign—topped with a rotating Big Boy statue—be taken down before the restaurant could be reopened.[36] In contrast the planning commission in Norco, California—known as Horsetown USA—was concerned that the statue was not western enough. In response, the restaurant's Big Boy statue is now outfitted wearing a cowboy hat and boots.[37]


A few other modified statues are in official use. In Cincinnati's Great American Ball Park, a Frisch's statue is painted wearing a 1970s Reds baseball uniform with a Reds ball cap added. Frisch's Big Boy hamburgers are sold at two of the park's concession booths.[38] Rather than modifying a typical statue, the Big Boy restaurants in Manistique[39][40] and St. Ignace,[41] Michigan display full scale moose statues dressed in checkered overalls with "Big Boy" printed across the chest. To conform with Gaylord, Michigan's Alpine theme, the local restaurant's statue previously wore a green Tyrolean hat.[42] (The restaurant was rebuilt in 2016, and no longer displays the modified statue.)


In March 2017, Frisch's unveiled a restyled statue. The new statue resembles the West Coast design but wears striped overalls like the original East Coast Big Boy.[43] The debut statue wearing a Reds uniform is placed near the existing statue at Great American Ball Park; another is planned for an unnamed Frisch's restaurant.[44] Frisch's will gradually swap the new statues for existing restaurant statues in need of repair.[43]


Because of the closing or separation of former Big Boy restaurants, many West Coast statues were acquired by private individuals, often traded through eBay.[45][46] Smaller versions of the statues are sold as coin banks and bobblehead figures.[47] The three dimensional Big Boy figure was also used on early ash trays,[48] salt and pepper shakers,[49] wooden counter displays and as small unpainted pewter models.[50]


Gigantic air inflatable Big Boy figures are available and typically used for restaurant openings and special promotions, where permitted.[51]





Adventures of the Big Boy comic book



Notable Big Boy comic book cover pages


The Adventures of the Big Boy comic book

  • Top row (left to right): No. 1, July 1956, West Coast and East Coast versions; No. 13, July 1957, West Coast and East Coast versions.


  • Bottom row: No. 155, June 1969, West Coast and East Coast versions; No. 156, July 1969, combined version; No. 1, Shoney's version, 1976 (month unknown).




Adventures of the Big Boy (initially The Adventures of Big Boy) was a promotional comic book given free to children visiting the restaurants. Intended to "give the kids something to do while they waited for their food",[52] the book involves the escapades of Big Boy, his girlfriend Dolly and dog Nugget. From the comic books children could also join the Big Boy Club, a kids club offering them free Big Boy hamburgers,[53] decoder cards,[53]pin-back buttons[54] and other premiums. The serial – sometimes called "King of the Giveaways"[21][52] – once had distribution estimated at three million copies.[55]


Manfred Bernhard commissioned Timely Comics to produce the book. In the first year, Adventures of the Big Boy was managed by Sol Brodsky, written by Stan Lee and drawn by Bill Everett, Brodsky, and Dan DeCarlo.[56][52][57][note 5] DeCarlo continued drawing in the second year and Lee writing the series through 1961.[58][note 6] For 17 years, starting in the mid 1970s, Manny Stallman drew the (Marriott) series,[59] followed by Bob Bindig who drew the series until 1995.[52][60][note 7]



Variations


Because of the distinct East and West Coast Big Boy mascots, dual versions of Adventures were produced, identical except for the detail of the Big Boy figure.[62] In July 1969, the versions merged, and a fluffy brown haired Big Boy appeared.[62] In 1976, Shoney's discontinued use of the Marriott book, publishing their own instead. Contracted to Paragon Products, this version featured an older, leaner Big Boy, with his siblings Katie and Tripp replacing Dolly and Nugget,[52] and was adopted by the JB's and Azar's Big Boy franchises.[63] After 75 issues, it became Shoney's Fun and Adventure Magazine introducing a Shoney's mascot ("Uncle Ed" bear) in place of Big Boy, allowing it to serve Shoney's non-Big Boy restaurants.[52][note 8]



Cancellation


In 1996, after 39 years and 466 issues,[63] Big Boy cancelled the comic book and hired Craig Yoe's Yoe! Studio to revamp the characters and produce a magazine styled replacement.[64][65] After 63 issues, the Big Boy Magazine was itself cancelled in 2008.[66]




Food



The Big Boy hamburger


Anatomy of the Big Boy hamburgers, Wian's, Big Boy system and Frisch's.

The signature Big Boy hamburger is the original double deck hamburger.[67]


The novel hamburger started as a joke. In February 1937, members of an area big band, who were regular customers, visited Bob's Pantry, one asking, "How about something different, something special?"[68] [emphasis added].[note 9] Bob Wian improvised, creating the first (then unnamed) Big Boy, intending the thing "look ridiculous, like a leaning tower".[68] Demand for "the special" soared but Wian sought a "snappy" name, which became Big Boy.[68][note 10] In 1938, the Big Boy hamburger cost 15¢[5]:156[72] ($2.65 in 2018).[73] The Big Boy costs $6.49 in Michigan, in 2018.[74]


Several slogans were used from the 1950s through the 1970s to promote the Big Boy hamburger, such as, "A Meal in One on a Double–Deck Bun" and "Twice as Big, Twice as Good". On menus from that period, it was called, "...the Nationally Famous, Original Double–Deck Hamburger...".


The Big Boy hamburger inspired and was the model for other double deck hamburgers. This includes McDonald's Big Mac,[75]Burger Chef's Big Shef[76] and Burger King's Big King.[77][78]


The Big Boy consists of two thin beef patties placed on a three layer bun with lettuce, a single slice of American cheese, and either mayonnaise and red relish (a combination of sweet pickle relish, ketchup and chili sauce),[70]:D4 Big Boy special sauce (often called thousand island dressing) or (at Frisch's, Manners and Azar's) tartar sauce on one or each slice of bun. (Regardless, the Big Boy condiment used was often simply referred to as "special sauce" on menus chainwide.) Wian used a sesame seed bun while Frisch's used a plain bun and included pickles.[note 11] The Big Boy hamburger originally called for a quarter pound (4 ounces) of fresh ground beef, but later, franchisees were permitted to use frozen beef patties, and the minimum content reduced to a fifth of a pound to offset increasing food costs. Other specifications were exacting, such as the bun's bottom section being 1½ inches high and the center section ¾ inches, and 1½ ounces of shredded lettuce used.[79]


Originally, the Big Boy hamburger was the only common menu item required of all Big Boy franchisees.[79]



Other core menu items


Just as Bob Wian's Big Boy hamburger was served by all franchises, the early franchises also contributed signature menu items. Frisch's provided the "Brawny Lad" and "Swiss Miss" hamburgers, Shoney's contributed the "Slim Jim" sandwich and Hot Fudge Ice Cream Cake, while Strawberry Pie was introduced by Eat'n Park. Hot Fudge Cake and Strawberry Pie remain popular dessert items chainwide but other items were not necessarily offered by all franchises, and franchises would sometimes change the item's name: The "Slim Jim" became the "Buddie Boy" at Frisch's, and Elby's renamed the "Swiss Miss" as the "Brawny Swiss".[80][81] Similarly, when franchisees left Big Boy, they would typically rebrand the Big Boy hamburger: it became the "Superburger" (Eat'n Park),[82] the "Buddy Boy" (Lendy's),[83] the "Big Ben" (Franklin's),[84] and the "Elby Double Deck hamburger" (Elby's).[85] Shoney's reintroduced the "Classic Double Decker", somewhat different than the Big Boy, about a decade after leaving.[86]


Big Boy offers breakfast, burgers and sandwiches, salads, dinner combinations, and various desserts.[80][87]



Philosophy and practices


Bob Wian developed rules and philosophies about how Big Boy should operate. Besides the (construction of the) Big Boy hamburger he attributed most of his success and that of his franchisees to following these rules.[68] His fundamental restaurant principles were: "serve the best quality food, at moderate prices, in spotless surroundings, with courtesy and hospitality."[88][79] He believed "the customer is always right" and instructed employees that, "if any food item is not satisfactory, return it cheerfully and apologize for the error".[8] Wian said he had five basic rules for building his business: " 'be a good place to work for, sell to, buy from, and invest in. And be a good neighbor in the community.' "[89] He also attributed growth to, "capable management and a conservative policy of not trying to seat more people than can be served or opening more restaurants than can be serviced."[89] If some disruption occurred at a restaurant, such as a new manager or renovation, Wian would postpone advertising until operations would return to his standards.[5]:81


Typical of Big Boy restaurants, Elby's Big Boy used a nine step process waiting on dining room customers:[90]


  1. Greet customers within one minute of being seated, serving water and taking beverage orders.

  2. Serve beverages and take meal orders.

  3. Call in meal orders to kitchen.

  4. Place setups (e.g., silverware) and condiments, serve salad items.

  5. Watch kitchen (number panel) for completed order and promptly serve meals to table.
    (The kitchen should complete orders within 8 minutes, 10 minutes for steaks.)

  6. Check back with customers within a few minutes: "Is everything OK?"

  7. Return and place check on table: "'I'll return shortly."

  8. Suggest dessert and take dessert orders.

  9. Serve desserts or deliver final check, remove empty dishes.

Bob Wian was discerning of employees, hiring wait staff—which he considered a profession—by appearance, intelligence and enthusiasm.[8] He preferred employees with little or no restaurant experience which afforded training in the Big Boy tradition.[79][91] Other than wait staff, employees typically started as dishwashers and bus boys, and advanced to short order cooks, and then possibly to management.[79][88][91]


Bob Wian excelled at franchise relations. He led 20-person training crews to open new Big Boy restaurants,[68] made periodic nationwide tours of the franchises,[92] was available for consultations and claimed to know every manager's name.[70]:D4 He also assembled the principal franchisees as board members of the National Big Boy Association to participate in leadership. After Wian left, some Big Boy operators began to question the value of their franchise.[93][94][95]



Regional franchises



Operation and history


In addition to the Big Boy name, the "Big Boy" concept, menu, and mascot were originally licensed to a wide number of regional franchise holders (listed in the next section). Because many of the early franchisees were already in the restaurant business when joining Big Boy, "Big Boy" was added to the franchisee name just as the Big Boy hamburger was added to the franchisee's menu. In this sense it is confusing when referring to a chain, as each named franchisee was itself a chain and Big Boy could be considered a chain of chains. People tend to know Big Boy not simply as Big Boy but as the franchise from where they lived such as Bob's Big Boy in California, Shoney's Big Boy in the south or Frisch's Big Boy in much of Ohio, Marc's Big Boy in the Upper Midwest, among the many others.


Each regional franchisee typically operated a central commissary which prepared or processed foods and sauces to be shipped fresh to their restaurants.[6][96][97][98] However, some items might be prepared at the restaurants daily, such as soups and breading of seafood and onion rings.


Through the 1950s and 1960s, the emphasis changed from drive-in restaurant to coffee shop and family restaurant. New franchisees without existing restaurants signed on. A larger standard menu was developed. Most adopted a common graphic design of menus and promotional items, offered by Big Boy but personalized to the franchise. Stock plans of restaurant designs were provided by Los Angeles architects Armet and Davis or Chicago architectural designer Robert O. Burton, and modified as needed.


In the 1960s, Big Boy and other drive-in restaurants could not compete with the spreading fast food restaurants such as McDonald's and Burger King. Big Boy built its last drive-in in 1964 and by 1976, only 5 of the chain's 930 restaurants offered curb service.[1][99] Big Boy redefined itself as full service in contrast to fast food. Nonetheless, in the late 1960s and 1970s, Bob's, Shoney's and JB's also opened Big Boy Jr. stores, designed as fast food operations which offered a limited menu. Sometimes called drive-ins, these junior stores did not use carhops.[100][101][102] In 1993, Marc's Big Boy similarly developed Big Boy Express stores using dual drive-thrus and no interior dining area.[103] Two Express stores were built, offered for sale a year later and closed in 1995.[104][105]



Bob's Big Boy in Burbank, California


Bob's Big Boy restaurant in Burbank, California


Several franchises also had Kentucky Fried Chicken franchises and sold that chicken in their Big Boy restaurants; these included Marc's,[106]McDowell's,[107][108] Lendy's and one or more Shoney's subfranchises. The practice was discouraged and Big Boy eventually provided a similar scheme of selling buckets of take out chicken, marketed as Country Style[109] or Country Cousin Chicken.[110] Franchises who resisted the change were forced to remove Kentucky Fried Chicken menu items and physically relocate those operations.[108]


Big Boy's origins as a drive in restaurant, required a much smaller investment to open and much lower costs to operate: a small building having no dining room or limited counter space. Thus persons of modest assets could become Big Boy operators. It was the profits from these operations which allowed not only additional drive ins, but operators to build the modern restaurants with large pleasant dining rooms. Many of the early successful franchisees would probably not have assets (converted to present value) sufficient to join Big Boy today.


By 1979, there were more than a thousand Big Boy restaurants in the U.S. and Canada, and about 20 franchisees. Shoney's, Elias Brothers and Frisch's—charter franchisees—controlled the vast majority.[111] These mega franchisees paid practically no fees, e.g., Frisch paid $1 per year for its core four state territory. After Bob's, the four original franchisees (in order) were Frisch's, Eat'n Park, Shoney's (originally called "Parkette") and Elias Brothers, all clustered near the state of Ohio. All, including Bob's, remain in operation today, albeit Elias Brothers is simply known as Big Boy, and Eat'n Park and Shoney's dropped Big Boy affiliation in the 1970s and 1980s.


Big Boy developed named franchisees in several ways. Very quickly the Big Boy name and even the Big Boy character were being widely used without permission. Bob Wian, needing Big Boy restaurants operating in multiple states to maintain national (U.S.) trademark protection, offered very generous franchise agreements to Frisch's, Eat'n Park and Parkette (Shoney's). In 1952, Wian instituted a formal franchise process and Elias Brothers became the first such "official" franchisee paying Wian 1% of sales. Bob Wian also settled trademark infringements allowing the rogue operator to become a licensed franchisee, such as McDowell's Big Boy in North Dakota.[112] Franchisees were permitted to subfranchise; these early subfranchisees often used their own name and operated independently: Frisch's licensed Azar's, and Manners; Shoney's licensed Arnold's, Becker's, Elby's, Lendy's, Shap's, Tune's, and Yoda's.[113][114] Elby's licensed Franklin's Big Boy in eastern Pennsylvania. Acquisitions and mergers also occurred. In the early 1970s, Frisch's acquired Kip's Big Boy; JB's acquired Vip's, Kebo's, Leo's and Bud's which were rebranded JB's. After buying Big Boy, Elias Brothers bought Elby's and TJ's. Elby's was unique in leaving and rejoining the Big Boy system. When Marriott purchased Big Boy (Wian Enterprises) in 1967, this included Bob's Big Boy. The name "Bob's" would be used by all Marriott owned Big Boys and became common in parts of the eastern U.S. and elsewhere, far away from Bob's historic territory.


Frisch's now owns the "Big Boy" name in a defined four state region, and Azar's and Bob's are licensed by Frisch's Big Boy and Big Boy Restaurants International, respectively. Many of the other former franchise owners (Shoney's, particularly) have expanded into the former territories of other franchise holders.


After buying the Big Boy system from Marriott, Elias Brothers planned to phase out franchise names,[115] only generally realized by Big Boy Restaurants International after 2000.[116] This was intended to strengthen the trademark but also prevent defections, such as happened with Shoney's Big Boy retaining identity as Shoney's.[117][118] The same occurred with Eat'n Park, Elby's, Lendy's, JB's, and Abdow's who kept their names after leaving Big Boy. Big Boy now permits operators to informally identify by location such as Tawas Bay Big Boy in East Tawas, Michigan.[119]


Unlike most modern franchises, the historic Big Boy franchisees differed somewhat from one another in pricing and menus. After purchasing Big Boy in 1987, Elias Brothers intended to standardize the name and menu, but Bob's, Frisch's and McDowell's (now known as Bismarck Big Boy) continue to offer distinctions from the standard Big Boy menu.[120]



Franchising costs today


Big Boy Restaurants International and Frisch's Big Boy Restaurants both continue to offer franchises in their exclusive territories, each having 20 year terms. As of 2014, Big Boy Restaurants International charges a $40,000 franchise fee, and an ongoing 4% royalty and up to 3% advertising fees based on weekly gross revenue.[121][122] (In most of Michigan the franchisee pays a 2% advertising fee and must spend an additional 1% on local advertising. Franchisees in the upper peninsula of Michigan or outside of Michigan pay a ½% advertising fee and must spend 1½% on local advertising.)[123] As of 2015, Frisch's Big Boy charges a $30,000 franchise fee,[124] and an ongoing 3¾% royalty and 2½% advertising fees on gross revenue.[125][note 12] The majority of Big Boy Restaurant International units are franchised[121] while the majority of Frisch's units are currently company owned.[127] Big Boy Restaurants International franchise agreements are not renewable but new agreements are required.[121]




Roster of named franchisees


Big Boy restaurants were cobranded with at least 34 different names representing various franchisees. These franchisees are listed below with territories, time span, founders and additional notes, as known:




  • Abdow's (Western and Central Massachusetts, Connecticut, 1959–1994, founded by George and Ron Abdow and their sister Phyllis Abdow-LaVallee)[128] Abdow's opened as a Hi-Boy franchisee in 1959 and changed the corporate name to Abdow's Big Boy in 1965.[129] Other reports say Abdow's was a Big Boy franchise beginning 1959. Abdow's left Big Boy in 1994 over menu conflicts with Elias Brothers, removing 18 restaurants from the national chain.[130] Now defunct, many converted to Elxsi Corporations's Bickfords Family Restaurants or remain vacant.


  • Arnold's (Folsom, Pennsylvania, 1955–?, founders unknown) Arnold's and Tune's operated in the Philadelphia area.[131]


  • Azar's (Northern Indiana, Colorado, 1953+,[132][94][note 13] founded by brothers Alex, David and George Azar) Opened in Ft. Wayne, Indiana as a Frisch's subfranchise and in 1967 expanded to the Denver, Colorado market. Operated 26 units in 1984.[94] One Azar's Big Boy remains in operation in Ft. Wayne. Alex Azar's son, George Azar, is now CEO.[134] Alex Azar became a member of the Big Boy Board of Directors.[135]


  • Becker's (Rochester and Buffalo, New York, 1956[136]–1965,[137] founded by Abe Becker) Shoney's opened a restaurant in Rochester in the mid 1950s which may have become Becker's Big Boy.[113] By 1957, Becker's was operating four Big Boy restaurants in Greater Rochester.[138] Trying to expand too quickly created a financial crisis and the end of the franchise.[139]


Historic Big Boy franchisee logos


Logos of historic Big Boy franchisees.

Franchisees were once required to use their own name with the Big Boy name and character. Some changed logos periodically and these show designs used while a Big Boy affiliate, most dating from the mid 1950s to the mid 1960s. Eat'n Park, Shoney's and JB's are no longer affiliated with Big Boy. Logos for Arnold's, Bud's and Chez Chap were not available to the artist.




  • Bob's (California, Arizona, Nevada, Alaska, Hawaii, Washington, Oregon, Virginia, Maryland, Delaware, Pennsylvania, New Jersey, Vermont; and Indiana, Ohio, Florida, New York and Pennsylvania toll roads and airport locations operated in several states by the Marriott Corp. or others, 1936+, founded by Robert C. "Bob" Wian) The original Big Boy chain, which in Wian's time was confined to Southern California, Arizona and Nevada. Because Marriott developed and acquired Big Boy restaurants elsewhere, principally the northeastern U.S., Bob's developed a more diverse territory and identity. Bob's in Nevada and Arizona were purchased by JB's Big Boy.[140] Currently Bob's operates only in Southern California. Bob's units are the only operators under the domain of Big Boy Restaurants International now permitted to use a franchise name for public identity. Wian was the original chairman of the Big Boy Board of Directors.


  • Bud's (Montana, Wyoming, Idaho, 1966–197?) Operated two units. Acquired by JBs in the 1970s.[141]


  • Chez Chap (Westmount, a suburb of Montreal, Quebec, 1978–?, founded by Chapman Baehler) Baehler was Bob Wian's stepson.[142]


  • Don's (Burlington, Vermont, 1984, founded by Donald Allard) One of several chain restaurants operated by Allard.[143][144] Restaurant was rebranded as Bob's Big Boy about 1986,[145] and closed, with plans to construct a Red Lobster on the site in 1991.[146]


  • Eat'n Park (metro Pittsburgh, 1949–1975,[147] founded by Larry Hatch and William Peters) Hatch and Peters were supervisors at Isaly's in Pittsburgh.[148] On Isaly's business in Cincinnati, Hatch saw the success of the Frisch's Big Boy Drive-In prompting contact with founder Bob Wian, who needed national exposure to gain national trademark protection.[149] Within a year Eat'n Park opened as the second Big Boy franchisee. When the 25 year franchise agreement expired Eat'n Park dropped Big Boy, attributed to the loss of drive-in popularity but primarily motivated by the end of the $1 per year license fee the franchise had enjoyed.[150] Pittsburgh area Big Boy rights were reassigned to Elby's in 1977.[151]


  • Elby's (Northern West Virginia, Pennsylvania, Eastern Ohio, Maryland, 1956–1984, 1988–2000, founded by brothers George, Ellis and Michael Boury) Named after a brand of flavoring syrup sold by the Bourys' restaurant supply business.[98] Originally acquired the Big Boy rights to northern West Virginia through Shoney's.[113][114][152] In 1960 Elby's expanded into Ohio,[153] licensed through Frisch's. Six years later, Bob Wian awarded Elby's franchisor rights to Pennsylvania, excluding the Pittsburgh and Philadelphia areas; Pittsburgh was awarded Elby's in 1977.[151] When Frisch's refused existing terms on a fourth Ohio unit in 1971,[154] Elby's withdrew from Big Boy affiliation in Ohio, leading to a long running trademark battle by Frisch's.[155] In August 1984 Elby's dropped Big Boy entirely four months after Shoney's—franchisor for Elby's West Virginia stores—broke affiliation.[94][152] Opened units in Maryland after leaving Big Boy. The Elby's name and most company restaurants were sold to Elias Brothers in 1988 becoming Big Boys again. (George and Michael Boury retained nine Ohio units that could not become Big Boys because of nearby Frisch's operations; they were rebanded as Shoney's restaurants until placed for sale in 1993.[156]) Although officially stripped of the Elby's name, identity was so strong that the Elby's name continued in print advertisements.[117][157] The last remaining Elby's closed in 2000 in response to the Elias Brothers financial crisis.


  • Elias Brothers (Michigan, Northeastern Ohio, Ontario, Canada, 1952–2000, founded by Fred, John and Louis Elias) In 1938 the brothers opened Fred's Chili Bowl in Detroit and later the Dixie Drive-In in Hazel Park, which would become the first Elias Brothers Big Boy. Considered the "first official franchisee" because they were the first to formally apply to Bob Wian.[5]:111 Worked with Wian, Schoenbaum and Manfred Bernhard to create the 1956 Big Boy character design and launch the comic book. Owned the Big Boy system from 1987 through 2000 when the bankrupt company was sold to Robert Liggett. Many Michigan units continue operations stripped of the Elias Brothers name and these are the vast majority (90%) of Big Boy Restaurants International's American Big Boy stores. Fred Elias became a member of the Big Boy Board of Directors.[135]


  • Franklin's (Eastern Pennsylvania, 1966–1984, founded by Marvin and Joseph Franklin) Subfranchised by and originally operated as Elby's.[158] After dropping Big Boy affiliation, Franklin's adopted a Benjamin Franklin theme renaming the signature hamburger "Big Boy" as "Big Ben".[84] Sold the 12 unit chain to Hershey's Foods and Friendly's Restaurants in 1985.[159]


  • Frejlach's (Illinois, 1954–196?, founded by Irvin Frejlach) Added Big Boy to their established chain of ice cream shops.[26] Unlike other franchisees, the stores did not directly use the Big Boy name; they remained Frejlach's Ice Cream Shoppes not Frejlach's Big Boy.[160] The company also owned rights to McDonald's restaurants in Cook County (Chicago), Illinois which were sold back to Ray Kroc in 1956. Irvin's brother Lucian "Lou" Frejlach became a member of the Big Boy Board of Directors.[135]


  • Frisch's (Ohio, Kentucky, Indiana, Tennessee; Florida until the early 1990s, 1947+, founded by David Frisch) The Cincinnati restaurant chain and first franchisee, began serving Big Boy hamburgers in 1946, but opened their first Big Boy Drive-In restaurant in 1948; Frisch's now operates 96 Big Boys and franchises 25 Big Boys to others. Frisch's subfranchised to Azar's and Manners, which used the Frisch's styled Big Boy, to Milton and David Bennett in 1955, who operate as Frisch's in northwest Ohio and also licensed Elby's to operate three Big Boy units in the upper Ohio Valley until 1971. In 2001 Frisch's became the perpetual owner of the Big Boy trademark in most of Ohio, Kentucky, Indiana and Tennessee, and received $1.2 million to relinquish all other Big Boy territories to Big Boy Restaurants International, to whom Frisch's is no longer a franchisee or licensee.[161] On August 24, 2015, Frisch's was sold to an Atlanta-based private equity fund, ending family ownership and control of the chain.[19][152][162]


  • JB's (Arizona, Utah, Idaho, Montana, South Dakota, Wyoming, Washington, California, New Mexico, Nevada, Nebraska, Kansas, New Jersey, Rhode Island, Massachusetts, Connecticut;[140] 1961–1988, founded by Jack M. Broberg.) The first JB's Big Boy opened in 1961 in Provo, Utah. In the 1970s JB's expanded by acquiring neighboring Big Boy franchisees: Vip's, Leo's, Kebo's and Bud's. After Marriott refused granting additional territory, in 1984, JB's sued to leave Big Boy. The parties settled, JB's paying $7 million in exchange for additional territory, including central and northern California, Oregon, Washington, Nevada and Arizona where it operated as Bob's Big Boy; JB's also purchased 29 existing Bob's Big Boy restaurants from Marriott.[163][164] Citing a lack of benefit except use of the Big Boy symbol for its over $1 million annual franchise fees, in 1988 JB's allowed its Big Boy franchise to expire, removing 110 units from the Big Boy system.[165] As of December 2016, fifteen JB's Restaurants operate in five states.[166]


  • JB's (Canada - Ontario, Alberta and Quebec, 1969–1979, founded by John Bitove, Sr.) Bitove, a well known Canadian businessman, was the franchisee for Canada generally, along with Roy Rogers Restaurants, both Marriott owned brands. JB's of Canada grew to 32 Big Boy restaurants before selling to Elias Brothers.[167]


  • Kebo's (Seattle and Tacoma, Washington area before JB's dba Bob's, ?–1974, founded by W. Keith Grant.) "Kebo" came from the owners, Keith, Ed and Bob. Two units were sold to JB's in 1974.


  • Ken's (Maryland, Washington DC,[168] 1963–?, founded by Bill Bemis) named in honor of Bill Bemis' father Ken Bemis, who founded the White Log Coffee Shop chain.[169][170] Three Maryland Ken's Big Boys operated in 1969.[168] "Ken's" became "Bob's" in the early 1970s.


  • Kip's (Texas, Oklahoma, Kansas, 1958–1991, founded Fred Bell, Thomas W. Holman and James Reed) Bell owned and operated Kip's of Texas, while Holman and Reed owned and operated Kip's of Oklahoma and Kansas.[171] Acquired by Frisch's in 1972. Kip's territory was transferred to Big Boy Restaurants International in 2001. Bell became an original member of the Big Boy Board of Directors.


  • Lendy's (Western Virginia, 1955–1964, founded by Leonard Goldstein) Owned by Goldstein but operated as Shoney's 1955-1959.[114] Territory proximity to Yoda's angered Goldstein and concurrent franchise with Kentucky Fried Chicken antagonized franchisor Alex Schoenbaum, prompting Lendy's to leave Big Boy.[172][173] Renamed the "Big Boy" hamburger as the "Buddy Boy" and created a Buddy Boy mascot similar to Frisch's Big Boy character.


  • Leo's (Spokane, Washington, Montana, 1966–1971, founded by Leo A. Hansen, Jr.[174]) The first Leo's Big Boy opened in Great Falls, Montana in 1966. Grew to four units before being acquired by and renamed JB's in 1971, Hansen becoming a vice-president of JB's Big Boy.[175]


  • Manners (Northeastern Ohio (Cleveland TV market), 1954–1979, founded by Robert L. and Ramona Manners) Franchisee through Frisch's, used the Frisch styled mascot design. Like Frisch's, Manners was already established having opened Manners Drive-In in 1939, 15 years before becoming a Big Boy franchisee.[176] Paid Frisch's $10 per month for each location. In 1968 Manners Big Boy was sold to Consolidated Foods (now known as Sara Lee Corporation). Marriott purchased the 39 units in 1974 and five years later dropped the name "Manners".[177] Marriott sold 26 remaining restaurants to Elias Brothers in 1985.[178]


  • Marc's (Wisconsin, Iowa, Minnesota, Illinois, 1958–1995, founded by Ben Marcus and Gene Kilberg[68]) Owned by the Marcus Corporation, Marc's Big Boy debuted in Milwaukee in November 1958.[179] The chain grew to 4 units by 1962, 22 units by 1970,[180] doubling this number within 4 years[181] and eventually operated as many as 64 Big Boys over a 4 state territory.[182][103] Among these, acquiring Illinois Top's Big Boy restaurants by 1974—rebranding those in Chicago suburbs Marc's.[183] In 1989, Marc's Big Boy Corporation was renamed Marc's Restaurants[184] and a two-year experiment launched completely removing Big Boy at two of its stores, the test demonstrating no effect on business. In 1992, the Marc's format was upscaled and renamed Marc's Big Boy Cafes;[182] in 1993 13 Big Boy Cafes were converted to Marc's Cafe and Coffee Mills, and the company launched 2 Big Boy Express drive-thru stores.[103][note 14] The following year, the 13 Cafe and Coffee Mill restaurants were sold to a group of employees, with 3 remaining Big Boys and 2 Big Boy Express units offered for sale.[104] In 1995, the company closed its last Big Boy operation.[105] Some former units later operated as Annie's American Cafe and as Perkins Restaurants. However, in 2017 the Marcus Corporation sells Big Boy hamburgers at the Kil@wat restaurant in its downtown Milwaukee hotel;[182][185] in March 2017, the sandwich is priced at $11 on the lunch menu[186] and $12 on the dinner menu both served with fries.[187]


  • McDowell's (North Dakota, 1954–1960 independently as "Big Boy Drive-Inn", 1960+ as franchise, founded by Harley McDowell) A trademark infringement suit against McDowell was filed by Wian in 1959 ultimately resulting in a franchise agreement.[112] Operates exclusively as a drive through. McDowell's name was dropped and the remaining store is now called the Bismarck Big Boy. Along with Big Boy hamburgers, the single restaurant sells flying pizza-burgers and french fries by the pound with chicken gravy.


  • Mr. B's (New Hampshire, 1963–1969,[188] founded by Manfred Bernhard)[5]:75[189]


  • Shap's (Chattanooga, Tennessee, 1959–1964?, founded by I. Shapiro, Pem Cooley, and E. D. Latimer) Franchised by Shoney's. Shap's was abbreviated for Shapiro's. Operated two small units in Chattanooga. Latimer bought out the other partners and changed the name to its franchisor's, Shoney's.[190]


  • Shoney's/Parkette (Tennessee, Alabama, Arkansas, Mississippi, Louisiana, Georgia, Virginia, South Carolina, North Carolina, West Virginia, Maryland, Missouri, New York, Philadelphia, PA, 1952–1984,[note 15] founded by Alex Schoenbaum), Originally called the Parkette, in 1952 it became Parkette Big Boy Shoppes. An unrelated "Parkette Drive-In" had opened in Kentucky[191] so in 1954, a public contest for a new name resulted in Parkette becoming Shoney's, which was also a reference to founder Alex "Shoney" Schoenbaum. Shoney's also subfranchised to Arnold's, Becker's, Elby's,[152] Lendy's, Shap's, Tune's, and Yoda's.,[113][114] and many using the Shoney's name. Ray Danner, the Nashville Shoney's franchisee purchased the company in 1971 and five years later dropped Big Boy from the company name.[192][note 16] In April 1984 Shoney's Inc.—by then the largest Big Boy franchisee with 392 units[193]—paid $13 million to break its contract with Big Boy, allowing expansion into Frisch's and other franchisees' Big Boy territories.[94][194] Schoenbaum became a member of the Big Boy Board of Directors.[135]


  • Ted's (Rhode Island, Eastern Massachusetts) Massachusetts was divided between Ted's Big Boy in the east and Abdow's Big Boy in the west, corresponding to the division of Rhode Island and Connecticut between the two franchises.


  • TJ's (Rochester, Batavia and Syracuse, New York, 1972–?, founded by Anthony T. Kolinski, John Gazda and John Giamartino)[195] The five stores were purchased by Big Boy (Elias Brothers). The two Rochester stores were closed in 1992, and one Syracuse store was sold to a local investor.


  • Tops (Illinois, 1956–1993, founded by Lucian Frejlach[196]) Operated primarily in the suburbs of Chicago.[197] By 1974, the Chicago area stores became Marc's Big Boys, while the central Illinois units remained Tops.[183]


  • Tote's (Missouri, 1964–197?, founded by Edward R. Todtenbier)[198][199] Todtenbier was a Frisch's franchisee in Anderson, Indiana, and planned to open 33 Tote's Big Boys in Missouri, 9 in the St. Louis area.[200] In 1972 the Missouri Big Boy territory was reassigned to Shoney's.[201]


  • Tune's (Philadelphia and Levittown, Pennsylvania, 1956–1963,[202][203][204] founded by Jack Engel[205]) In the mid to late 1950s Alex Schoenbaum seeded various franchises including Tune's.[113][206] Two drive-in restaurants opened.[207] By the early 1960s, the Levittown unit closed[208] and the other was rebranded as Shoney's.


  • Vip's (New Mexico, Texas,[209] Wyoming,[210] 1962–1982. founded by Daniel T. Hogan and James O'Conner[211]) Vip's refers to two distinct restaurant chains. The Big Boy franchisee relevant here, Vip's Big Boy of New Mexico, was acquired by JB's Big Boy in 1972 but continued using the Vip's name until rebranded in 1982.[212][213][140] The other, Vip's Restaurants of Salem, Oregon, was not a Big Boy franchisee but sold units to JB's Big Boy, which operated them as Bob's Big Boy.[163] The non-Big Boy, Salem-based chain had 53 locations at its peak, all sold and rebranded, including 35 to Denny's in 1982 and 16 to JB's in 1984.[214]


  • Yoda's (Western Virginia, founded by Jack Young and Bill Schroeder) Young was Leonard Goldstein's (Lendy's) brother-in-law. Merged with Lendy's.[173][114]


Outside the United States




A Big Boy Restaurant in Chōfu, Tokyo, Japan.


Mady's Big Boy of Windsor, Ontario was not a franchisee, though sometimes identified as one and using a similar looking mascot.[215] In 1965 Bob Wian sued Mady's for trademark infringement but failed because (his) Big Boy was judged not widely known in Canada. The case is considered important in Canadian and international trademark law.[216] In 1973 Elias Brothers bought Mady's and established an Elias Big Boy on Mady's original site.[217]John Bitove, Sr. owned the rights to Big Boy for the remainder of Canada, which he sold to Elias Brothers in 1979.[167]


Outside of North America, Big Boy Japan owns and operates 279 Big Boy Hamburger Steak & Grill Restaurants in Japan. Founded in 1977, Big Boy Japan now also operates 45 Victoria Station restaurants in Japan and is a subsidiary of Zénsho Holdings Co., Ltd.[2][14][218] The Japanese Big Boy Restaurants do not offer the Big Boy hamburger or most other American Big Boy menu items, offering a distinct menu instead.[219] They also offer beer and wine.[219] Zensho had purchased Big Boy Japan from the ailing Daiei in 2002 for 8.65 billion yen.[220][221]


Big Boy also operated (or planned to open) restaurants in Egypt, Saudi Arabia, Spain, Brazil, the Philippines and Thailand.[222]



Big Boy Restaurants International


The Michigan-based owner of the Big Boy chain, which chiefly franchises previous Elias Brothers Big Boy restaurants in Michigan, has suffered a gradual loss of franchised restaurants. About 175 Big Boys existed in July 2006,[223] compared to 79 in September 2017.


On April 16, 2017, the last Big Boy restaurant in the city of Detroit closed.[224] The Big Boy in Fenton, Michigan, is expected to close in 2017.[225] Both properties have been sold to developers. Likewise, in 2016, the Jackson, Michigan, Big Boy closed after the site was purchased by a developer.[226]


Other franchisees are simply leaving the Big Boy chain. In April 2017, the Danville Big Boy, the only unit in Illinois, dropped Big Boy and will operate as the Border Cafe.[227] In 2016 both the Ann Arbor, Michigan, restaurant (on North Zeeb Road)[228] and the restaurant in Houghton Lake, Michigan continued to operate but not as Big Boy restaurants.[226] The Tecumseh[229] and Alma, Michigan[10] restaurants announced they will allow their franchise agreements to expire on November 1, 2017 and early 2018, respectively, and both will continue to operate independently. The Marine City, Michigan Big Boy closed in February 2018, to reopen independently by a new owner.[11] However, in the same month, Big Boy added a new franchisee, an existing restaurant reopening as a Big Boy, in Woodhaven, Michigan.[12] In April 2018, the Coldwater, Michigan location closed, media sources noting multiple health code violations and poor customer reviews.[230][13]


Company-owned restaurants have also closed for under-performance.[231][232]


Big Boy Restaurants International is trying a new fast casual concept known as Big Boy's Burgers and Shakes in Mayfield Heights, Ohio.[233][225] Smaller buildings and sites, and a reduced menu are intended to lower costs that often burden traditional franchisees and threaten the Michigan-based chain. The company has begun offering Burgers and Shakes franchises with initial discounted fees as of October 2017.[234]



See also


  • List of hamburger restaurants

  • List of casual dining restaurant chains



Notes




  1. ^ In a 1947 training film, the office door is lettered Bob's Drive-In and although large mascots appear atop the building, nowhere is Bob's Big Boy mentioned.[8]


  2. ^ As a franchisee, the Elias Brothers bankruptcy threatened Frisch's future use of the Big Boy trademark.[17]


  3. ^ Shoes were added to Washam's bare-footed Big Boy sketch.


  4. ^ "Big Boy" wasn't written on the chest of the East Coast mascot. It was written on the side cap in the comic book, but otherwise it was written on the sleeve and the franchise name written on the side cap.


  5. ^ Mike Sekowsky may have also drawn in the first year.[52]


  6. ^ Lettering in early issues was credited to Artie Simek; coloring and possibly some drawing was by Stan Goldberg.[56]


  7. ^ Lorina Mapa drew Adventures of the Big Boy, she said for five years;[61]Jerry Buckley also drew several issues at the end of the run.[52]


  8. ^ Comic book artist Sheldon Moldoff drew Adventures of the .mw-parser-output .smallcapsfont-variant:small-caps
    Shoney's Big Boy     from 1980 past the conversion to the Shoney's Fun and Adventure Magazine.[52]


  9. ^ The band member was bass player, Stewie Strange. Hansen said Strange was a member of the Chuck Foster Orchestra.[5] However, Rick Brough in The Newspaper (Park City, Utah) said Strange was a road musician with the Harry Lewis Dance Band.[69] Lawrence quoted Wian saying it was the Glendale High School Orchestra,[68] while Searl quoted Wian simply saying it was a big band that Wian used to rehearse with.[70]


  10. ^ Some reports say the Big Boy was first called the Fat Boy hamburger until discovering Fat Boy was a protected trademark.[32][71]


  11. ^ Frisch's placed pickles above bun bottom, and Manners below the bun top.


  12. ^ By comparison, in 2018, the former Big Boy master franchisee Shoney's Restaurants, charges a $35,000 franchise fee, a 4% royalty and 2¾% advertising fee.[126]


  13. ^ Some sources, including a 1986 Azar's menu, say 1954.[133]


  14. ^ Marc's Big Boy Express units were modeled on Rally's Hamburger stores which operated in the Midwest.


  15. ^ Many sources mistakenly report that Shoney's began in 1959 because Ray Danner became a Shoney's Big Boy franchisee in 1959 and he is assumed to be the founder. However, Alex Shoenbaum founded the original Parkette in 1947 and became a Big Boy franchise in 1952. The matter is further confounded because after Schoenbaum changed the public name of his restaurants from "Parkette Big Boy Shoppes" to "Shoney's Big Boy" in 1954, the parent company remained named "Parkette Foods" until it merged with Ray Danner's company in 1971, then being renamed "Shoney's Big Boy Enterprises.


  16. ^ The company name was not always the name as used with the public. The company was named "Parkette Foods" until 1971, when Ray Danner changed it to "Shoney's Big Boy Enterprises". Writing about the 1976 name change the Charleston Daily Mail reported, "Top management ... believes Shoney's is much more than the southern reincarnation of the Frisch's Big Boy."[192]



References




  1. ^ ab Slavin, Barbara (August 9, 1978). "Drive-ins and carhops are things of the past". The Day. New London, CT. New York Times News Service. p. 5. Retrieved April 14, 2015..mw-parser-output cite.citationfont-style:inherit.mw-parser-output qquotes:"""""""'""'".mw-parser-output code.cs1-codecolor:inherit;background:inherit;border:inherit;padding:inherit.mw-parser-output .cs1-lock-free abackground:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/9px-Lock-green.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center.mw-parser-output .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .cs1-lock-registration abackground:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-gray-alt-2.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center.mw-parser-output .cs1-lock-subscription abackground:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-red-alt-2.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registrationcolor:#555.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription span,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration spanborder-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-errordisplay:none;font-size:100%.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-errorfont-size:100%.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration,.mw-parser-output .cs1-formatfont-size:95%.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-leftpadding-left:0.2em.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-rightpadding-right:0.2em


  2. ^ abc "About Us". Big Boy Japan. Retrieved July 25, 2015. (in April 2015) ... Big Boy 279 stores [translated by Google]


  3. ^ Clifford, Tyler (February 13, 2018). "Big Boy promotes David Crawford as permanent CEO". Crain's Detroit Business. Archived from the original on February 15, 2018. Retrieved February 15, 2018.


  4. ^ "[1]." Big Boy. Retrieved on November 23, 2012. "4199 Marcy St. Warren, MI 48091"


  5. ^ abcdefg Hansen, Christian (2002). The Big Boy Story: "King of Them All". Santa Barbara: Haagen Printing. ISBN 978-0967194363. (page 75) On a plane trip to Keene, New Hampshire ... to visit with [Big Boy] franchisee Manfred Bernhard, creator of the Big Boy Comic Book. ... Manfred greeted us at the plane in his car, loaded us in, and we drove in an opposite direction to his restaurant, Mr. 'B's'.


  6. ^ ab Advertisement (April 15, 1956). "New 'Bob's' Opens Tuesday: California's Fanciest Hamburger Joint Newest 'Home of the Big Boy'". The Los Angeles Times. p. G8 – via Newspapers.com. His original capital was $300...
    Free to read Note: Shows image of new McAllister designed drive in, describes Commissary, employee Pension Plan


  7. ^ ab "Bob's home of the 'Big Boy' [Advertisement]". Valley News. Van Nuys, CA. June 29, 1961. p. 38B. Retrieved December 10, 2017 – via Newspapers.com.
    Free to read


  8. ^ abc Smalley, Alfred E. (1947). Car Hop (mp4) (telefilm recording). Glendale, California. Retrieved June 12, 2018.


  9. ^ "Locations: Big Boy". bigboy.com. Retrieved September 19, 2017.


  10. ^ ab Bradley, Sean (October 24, 2017). "Big Boy in Alma renovation ongoing, plans to reopen as 'Piper's' next year". Morning Sun. Mount Pleasant, MI. Archived from the original on November 12, 2017.


  11. ^ ab Shepard, Liz (February 13, 2018). "Marine City Big Boy sold, will reopen as Valentino's". The Times Herald. Port Huron, Michigan. Archived from the original on March 11, 2018. Retrieved February 21, 2018. The Marine City Big Boy closed its doors Monday evening [February 12, 2018].


  12. ^ ab Harrison-Martin, Jackie (February 27, 2018). "Big Boy shares big news; franchise takes over old Toast Restaurant building in Woodhaven". News-Herald. Southgate, Michigan. Archived from the original on March 2, 2018. Retrieved March 11, 2018.


  13. ^ ab Delaney, Ken (April 3, 2018). "Big Boy restaurant in Coldwater closes Monday". WTVB AM. Coldwater, Michigan. Archived from the original on April 3, 2018. Retrieved April 5, 2018.


  14. ^ ab "Zensho Group: Big Boy, Hamburger Steak & Grill Restaurant". Zénsho Holdings Company. Retrieved December 12, 2014.


  15. ^ "Transfer Agreement between The Liggett Restaurant Group and Frisch's Restaurants, Inc.", January 12, 2001.


  16. ^ "Agreement Regarding Use of Trademarks", November 7, 2007.


  17. ^ ab Biank-Fasig, Lisa (January 10, 2001). "Ohio turf gets larger for Frisch's". Cincinnati Enquirer. Retrieved September 5, 2016. Craig Maier, chief executive of Frisch's, said the bankruptcy nearly cost the Cincinnati company its right to franchise Big Boys.
         "In a bankruptcy proceeding, franchise contracts are considered to be no different than a contract to owe money," Mr. Maier said. "They could have said, 'You are no longer franchisee of the Big Boy system.' " 


  18. ^ . . .

    • "Big Boy Restaurant & Bakery/Frisch's Big Boy". Nation's Restaurant News. Retrieved June 15, 2015. The Big Boy system has restaurants operated by and franchised to others by Big Boy Restaurants International LLC and Frisch's Restaurants Inc. ... Headquarters: Big Boy Restaurants International LLC – Warren, Mich./Frisch's Restaurants Inc. – Cincinnati, Ohio ... CEO: Big Boy International – Keith Sirois/Frisch's – Craig F. Maier


    • Order of United States Patent and Trademark Office, Concurrent Use Proceeding Number 94002189, Big Boy Restaurants International, LLC and Frisch's Restaurants, Inc. August 18, 2009.


    • Setters, Andrew (June 6, 2018). "Here's what's different about the Fountain Square Frisch's". WLWT. Archived from the original on June 9, 2018. Retrieved June 9, 2018.


    • Key, Jennie (August 27, 2018). "A Green Township Frisch's closes its doors". Cincinnati Enquirer. Archived from the original on September 4, 2018. Retrieved September 4, 2018.




  19. ^ ab "Frisch's Restaurants Announces Transaction with Affiliate of NRD Partners I, L.P. at $34 Per Share" (Press release). Cincinnati: Frisch's Restaurants. PR Newswire. May 22, 2015. Retrieved May 28, 2015. Agreement Contemplates Continued Operation of all 95 Company Owned Frisch's Restaurants along with 26 Franchised Locations


  20. ^ "Richard Woodruff Dies at 54; Model for 'Big Boy' Statues". The New York Times. October 28, 1986. Retrieved October 3, 2012.


  21. ^ abc Grantham, Loretta (October 20, 1996). "Bye-bye, Big Boy: Comic creator loses meal ticket". The Palm Beach Post. pp. 1D, 5D. Retrieved December 5, 2017 – via Newspapers.com. (continued page 5D) Free to read


  22. ^ ab "Springtime is Big Boy time [advertisement]". Charleston Daily Mail. April 14, 1954. p. 8. Retrieved September 16, 2016 – via newspaperarchive.com.
    Free to read


  23. ^ "Now your enjoy the famous Parkette Foods in downtown Charleston [advertisement]". Charleston Daily Mail. March 13, 1953. p. 20. Retrieved September 16, 2016 – via newspaperarchive.com.
    Free to read


  24. ^ Worth, Stephen (June 8, 2016). "Theory: Big Boy and the Power of Licensing- A Cautionary Tale". Animation Resources. Retrieved September 12, 2016. One day, animator Ben Washam was lunching at Wian's stand, doodling on placemats. Wian saw that he was a cartoonist and asked him to draw a caricature of Richard Woodruff, a chubby, apple cheeked boy who helped out at the stand sweeping up after school. Washam obliged, depicting the lad in oversized checkered overalls munching on a burger. Wian loved the doodle and gave Washam his lunch for free. Bennie gave the sketch to Wian to use as a mascot for the stand.


  25. ^ . . .

    • "How well do you remember Big Boy restaurants?". Open Cleveland / The Plain Dealer. Retrieved September 16, 2016.


    • "Elias Brothers Dixie Drive In menu". Hazel Park History. Retrieved September 16, 2016.




  26. ^ ab "Big Boy Hamburger Now At Frejlach's". Arlington Heights Herald. Arlington Heights, IL. October 7, 1954. p. 12. Retrieved September 30, 2012 – via newspaperarchive.com.
    Free to read


  27. ^ . . .

    • "Bob's Big Boy advertisement". Press Telegram. Long Beach, CA. October 25, 1965. p. 15. Retrieved October 19, 2016 – via newspaperarchive.com.
      Free to read


    • "A Big Boy Kiddies Special [Advertisement]". Bristol Daily Courier. Bristol, PA. July 28, 1958. Retrieved September 13, 2016 – via newspaperarchive.com.
      Free to read


    • "Vintage 1957 Eat n Park Big Boy menu old restaurant hamburger at your service". ebay. Archived from the original on November 2, 2016. Retrieved November 2, 2016.


    • "Now... We are featuring a complete curb service [Advertisement]". Chester Times. Chester, PA. May 11, 1956. p. 35. Retrieved November 4, 2016 – via newspaperarchive.com.
      Free to read




  28. ^ Dahlström, Håkan (November 13, 2009). "Big Boy burgers". flickr. Retrieved March 14, 2017. (Image file)


  29. ^ Day, Anna (October 4, 2009). "Bob's Big Boy". flickr. Retrieved March 14, 2017. (Image file)


  30. ^ "May we serve you, too? [Advertisement]". The Cincinnati Enquirer. July 30, 1970. p. 48. Retrieved December 10, 2017 – via Newspapers.com. Note: The Big Boy character copyright is dated 1969. Free to read


  31. ^ Marriott, Karin (September 16, 2005). "Big Boy's Back: 16-foot statue of restaurant icon occupies rightful place". The Press-Enterprise. Riverside, CA. p. B01. Retrieved September 7, 2017 – via NewsBank. (Subscription required (help)). (Alternative access also available via EBSCO MasterFILE Premier)


  32. ^ ab Jakle, John A.; Sculle, Keith A. (January 1, 2002). Fast Food: Roadside Restaurants in the Automobile Age. JHU Press. p. 77. ISBN 9780801869204.


  33. ^ "A Big Boy Battle". Upstart Business Journal. Archived from the original on October 5, 2016. Retrieved February 16, 2016.


  34. ^ "Big Boy Statue Either Art or Advertising". The Washington Post. April 18, 2004. ISSN 0190-8286. Retrieved February 16, 2016.


  35. ^ Maliszewski, Joanne (July 11, 2004). "An end in Sight, Big Boy to Stay" (PDF). Canton Observer. Canton, MI. p. 1. Retrieved February 16, 2016.


  36. ^ . . .

    • "Big Boy sign comes down". Daily Press & Argus, livingstondaily.com. June 8, 2015. Archived from the original on May 2, 2017. Retrieved February 16, 2016.


    • "Big Boy in Brighton reopens". Daily Press & Argus, livingstondaily.com. August 2, 2015. Archived from the original on May 2, 2017. Retrieved February 16, 2016.




  37. ^ . . .

    • "'Horsetown USA' balks at 4th Bob's Big Boy mascot". The San Diego Union-Tribune. August 3, 2010. Retrieved February 16, 2016.


    • "Big Boy dumps red checkerboard overalls for cowboy hat". ABC7 Los Angeles. December 14, 2010. Retrieved February 16, 2016.




  38. ^ "Frisch's Big Boy Back at Great American Ballpark!". www.frischs.com. Retrieved February 16, 2016. Frisch's is looking forward to operating its two concession booths inside Great American Ballpark.... There is a highly visible 6' 6" Big Boy statue dressed as a 1970s Cincinnati Reds ball player sporting #46 just in front of the Gapper's Alley booth.


  39. ^ Pohlen, Jerome (2014). Oddball Michigan: A Guide to 450 Really Strange Places. Chicago Review Press. p. 95. ISBN 9781613748930.


  40. ^ "Mammal Statues". RoadsideArchitecture.com. Archived from the original on March 30, 2015. Retrieved May 27, 2017.


  41. ^ "Google Maps". Google Maps. November 2016. Retrieved May 27, 2017.


  42. ^ Francaviglia, Richard V. (June 1, 1996). Main Street Revisited: Time, Space, and Image Building in Small-Town America. University of Iowa Press. p. 126. ISBN 9781587290718.


  43. ^ ab Weingartner-Monroe, Nancy (April 2017). "Frisch's Big Boy Loses His Checkered Pants". FranchiseTimes.com. Retrieved April 6, 2017.


  44. ^ Vilvens, Sheila (March 31, 2017). "Frisch's serves up new Big Boy statue". Cincinnati.com. Archived from the original on May 2, 2017. Retrieved April 6, 2017.


  45. ^ Gluck, Marissa (August 13, 2008). "Own a Piece of Bob's Big Boy". Curbed LA. Retrieved February 24, 2017. (Note: The "Hamburger" Bob is the older 1950s style and the "Suspender" Bob is the newer style.)


  46. ^ Herron, Frank (September 25, 2005). "Don't trash it, frame it!". Syracuse Post Standard. p. H4. Retrieved February 24, 2017 – via newspaperarchive.com.
    Free to read


  47. ^ . . .

    • "Gifts". Big Boy Restaurants. Retrieved May 9, 2016.


    • "Bob's Big Boy Bank". Bob's Big Boy. Retrieved May 9, 2016.




  48. ^ "Bobs Big Boy Vintage Ashtray". Worthpoint. July 29, 2015. Retrieved March 8, 2017.


  49. ^ "Rare Ceramic Big Boy Figural Salt & Pepper Shakers from the 1950s/1960s". ebay. Archived from the original on March 9, 2017. Retrieved March 8, 2017.


  50. ^ "Big Boy Pewter Figurine Statue Collector Series #2 Ltd Ed of 500 "1956"". ebay. Archived from the original on March 9, 2017. Retrieved March 8, 2017.


  51. ^ . . .

    • "Inflatable Mascot for Frisch's Big Boy Restaurants - Landmark Creations". landmarkcreations.com. Retrieved February 16, 2016.


    • "Inflatable Ideas - Big Boy Inflatable". www.inflatableideas.com. Retrieved February 16, 2016.




  52. ^ abcdefghi Miller, John Jackson (September 20, 1996). "End of an Era for King of the Giveaways". Comics Buyers Guide (1192). Archived from the original on November 26, 2010. Retrieved April 8, 2017.


  53. ^ ab Bennett, Marcia (June 6, 1989). "After 40 years, remembering the enchanted era of Eat'n Park". Pittsburgh Post-Gazette. pp. 21, 23. Retrieved June 2, 2018 – via Newspapers.com. (Subscription required (help)). [C]hildren could enroll in the Big Boy Club and on Christmas and their birthdays receive a token that could be redeemed at the restaurant for a Big Boy burger. Later the restaurant offered a kiddies' comic book, which contained contained coded messages the youngsters could decipher if they sent for their Big Boy decoder.
    Part 2 Free to read


  54. ^ . . .

    • "National Big Boy Club Member Blue". Busy Beaver Button Museum. Archived from the original on June 3, 2018. Retrieved June 3, 2018.


    • "National Big Boy Club". Busy Beaver Button Museum. Archived from the original on June 3, 2018. Retrieved June 3, 2018.


    • "Big Boy Club". Matthew's Island of Misfit Toys. September 23, 2011. Archived from the original on June 3, 2018. Retrieved June 3, 2018.




  55. ^ Evanier, Mark (July 25, 1997). "POV: Manny Stallman". Comics Buyer's Guide. Retrieved April 8, 2017.


  56. ^ ab Caputo, Nick (June 7, 2012). "Marvel Mysteries and Comics Minutiae: Sol Brodsky, Big Boy and Marvel's Unknown 1960s comics (Updated)". Marvel Mysteries and Comics Minutiae. Retrieved April 8, 2017.


  57. ^ McCabe, Caitlin (June 24, 2016). "The Humble History of The Adventures of Big Boy". Comic Book Legal Defense Fund. Retrieved April 8, 2017.


  58. ^ Raphael, Jordan; Spurgeon, Tom (August 28, 2004). Stan Lee and the Rise and Fall of the American Comic Book. Chicago Review Press. p. 73. ISBN 9781556525414 – via Google Books. ...by 1961, [Lee] was in his fifth year of scripting duties for Sol Brodsky on a series of giveaway comic books for the Big Boy restaurant chain.


  59. ^ Admin (July 11, 1997). "Big Boy cartoonist Manny Stallman dies here at 70". Jewish News of Northern California. Retrieved April 8, 2017.


  60. ^ "Bob Bindig". Lambiek Comiclopedia. November 29, 2007. Retrieved April 16, 2017. In 1985, Bindig retired from his advertising career to take over 'The Adventures of the Big Boy'. He drew the series until 1995, when he really retired.


  61. ^ Mapa, Lorina. "Comics". www.lorinamapa.com. Retrieved April 16, 2017. For 5 years I was commissioned to draw a monthly comic book called "The Adventures of Big Boy" which was distributed in the ... Big Boy chain of restaurants found all across North America. (Examples of Mapa's Big Boy work are found at this URL.)



  62. ^ ab Thompson, Maggie (September 27, 2010). Comics Shop. Adams Media. p. 187. ISBN 1440216509.


  63. ^ "Oldest and Biggest Comic Book Turning 25". The Lewiston (Maine) Daily Sun. 88. December 11, 1980. p. 27. Retrieved March 23, 2016 – via Google News Archive.
    open access publication – free to read


  64. ^ Zarrella, John (September 24, 1996). "Restaurant icon Big Boy shrinks from competition". CNN. Archived from the original on August 14, 2002. Retrieved April 14, 2017.


  65. ^ "Big Boy Magazine, YOE Studio!, 1997 Series". Grand Comics Database. April 25, 2015. Retrieved March 23, 2018.


  66. ^ "Burgers - Big Boy". Big Boy. Retrieved April 8, 2017.


  67. ^ abcdefg Lawrence, Larry (December 16, 1958). "From Dishwasher to Owner of Chain of Restaurants Is the Story of Bob Wian". The Milwaukee Journal Green Sheet. The Journal Company. Retrieved January 12, 2018 – via GoogleNews.
    open access publication – free to read


  68. ^ Brough, Rick (June 26, 1980). "I tot I taw a puddy-tat!". The Newspaper. Park City, Utah. p. 15. Retrieved January 24, 2018 – via Newspapers.com. (Subscription required (help)).
    Free to read


  69. ^ abc Searl, Laura (June 9, 1986). "Big Boy's original Bob takes it easy in Newport". Orange County Register. Santa Ana, CA. Retrieved February 16, 2017 – via newspaperarchive.com.
    Free to read


  70. ^ Carlino, Bill (February 1996). "Bob Wian". Nation's Restaurant News. Penton Media. 30 (6): 166. Retrieved April 14, 2014.


  71. ^ "Vintage famous Bob's Big Boy menu 1938 Burbank CA | #42474613". WorthPoint. Retrieved December 28, 2016.


  72. ^ "US Inflation Calculator". US Inflation Calculator. Retrieved April 22, 2018.


  73. ^ Big Boy take out menu. Wyandotte Big Boy. Retrieved April 22, 2018


  74. ^ Wallace, Amy (December 31, 1993). "The Big Mac: Americana on a sesame-seed bun". Tallahassee Democrat (Other ed.). Los Angeles Times. p. 3A. Retrieved February 7, 2018 – via Newspapers.com. (Subscription required (help)).
    Free to read


  75. ^ "Burger Chef has something big for big appetites. Big Shef. [advertisement]". The Cincinnati Enquirer. September 26, 1979. p. E-12. Retrieved February 4, 2018 – via Newspapers.com. (Subscription required (help)).
    Free to read


  76. ^ Quirk, Mary Beth (November 5, 2013). "Burger King Resurrects Big Mac Clone, Complete With Third Bun". Consumerist. Retrieved February 10, 2017.


  77. ^ "Big King". Burger King (Canada). Retrieved February 10, 2017.


  78. ^ abcde Brown, Mary (February 15, 1969). "Tucson To Tumwater: Tummy Teasers Are Twins". Tucson Daily Citizen. Retrieved February 16, 2017 – via newspaperarchive.com.
    Free to read


  79. ^ ab "Menu". Frisch's Big Boy. Retrieved May 20, 2016.


  80. ^ "Elby's Specials This Week". Altoona Mirror. Altoona, Pennsylvania. January 22, 1983. p. 26. Retrieved May 20, 2016 – via newspaperarchive.com.
    Free to read


  81. ^ "Buckeyes and Burgers -- A long, fulfilling relationship". cleveland.com. July 17, 2007. Retrieved May 21, 2016. The closest might be the Superburger of Eat'n Park, which was once essentially the Manners of Pittsburgh, complete with carhops and franchised Big Boy.


  82. ^ "Local Lendy's Gets Going". The Radford News Journal. April 10, 1969. p. 2. Retrieved November 10, 2016 – via newspaperarchive.com. Featured on the enu will be the famous "Buddy Boy" double-deck hamburger ...


  83. ^ ab . . .

    • "Hey Kids! [Advertisement]". 30. The Doylestown Intelligencer. October 28, 1980. Retrieved November 10, 2016 – via newspaperarchive.com. ... receive a coupon redeemable at any future date for a free "Big Ben" double decker hamburger at any Franklin's ...
      Free to read


    • "Menu image at Franklin's Family Restaurants Reunion". franklins-restaurants.blogspot.com. Retrieved November 10, 2016.


    • "20th Anniversary Specials [Advertisement]". The Morning Call. Allentown PA. September 2, 1986. p. D6. Retrieved November 30, 2017 – via Newspapers.com.
      Free to read




  84. ^ . . .

    • "Choose from a variety of 21 great sandwiches ... [Advertisement]". Dover Times Reporter. June 2, 1979. p. B5. Retrieved November 10, 2016 – via newspaperarchive.com. Our Famous Elby Double Deck Hamburger Platter.


    • "Elby's 20th Birthday [Advertisement]". The Weirton Daily Times. October 14, 1976. p. 16. Retrieved November 10, 2016 – via newspaperarchive.com. Our Famous Elby's Big Boy Hamburger Platter.




  85. ^ "Classic Comeback [Advertisement]". Gettysburg Times. September 18, 1995. p. A10. Retrieved November 10, 2016 – via newspaperarchive.com. Re-introducing Shoney's Classic Double Decker Burger Meal


  86. ^ "Food". Big Boy. Retrieved May 20, 2016.


  87. ^ ab Floury, Bob (February 6, 1972). "Big New Big Boy Restaurant". Star News. Pasadena, CA. p. A8. Retrieved February 27, 2017 – via newspaperarchive.com. (Subscription required (help)).
    Free to read


  88. ^ ab Finneman, John T. (January 26, 1967). "Big Boy Founder Turns $350 into $225 Million Business". Racine Journal-Times. p. 6A. Retrieved February 26, 2017 – via newspaperarchive.com.
    Free to read


  89. ^ Novotney, Steve (February 6, 2016). "The Elby's Empire: Part 2 – 9 Steps". Weelunk. Retrieved February 26, 2017.


  90. ^ ab "18th Bob's Big Boy Coffee Shop Opens". Press Telegram. Long Beach, CA. April 11, 1963. p. P 3 Z 1–2–3–4–5. Retrieved November 4, 2017 – via NewspaperArchive.com. (Subscription required (help)). ...all personnel go through extensive training before being placed in one of the restaurants. 'In fact,' Wian said, 'most managers start in the dish room or as fountain boys.' This method, Wian feels, offers the employees a complete background which thereby brings better service and quality control to the customer.
    Free to read


  91. ^ "Trade winds". Today in business. The Salt Lake Tribune. September 29, 1965. p. 24. Retrieved June 2, 2018 – via Newspapers.com. (Subscription required (help)). Robert C. Wian. founder and president of the national chain of Big Boy Restaurants, will arrive in Salt Lake City Sunday as part of a cross-country tour of Big Boy franchises.
    Free to read


  92. ^ Silverstein, Stuart (May 20, 1984). "Shoney's going after new markets". The Atlanta Constitution. pp. 1–K, 6–K, 7–K. Retrieved April 22, 2018 – via Newspapers.com. (Subscription required (help)).  'No one says they're going to Shoney's Big Boy Restaurant. They say they're going to Shoney's,' said Ray Danner, the company's company's chairman and chief executive officer. Gary P. Spoleta, Shoney's 40-year-old president and chief operating officer, added, 'We got no service or anything (from Marriott) and we were paying $2 million plus (annually) in franchise fees.' 
    part 2, part 3 Free to read


  93. ^ abcde Leininger, Keith (December 6, 1984). "Cherubic Big Boy Caught in a Pickle". News-Sentinel. Fort Wayne. Retrieved October 22, 2017 – via NewsBank. (Subscription required (help)).


  94. ^ Bradsher, Keith (March 18, 1988). "Chubby 'Big Boy' May Disappear as Restaurant Changes". Los Angeles Times. Salt Lake City-based JB's Restaurants announced that after this summer it would no longer use the [Big Boy] name on its 110 restaurants in 10 Western states, not including California. Chairman and Chief Executive Officer Clark D. Jones said the company ... felt it was getting very little for its franchise fee payments.


  95. ^ Cunningham, Libby (April 25, 2013). "Behind-the-scenes tour of Frisch's Commissary provides tasty preview of chain's Founder's Day". WCPO TV-9. Retrieved February 10, 2017. That sense of pride fills the Frisch's Commissary, where workers prepare everything from pie crusts to sandwich spices and fresh hamburgers that will be shipped out to Frisch's 93 restaurants in Columbus, Dayton, Louisville, Lexington and of course, Cincinnati.


  96. ^ Elias Bros. Restaurants v. Treasury Department, 549 N.W.2d 837 (Mich. 1996) ("Food for both company-owned and franchised restaurants is produced at a facility called the Commissary, which Elias Brothers owns and operates.").


  97. ^ ab Novotney, Steve (March 5, 2016). "The Elby's Empire: Part 4 - My Elby's". Weelunk. Retrieved February 10, 2017.


  98. ^ Eagan, John C. (November 17, 1976). "Drive-ins give way to fast food, counter operations". The Day. New London, CT. Associated Press. p. 18. Retrieved April 14, 2015.


  99. ^ "Bob's launches junior version". Valley News (West ed.). Van Nuys, California. February 23, 1971. p. 21-A. Retrieved February 9, 2018 – via Newspapers.com. (Subscription required (help)).


  100. ^ "Shoney's Jr. is now open... [advertisement]". The Charleston Daily Mail. August 26, 1966. p. 11. Retrieved February 9, 2018 – via Newspapers.com. (Subscription required (help)).
    Free to read


  101. ^ "J.B.'s Opens 2 'Junior' Drive-Ins". Deseret News. Salt Lake City. September 19, 1969. p. 10B. Retrieved April 14, 2015.


  102. ^ abc Bednarek, David J. (June 4, 1993). "Marcus returns to fast-food's beginnings with Big Boy Express". The Milwuakee Journal. Journal/Sentinel, Inc. p. C6 – via NewsBank.
    (subscription required)


  103. ^ ab Waterbury, Kathleen (September 14, 1994). "'BYE, BOY Marcus selling cafes, Big Boys". The Milwaukee Sentinel. Journal/Sentinel Inc. p. 1D – via NewsBank.
    (subscription required)


  104. ^ ab "Big Boy". Wisconsin Historical Society. January 31, 2005. Retrieved November 2, 2016.


  105. ^ "Weekend Special! [Advertisement]". Manitowoc Herald Times. August 23, 1968. p. 5. Retrieved November 4, 2016 – via newspaperarchive.com.
    Free to read


  106. ^ "A Good Idea for the Hungry Hunter [Advertisement]". Billings Gazette. October 19, 1957. p. 2. Retrieved November 4, 2016 – via newspaperarchive.com.
    Free to read


  107. ^ ab "Business beat". The Bismarck Tribune. May 27, 2006. Retrieved November 6, 2016.


  108. ^ . . .

    • "New at Frisch's [Advertisement]". Journal News. Hamilton, OH. May 19, 1972. p. 14. Retrieved November 4, 2016 – via newspaperarchive.com.
      Free to read


    • "Save $1.00 [Advertisement]". Manchester Journal Inquirer. Manchester, CT. January 18, 1973. p. 16. Retrieved November 4, 2016 – via newspaperarchive.com.
      Free to read


    • "Bring the coop, take home the chicken! [Advertisement]". Kenosha News. Kenosha, WI. April 13, 1979. p. 21. Retrieved November 4, 2016 – via newspaperarchive.com.
      Free to read


    • "Introductory offer [Advertisement]". Benton Harbor News Palladium. May 22, 1974. p. 13. Retrieved November 4, 2016 – via newspaperarchive.com.
      Free to read




  109. ^ . . .

    • "Great idea! [Advertisement]". Weirton Daily Times. June 13, 1969. p. 12. Retrieved November 4, 2016 – via newspaperarchive.com.
      Free to read


    • "July 4th. Chicken Sale! [Advertisement]". Mansfield News Journal. July 2, 1975. p. 13. Retrieved November 4, 2016 – via newspaperarchive.com.
      Free to read




  110. ^ Glassett, Janie. "[Big Boy Progress Image at] Janies's Big Boy Webpage: Big Boy Family Newsletter". Archived from the original on July 19, 2008. Retrieved February 11, 2013.


  111. ^ ab "'Big Boy' Trademark Suit Opens, Glendale Firm Asks Verdict". The Independent Star News. Pasadena. July 26, 1959. p. 11 – via newspaperarchive.com.
    Free to read


  112. ^ abcde Schaffer, Frank (April 17, 1962). "Charleston Drive-In Zooms To Huge 10-State Business". Charleston Daily Mail. pp. 12, 17. Retrieved February 26, 2013 – via newspaperarchive.com. Then came the expansion outside West Virginia with franchised stores. Before 1956, Shoney's restaurants were operating in Richmond, Salem, Hampton, Norfolk and Newport News, Va., Rochester, N. Y., Philadelphia, Chattanooga, Charlotte and Wheeling [WV]... [I]n 1958, the expansion continued. Three openings were held in Roanoke, one in Lynchburg, and five in Nashville. In this list, the Rochester franchise is Becker's, the Wheeling franchise is Elby's, the Philadelphia franchises are Tune's and Arnold's, the Chattanooga franchise is Shap's, and the Roanoke, Virginia franchises are Lendy's and Yoda's.Free to read


  113. ^ abcde Shoney's Home of the Nationally Famous Big Boy [Menu]. 1959. back cover. Archived from the original on May 28, 2017. In West Virginia... Elby's of Wheeling - 2 locations, Elby's of Moundsville... In Virginia... Lendy's of Roanoke, Lendy's of Lynchburg, Yoda's of Roanoke
    Note: This is a photograph of an early 1960s Shoney's menu cover posted on Ebay, which lists then current Shoney's Big Boy restaurants including self-named subfranchises in Shoney's territory.


  114. ^ "Elby's rejoins Big Boy franchise system". The Doylestown Intelligencer. August 19, 1988. p. B-9. Retrieved September 6, 2017 – via newspaper archive. [T]he entire chain is being united under the Big Boy name, which means our Elby's name, as well as all other franchise names, will eventually be phased out...The chain is also moving toward a consistent core menu. This means that all Big Boys across the country will offer the same basic items, along with certain regional favorites.
    Free to read


  115. ^ "Sign of the times". The Grand Blanc News. September 19, 2004. p. GB-4. Retrieved September 9, 2017 – via Newsbank. The Elias Brothers sign at the corner of Grand Blanc Road and Saginaw Street in Grand Blanc comes down after more than 30 years. [T]he national Big Boy chain ... no longer wants to be referred to as Elias Brothers, and it wants all of its signs to have the same look.


  116. ^ ab "Elby's rejoins Big Boy chain". Observer Reporter. Washington, PA: Observer Publishing Company. August 3, 1988. p. C-6. Retrieved February 14, 2013 – via Google news.


  117. ^ Frisch's Restaurant, Inc. v. Shoney's Inc., 759 F.2d 1261, 1265-6 (6th Cir. 1985) ("In the case at bar, the district court concluded that the "Big Boy" mark was neither an indicator of origin nor distinctive, but was "a relatively weak mark". ... By emphasizing "Shoney's Big Boy Restaurants", as it did in its advertising, Shoney's has identified itself as the source of the services.").


  118. ^ "Tawas Bay Big Boy". Tawas Bay Big Boy. Retrieved March 22, 2016.


  119. ^ . . .

    • "Bismarck Big Boy Restaurant". BisManCafe. Retrieved March 22, 2016. continue to offer distinctions from the standard Big Boy menu.


    • "Around the Mountain State". Point Pleasant Register. August 4, 1988. p. 14. Retrieved June 27, 2013. [A]ll restaurants in the chain will operate under the Big Boy name with standardized menus across the nation. Individual franchise names will be phased out gradually.


    • "Menu". Bob's Big Boy. Retrieved March 22, 2016.


    • "Menu". Frisch's Big Boy. Retrieved March 22, 2016.


    • "Big Boy Restaurant menu: Bismarck, ND". All Menus. Retrieved March 22, 2016.


    • "Food". Big Boy. Retrieved March 22, 2016.




  120. ^ abc "Big Boy Restaurants Int'l. Franchise Information". Entrepreneur. Retrieved March 27, 2017.


  121. ^ "Bob's Big Boy FAQ's" (PDF). BigBoy.com. Retrieved March 27, 2017.


  122. ^ "Big Boy Franchise Management Franchise Agreement" (PDF). Franchise-Info,ca. 2012. pp. 8–9. Retrieved March 27, 2017.


  123. ^ "Frisch's Big Boy Franchise". www.franchisegrade.com. Retrieved March 28, 2017.


  124. ^ "Frisch's Big Boy Analyst Notes & Comparative Analysis". www.franchisegrade.com. Retrieved March 28, 2017.


  125. ^ "FAQs – Shoney's Franchise". franchising.shoneys.com. Retrieved May 4, 2018.


  126. ^ "Frisch's At-A-Glance" (PDF). frischs.com. Retrieved March 27, 2017.


  127. ^ "George Abdow, co-founder of Springfield-area Abdow's Big Boy restaurant chain, dies at 82". The Republican. Springfield, MA. May 29, 2013. Retrieved August 2, 2013.


  128. ^ Massachusetts Secretary of State Corporate Search: Abdow's Big Boy of Riverdale, Inc.


  129. ^ "Big Boy Bounced from New England". Kingman Daily Miner. Kingman, AZ. April 15, 1994. p. 1. Retrieved June 14, 2013.


  130. ^ . . .

    • "Now... We are featuring a complete curb service [Advertisement]". Chester Times. Chester, PA. May 11, 1956. p. 35. Retrieved November 4, 2016 – via newspaperarchive.com.
      Free to read


    • "Presenting the taste sensation you'll never forget! [Advertisement]". Chester Times. Chester, PA. July 1, 1955. p. 5. Retrieved November 4, 2016.




  131. ^ "Formal Opening". Valparaiso Vidette Messenger. Valparaiso, Indiana. August 13, 1970. p. 20. Retrieved April 29, 2016 – via newspaperarchive.com. Azar's was started in Fort Wayne in 1953...
    Free to read


  132. ^ "Azar's Big Boy Family Restaurants Large Menu, 1986,Indiana, Colorado". eBay. May 20, 2018. Archived from the original on June 3, 2018. Retrieved June 3, 2018. Since the first Big Boy opened in Fort Wayne in May of 1954, Azar's Restaurants and their chubby little mascot with the checkered pants have become a familiar sight in Northern Indiana and Colorado.


  133. ^ Wyche, Paul (December 1, 2013). "Azars shifting family business from food to property". The Journal Gazette. Fort Wayne: Fort Wayne Newspapers. Archived from the original on April 18, 2014. Retrieved September 9, 2016.


  134. ^ abcd "Bob's Big Boy restaurant holds opening ceremony". Van Nuys News (Central ed.). June 25, 1965. p. 21-A. Retrieved December 13, 2017 – via Newspaperarchive.com.
    Free to read


  135. ^ "Becker's Grand Opening [Advertisement]". The Rochester Democrat and Chronicle. August 31, 1956. pp. 8–9. Retrieved December 5, 2017 – via Newspapers.com.
    Free to read


  136. ^ "Auction: By order of the Board of Directors, Becker's Big Boy Inc. [Legal Advertisement]". Democrat and Chronicle. Rochester. September 14, 1965. p. 7C. Retrieved December 17, 2017 – via Newspapers.com.
    Free to read


  137. ^ "Year–round drive–in service at your favorite Becker's Big Boy [advertisement]". Democrat and Chronicle. Rochester, New York. November 28, 1957. p. 24E. Retrieved March 20, 2018 – via Newspapers.com. (Subscription required (help)). 975 Ridge Rd. East, 1280 Buffalo Rd.... 814 Brown St., 2947 Monroe Ave.
    Free to read


  138. ^ Baker, Jim (March 18, 2010). "Out of the Past: Johnson's Drive-In, Route 5 in Athol Springs, 1957" (PDF). The Sun. Hamburg (NY). p. 12. Retrieved April 12, 2013. The Johnson family continued to run the business until 1959 ... When the Johnson's left the business, they sold out to the Becker family of Rochester who owned the "Big Boy" franchise restaurants. They had successful restaurants in Buffalo, but for whatever reason, they never re-opened the former drive-in at the circle. It is believed that they tried to expand too fast and fell on hard financial times.


  139. ^ abc "Big Boy chain in state is sold for $2.7 million". Arizona Republic. Phoenix. July 3, 1974. p. 43 – via Newspapers.com. JB's Big JB's Big Boy Restaurants ... is licensed to operate in Utah, Idaho, Montana, Washington, South Dakota, Nevada, Nebraska, New Mexico, New Jersey, and in parts of Connecticut, Massachusetts and Rhode Island.
         In New Mexico, JB's operates as Vip's Big Boy and in Nevada as Bob's Big Boy, the same as Arizona.
    Free to read


  140. ^ Rickner, Amanda (March 15, 2012). "JB's Restaurant being demolished, property listed for $1.2 million". Bozeman Daily Chronicle. Bozeman MT: Pioneer News Group. Retrieved October 8, 2013. The restaurant was constructed in the early 1970s, according to city building records. For a time, it was a Bud's Big Boy restaurant before becoming JB's.


  141. ^ Rochester, Helen (August 9, 1978). "Lunch in Westmount: Modified Big Boy is no treat". The [Montreal] Gazette. Southam Press. Retrieved April 14, 2014.


  142. ^ "No Big Boy in St. Albans this year". The Burlington Free Press. May 31, 1984. p. 2. Retrieved March 11, 2018 – via Newspapers.com. (Subscription required (help)).


  143. ^ "2 for 1 special [advertisement]". The Burlington Free Press. May 30, 1984. p. 7B. Retrieved March 11, 2018 – via Newspapers.com. (Subscription required (help)).


  144. ^ "You just can't stop yourself [advertisement]". The Burlington Free Press. April 20, 1986. p. 8D. Retrieved March 11, 2018 – via Newspapers.com. (Subscription required (help)).


  145. ^ Debbie, Salomon (July 9, 1991). "Downtown Wendy's opening delayed by design". The Burlington Free Press. p. 1D. Retrieved March 11, 2018 – via Newspapers.com. (Subscription required (help)).


  146. ^ McKay, Jim (June 6, 1989). "Eat'n Park in high gear". Pittsburgh Post-Gazette. pp. 13, 15. Retrieved June 2, 2018 – via Newspapers.com. (Subscription required (help)). Eat'n Park dropped the Big Boy franchise in 1975
    Part 1 Free to read


  147. ^ "Peters, co-founder of Eat'n Park, dead at 87", Nation's Restaurant News, August 28, 2000.


  148. ^ "Obituary: William D. Peters / President of Eat'n Park restaurants". Pittsburgh Post-Gazette. August 20, 2000. Retrieved February 15, 2013.


  149. ^ Kapner, Suzanne, "After 46 years, Eat'n Park still revs sales, appetites", Nation's Restaurant News, September 18, 1995.


  150. ^ ab "Elby's given rights to franchise". The Times Recorder. Zanesville, Ohio. March 20, 1979. p. 14. Retrieved December 2, 2017 – via Newspapers.com.
    Free to read


  151. ^ abcd Frisch's Restaurant, Inc. v. Elby's Big Boy, 661 F.Supp. 971 (S.D. Ohio, E.D. 1987).


  152. ^ "and... NOW THERE ARE 3 Elby's [advertisement]". Cambridge Daily Jeffersonian. March 28, 1960. p. 7. Retrieved July 30, 2016 – via newspaperarchive.com.
    Free to read


  153. ^ "Advertisement: Grand opening our 16th special". The Cambridge Daily Jeffersonian. January 11, 1971. p. 9. Retrieved September 7, 2016 – via newspaperarchive.com.
    Free to read


  154. ^ "Narcotics Evidence Is Found Illegal". Cumberland Evening Times. August 1, 1973. p. 27. Retrieved September 7, 2016 – via newspaperarchive.com.
    Free to read


  155. ^ . . .

    • Amatos, Christopher A. (April 2, 1989). "Elby's franchise switch makes it Shoney's today". Columbus Dispatch. p. 7D – via Newsbank. Shoney's, ironically, ... has never been in Columbus because of restrictions imposed by the Big Boy system, of which Shoney's was once a member. West Virginia-based Elby's also was once a Big Boy franchise.


    • "Franchisee's 9 Shoney's Restaurants in area up for sale". Columbus Dispatch. March 25, 1993. p. 1G. Retrieved September 8, 2017 – via Newsbank. The nine units consist of seven in Columbus and one each in Newark and Heath.


    • Amatos, Christopher A. (August 5, 1993). "Owner closes five area JT's Restaurants". Columbus Dispatch. p. 1B. Retrieved September 8, 2017 – via Newsbank. In May [Boury Enterprises] dropped the Shoney's franchise and converted six of the nine units to JT's Family Restaurants. It sold three closed restaurants to Shoney's.... Shoney's said that it plans to reopen in November, December and January the three stores it purchased.




  156. ^ "Elby's Big Boy Strawberry Festival (Advertisement)". Observer Reporter. Washington, PA: Observer Publishing Company. April 26, 1994. p. B-2. Retrieved February 14, 2013 – via Google news.


  157. ^ . . .

    • "Elby's Opens in Scranton". The Weirton Daily Times. Thompson - Brush - Moore Newspapers. December 23, 1969. p. 5. Retrieved November 10, 2016 – via newspaperarchive.com.
      Free to read


    • "Opens 16th Elby's". The Gettysburg Times. September 7, 1970. p. 3. Retrieved November 10, 2016 – via newspaperarchive.com.
      Free to read


    • Dino, Jim (August 28, 2015). "Former Friendly's sold to investors". Standard Speaker. Hazelton, PA: Times-Shamrock Communications. Retrieved November 10, 2016. In the late 1970s, Marvin Franklin changed 13 Elby's restaurants he owned in Pennsylvania and elsewhere on the East Coast into Franklin's Family Restaurants, with a menu similar to its predecessor.




  158. ^ "Firms agree on sale of 70 Elby's locations". The Altoona Mirror. Mirror and United Press International. April 5, 1986. p. D3. Retrieved November 10, 2016 – via newspaperarchive.com.
    Free to read


  159. ^ 1956 Oak Park Telephone Directory. 1956. p. 133.


  160. ^ Kosdrosky, Terry (February 2001). "New Owner of Big Boy Gobbles Up Franchise Rights". Crain's Detroit Business. 17 (7). p. 32.


  161. ^ "Frisch's Big Boy Celebrates Founder's Day May 3". [Official] Frisch's Big Boy of Northwest Ohio. Retrieved July 29, 2013. Toledo brothers Milton & David Bennett purchased the franchise rights to build and operate Frisch's Big Boy restaurants in Northwest Ohio. Bennett Enterprises owns and operates 13 family-style restaurants with drive-thru service under the name Frisch's Big Boy.


  162. ^ ab Big Boy Restaurants 1986 50th Anniversary Western-Central US Road Map (Map) (1986 ed.). Big Boy Restaurants. back cover. Retrieved June 27, 2013.


  163. ^ FundingUniverse. "History of Summit Family Restaurants Inc". www.fundinguniverse.com. Retrieved December 8, 2016.


  164. ^ Bradsher, Keith (March 18, 1988). "Chubby 'Big Boy' May Disappear as Restaurant Changes". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved October 22, 2017.


  165. ^ "Locations". JB's Restaurants. Retrieved December 8, 2016. Using Salt Lake City zip code 84101, and a 500 mile radius.


  166. ^ ab "Executive Summary: John Bitove, Sr". Retrieved September 29, 2012.


  167. ^ ab "Ken's" (jpg). Adventures of the Big Boy (comic book). No. 151 (Ken's ed.). WEBS Advertising Corp. January 1969. back cover. Archived from the original on October 2, 2017. Retrieved October 2, 2017. (front cover; archive)


  168. ^ "White Log Coffee Shop, Los Angeles, CA". Pacific Coast Architecture Database. Retrieved March 22, 2016. Designed for the chain of coffee shops started by Kenneth Bemis


  169. ^ Winter, Robert; Gebhard, David (2009). An Architectural Guidebook to Los Angeles. Gibbs Smith. p. 249. ISBN 9781423608936.


  170. ^ "EZ's Coffee Shop (formerly Kip's Big Boy) at Northwest Highway & Hillcrest, North Dallas To Be Demolished?". Preservation Dallas. Archived from the original on December 12, 2010. Retrieved September 9, 2016.


  171. ^ "Lendy's Web Page, part 4". Archived from the original on August 5, 2011.


  172. ^ ab "Lendy's Web Page, part 2". Archived from the original on August 5, 2011.


  173. ^ "Owner Realizes Early Ambitions". Spokane Daily Chronicle. May 1, 1970. p. 23. Retrieved June 14, 2013.


  174. ^ "Big Boy picks new directors". Provo Daily Herald. July 18, 1971. p. 5. Retrieved December 24, 2017 – via Newspaperarchive.com.


  175. ^ Higgins, Bette Lou (August 9, 2009). "Restaurants". The Encyclopedia of Cleveland History. Case Western Reserve University. Retrieved September 9, 2016. The first California-style drive-in in the Cleveland area, Manners Drive In, opened in 1939 (17655 Lake Shore Blvd.). It operated 7 days a week, 24 hours a day and was opened by Robert L. and Mona Manners. Manners introduced the double-decker hamburger in 1954. By 1964 there were 30 Manners Big Boy Restaurants in northeast Ohio ... In 1968 Manners merged with Consolidated Food Corp. of Chicago. In 1974 Marriott purchased 39 Manners Drive Ins from Consolidated Foods.... In 1995 the Big Boy Corp. was operating under the Elias Big Boy name.


  176. ^ Feran, Tom (September 2, 2005). "Manners Big Boy's secret is on the tip of my tongue". The Plain Dealer. Cleveland: Newhouse Newspapers. Archived from the original on April 21, 2011. Retrieved July 7, 2014.


  177. ^ Byard, Katie (February 16, 1985). "Michigan Firm To Purchase 26 Ohio Big Boys". Business. Akron Beacon Journal. p. B-7. Retrieved September 23, 2017 – via NewsBank. Elias Brothers Restaurants Inc.... has agreed to purchase the 26 Bob's Big Boy outlets in Northeast Ohio from owner and Big Boy franchiser Mariott Corp.... Mariott purchased the Northeast Ohio Big Boy outlets, then under the name of Manners Big Boy Restaurants, from Chicago- based Consolidated Foods Corp. in the mid-1970s.


  178. ^ "Milwaukee Welcomes BIG BOY [advertisement]". The Milwaukee Journal. November 21, 1958. p. 22. Retrieved June 2, 2018 – via Google news. A free Coca-Cola with every food order during our opening week. Just clip the Marc's symbol from this ad and turn it in with your order.
    open access publication – free to read


  179. ^ "The Marcus Corporation - Company Profile, Information, Business Description, History, Background Information on The Marcus Corporation". Reference for Business. Advameg, Inc. Retrieved November 2, 2016.


  180. ^ "Marcus reports 26 per cent profit increase". The Post-Crescent. Appleton, Wisconsin. August 10, 1973. p. B–6. Retrieved June 3, 2018 – via Newspapers.com. (Subscription required (help)).
    Free to read


  181. ^ abc Chris, Foran (January 24, 2017). "Our Back Pages: When they locked up Big Boy". Milwaukee Journal Sentinel. Archived from the original on May 2, 2017. Retrieved January 24, 2017.


  182. ^ ab "Top's 1974 Big Boy Family Restaurants Menu -Wisc.,Minn.,Ill., Iowa". eBay. June 2, 2018. Archived from the original on June 3, 2018. Retrieved June 3, 2018.


  183. ^ Pirkl, Tim (May 5, 1989). "Tehan heads foundation; Big Boy changes name". Taking Stock. Wausau Daily Herald. p. C1. Retrieved June 3, 2018 – via Newspapers.com. (Subscription required (help)).
    Free to read


  184. ^ Fredrich, Lori (April 7, 2017). "On the Burger Trail: Big Boy burger at Kil@wat". OnMilwaukee.com. Archived from the original on March 11, 2018. Retrieved April 9, 2017.


  185. ^ "Kil@wat lunch menu" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on March 11, 2018. Retrieved January 24, 2017.


  186. ^ "Kil@wat dinner menu" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on March 11, 2018. Retrieved March 8, 2017.


  187. ^ "New Hampshire Corporate Record: Keene Big Boy, Inc". Archived from the original on May 2, 2017. Retrieved February 12, 2013.


  188. ^ Glassett, Janie. "(Mr. B's Image at) Janies's Big Boy Webpage". Archived from the original on July 25, 2008. Retrieved February 11, 2013.


  189. ^ Jolley, Harmon (July 16, 2002). "What Did That Building Used To Be? - Shap's". The Chattanoogan.com. Retrieved September 30, 2013.


  190. ^ "The Parkette at the Beginning". Parkette Drive-In. Retrieved December 4, 2016. Joe Smiley opened the Parkette [Drive-In] on November 11, 1951.... Joe created his own version of the Double-Decker hamburger called the 'Poor Boy'. Joe brought this burger idea with him from West Virginia.


  191. ^ ab "Shoney's Changes Corporate Name". The Charleston Daily Mail. October 30, 1976. p. 5B. Retrieved December 17, 2017 – via Newspapers.com. 'Our company is quite diversified within the food service business ... We believe the new name is less restrictive and more appropriate to the broader operations we have developed'
    Free to read


  192. ^ "Print ads in The Contest of the Century", The Charleston Gazette and The Charleston Daily Mail, Charleston, WV, 1952–55, retrieved June 27, 2012


  193. ^ . . .

    • Zuckerman, David (May 7, 1984). "Shoney's secedes from Big Boy system". Nation's Restaurant News. Penton Media. Archived from the original on July 8, 2012. Retrieved April 15, 2014.


    • "Graph of Shoney's net income since 1974; At Shoney's, details count". The New York Times. June 8, 1984. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved November 29, 2016. Shoney's started expanding outside of its franchise territory in 1982 by opening coffee shops without Big Boy markings in neighboring states. A fellow Big Boy franchisee sued to stop the move, but after Shoney's won a favorable court ruling in March, Marriott quickly agreed to scrap the franchise agreement for $13 million in cash.




  194. ^ Gazda v. Kolinski, 91 A.D.2d 860 (N.Y. App. Div. 1982).


  195. ^ "Obituary: Lucian Frejlach". Oshkosh Northwestern. Gannett. February 9, 2014. Retrieved May 26, 2014.


  196. ^ "This comic book is a gift from Tops". Adventures of the Big Boy. No. 126 (Q: Tops Big Boy ed.). December 1966. back cover imprint. Lists eight locations; six are in the Chicago metropolitan area: Norton Grove, La Grange, Aurora, Glen Ellyn, Downer's Grove, Berwyn, and the other two: Springfield, Jacksonville, are in central Illinois.


  197. ^ "New Chain Plans 33 Restaurants". St. Louis Post-Dispatch. June 9, 1963. p. 5F. Retrieved November 25, 2017 – via Newspapers.com.
    Free to read


  198. ^ "Tote's Home of the Big Boy New Restaurant Opening [Advertisement]". Saint Charles Journal. April 27, 1967. p. 35. Retrieved November 2, 2016 – via newspaperarchive.com.
    Free to read


  199. ^ "New chain plans 33 restaurants". The St. Louis Post-Dispatch. June 9, 1963. p. 5F. Retrieved December 4, 2017 – via Newspapers.com.
    Free to read


  200. ^ "Shoney's Big Boy franchise". The St. Louis Post-Dispatch. December 6, 1972. p. 11C. Retrieved December 4, 2017 – via Newspapers.com.
    Free to read


  201. ^ "Real Estate News". The Philadelphia Inquirer. February 22, 1956. p. 42. Retrieved November 4, 2017 – via Newspapers.com.
    Free to read


  202. ^ Gaghan, Jerry (December 16, 1963). "Burton May Perform Here". Philadelphia Daily News. p. 43. Retrieved November 24, 2017 – via Newspapers.com. Alex Schoenbaum ... was in to look over the 50th unit in his chain of Shoney's restaurant drive-in at Cottman Ave. and Roosevelt Blvd. Shoney's first move in linking forces with local operator Jack Engel was a remodeling and expansion of the dining room facilities.
    Free to read


  203. ^ "Applications Now Being Taken ... (Help Wanted Advertisement)". The Philadelphia Inquirer. November 8, 1963. p. 37. Retrieved November 24, 2017 – via Newspapers.com. ...Shoney's Restaurant (formerly Tunes Big Boy) Roosevelt Blvd. at Cottman
    Free to read


  204. ^ "Levittown Restaurant Opens". Bristol Daily Courier. December 7, 1957. p. 2. Retrieved December 13, 2017 – via Newspaperarchive.com.
    Free to read


  205. ^ "[Advertisement] We Are Famous!" (PDF). Philadelphia Inquirer. September 18, 1959. Retrieved February 10, 2015.


  206. ^ "Levittown's Newest Citizen is here [Advertisement]". Bristol Daily Courier. December 5, 1957. p. 34. Retrieved November 2, 2016 – via newspaperarchive.com.
    Free to read


  207. ^ "Big Boy Restaurant Discontinues Operation". Bristol Daily Courier. April 15, 1959. p. 3. Retrieved November 2, 2016 – via newspaperarchive.com.
    Free to read


  208. ^ "Restaurant Chain Expands to E.P." El Paso Herald Post. August 29, 1963. p. 32. Retrieved September 9, 2016 – via newspaperarchive.com. VIP's Big Boy restaurants of New Mexico, Inc. today announced a merger with the Big Boy restaurant organization in El Paso, which will serve as headquarters for expansion throughout West Texas. ... The firm has taken over a restaurant at 8409 Dyer Street formerly known as Kip's Big Boy Restaurant.
    Free to read


  209. ^ "Matchbook - Vip's Big Boy Hamburgers Cheyenne Torrington WY FULL". ebay. Archived from the original on July 28, 2015. Retrieved July 28, 2015.


  210. ^ "New Restaurant Is Planned Here". Albuquerque Journal. Albuquerque: Journal Publishing Co. January 19, 1962. p. 2. Retrieved October 19, 2012 – via newspaperarchive.com.
    Free to read


  211. ^ "JB's Big Boy Plans Fall Stock Offering". The Deseret News. Salt Lake City. September 1, 1972. p. 4T. Retrieved July 7, 2014.


  212. ^ "Children's project gets $1,000 gift". Santa Fe New Mexican Sun. August 15, 1982. p. 4. Retrieved November 2, 2016 – via newspaperarchive.com. Commenting on the name change from Vip's Big Boy to JB's Big Boy, Clark D. Jones, president of the Salt Lake City-based restaurant chain, said it was done with several new changes in the restaurants and to add more cohesiveness to the operation of the company.
    Free to read


  213. ^ "VIP's officials announce sale of restaurants". The Register-Guard. Eugene, Oregon. August 18, 1984. p. 9B. Retrieved June 17, 2013.


  214. ^ "[Advertisement] Mady's Big Boy Turns Back the Clock on Food Prices!". The Windsor Star. March 23, 1968. p. D3. Retrieved July 7, 2014.


  215. ^ McDonald's Corporation v Joburgers Drive-Inn Restaurant (Pty) Ltd. and Another; McDonald's Corporation v Dax Prop CC and Another; McDonald's Corporation v Joburgers Drive-Inn Restaurant (Pty) Ltd. and Another [1996] ZASCA 82 (27 August 1996), Supreme Court of Appeal (South Africa)


  216. ^ Kent, Jack (December 26, 1973). "Business Highlights: Elias Big Boy to open here". The Windsor Star. Windsor, ON, Canada. p. 20 – via Google News.


  217. ^ Matsutani, Minoru (January 25, 2011). "Family restaurants falling from flavor". Japan Times. Tokyo: Toshiaki Ogasawara. Retrieved July 7, 2014.


  218. ^ ab "Big Boy Japan Menu Items". Big Boy Japan. Retrieved February 9, 2013.


  219. ^ "Daiei seen selling restaurant chains". CNN. December 1, 2002.


  220. ^ "Daiei to sell 2 units to Zensho group". Japan Weekly Monitor. December 9, 2002 – via The Free Library.


  221. ^ . . .

    • Weir, Nancy (April 1, 1992). "Memories of unforgettable food". Gadsden Times. p. C1. Retrieved March 22, 2016. [T]oday there are 963 franchise units in the United States, Canada, Japan, Saudi Arabia and Indonesia


    • "Deal brings Big Boys to Spain, Portugal". In Brief. Tallahassee Democrat (Main ed.). August 17, 1993. p. 6B. Retrieved January 8, 2018 – via Newspapers.com.
      Free to read


    • "Big Boy restaurant returns to Owosso". The Argus-Press (180 ed.). Owosso, MI: The Argus-Press Company. July 1, 1998. p. 1. Retrieved March 23, 2016 – via Google News Archive. Today, Elias Brothers Restaurants, based in Warren, franchises nearly 900 units in the United States, Canada, Japan, Saudi Arabia, Thailand, Brazil and the Philippines.


    • Hamstra, Mark (May 8, 1995). "Big Boy sets foot on European soil". Nation's Restaurant News. Vol. 29 no. 19. Retrieved September 7, 2017 – via MasterFILE Premier. (Subscription required (help)).  (subscription may be required or content may be available in libraries)


    • "Big Boy comic book contest announced". The Argus-Press. Owosso, MI: The Argus-Press Company. June 20, 2001. p. 6. Retrieved March 23, 2016 – via Google News Archive. Big Boy Restaurants International LLC is the exclusive worldwide franchiser of more than 455 Big Boy Restaurants in the United States, Japan and Egypt.




  222. ^ Hayes, Jack (July 24, 2006). "Family brands undergo updates to meet diners' changing needs". Nation's Restaurant News. Vol. 40 no. 30. p. 78. Retrieved September 7, 2017 – via MasterFILE Premier. ...the chain now boasts approximately 175 directly franchised and company-owned locations... (subscription may be required or content may be available in libraries)


  223. ^ Aguilar, Louis (April 1, 2017). "Death of Detroit's last Big Boy sparks east side angst". Detroit News. Archived from the original on April 1, 2017. Retrieved April 9, 2017.


  224. ^ ab Rummell, Sally (March 2, 2017). "'People love their Big Boy'". Tri-County Times. Archived from the original on April 9, 2017. Retrieved April 9, 2017.


  225. ^ ab . . .

    • DesOrmeau, Taylor (September 26, 2016). "Big Boy in Jackson closes its doors". Jackson Citizen Patriot. Retrieved October 19, 2016. [The Jackson, Michigan] Big Boy officially closed Monday, Sept. 26, [2016]. ... The restaurant opened as a Big Boy between 1960 and 1961, the source said.


    • Reznich, Thomas (October 6, 2016). "Goodbye Big Boy". Houghton Lake Resorter. Retrieved October 18, 2016. The Big Boy that graced the top of the Big Boy restaurant sign on M-55 at Houghton Lake was lowered to the ground Oct. 3.... Libby Whittington, daughter of restaurant building owner Barb Whittington, ... said the restaurant will continue to operate, but will now be known as Mikey's.




  226. ^ Bailey, Jennifer (April 13, 2017). "Big Boy Restaurant gets new name". Danville Commercial News. Archived from the original on March 11, 2018. Retrieved May 7, 2017. [T]he restaurant no longer has a contract with Big Boy and the owners are opening their own restaurant at 369 Lynch Rd.
         The name of the restaurant will now be Border Cafe.


  227. ^ Durr, Matt (April 21, 2016). "Ann Arbor area Big Boy closes suddenly". MLive.com. Archived from the original on October 6, 2016. Retrieved April 9, 2017.


  228. ^ Shapiro, Dmitriy. "Tecumseh Big Boy to drop franchise affiliation". The Daily Telegram. Archived from the original on May 7, 2017. Retrieved May 7, 2017. The family-owned restaurant on M-50 on the western edge of Tecumseh is planning not to renew its contract when the current 20-year franchise agreement expires Nov. 1.
         [The owners] said ... they felt that it was the right time to move on when 'six or seven years' prior, the company told its franchisees to undertake a complete renovation if they wanted a new contract ... adding that most of the franchises appear to be making the same decision.' 


  229. ^ Reid, Don (April 3, 2018). "Big Boy restaurant closes". The Daily Reporter. Coldwater, Michigan. Archived from the original on April 5, 2018. Retrieved April 5, 2018.


  230. ^ Hotts, Mitch (September 1, 2017). "Big Boy in Mount Clemens closes after 40 years". The Macomb Daily. Township, MI: Digital First Media. Archived from the original on March 11, 2018. Retrieved September 9, 2017. [T]he eatery closed after the last shift on Sunday night [August 27, 2017].


  231. ^ Hotts, Mitch (September 6, 2017). "Big Boy on Gratiot in Eastpointe also shuts down". The Macomb Daily. Township, MI: Digital First Media. Archived from the original on March 11, 2018. Retrieved September 9, 2017. The landmark Big Boy on Gratiot Avenue near Nine Mile Road closed in August [2017].


  232. ^ "Big Boy's Burgers and Shakes". burgersandshakes.com. Retrieved April 9, 2017.


  233. ^ "Own a Big Boy's Burgers and Shakes – Franchise Opportunities". ownabigboy.com. Retrieved October 30, 2017.



Further reading



  • Hansen, Christian (2002). The Big Boy Story: "King of Them All". Haagen Printing. ISBN 978-0967194363.


  • Langdon, Philip (1986). Orange Roofs, Golden Arches: The Architecture of American Chain Restaurants. Knopf. ISBN 978-0394741291.


External links




Official Big Boy company sites
  • Big Boy Restaurants International


  • Big Boy's Burgers and Shakes, additional site

  • Frisch's Big Boy Restaurants

  • Bob's Big Boy Restaurant, Burbank, CA


  • Big Boy (Restaurants) Japan partial English translation by Google

Other sites
  • The Elby's (Big Boy) Empire. Part 1 2 3 4 5 6 7


  • Roadside Peek: Big Boy Big Boy East Big Boy Japan


  • RoadsideArchitecture: Big Boy Frisch's Big Boy


  • Lendy's Web Pages (archived)


  • Armet & Davis restaurant design renderings for Bob's Big Boy for Azar's Big Boy for Frisch's Big Boy for Kip's Big Boy








-

Popular posts from this blog

𛂒𛀶,𛀽𛀑𛂀𛃧𛂓𛀙𛃆𛃑𛃷𛂟𛁡𛀢𛀟𛁤𛂽𛁕𛁪𛂟𛂯,𛁞𛂧𛀴𛁄𛁠𛁼𛂿𛀤 𛂘,𛁺𛂾𛃭𛃭𛃵𛀺,𛂣𛃍𛂖𛃶 𛀸𛃀𛂖𛁶𛁏𛁚 𛂢𛂞 𛁰𛂆𛀔,𛁸𛀽𛁓𛃋𛂇𛃧𛀧𛃣𛂐𛃇,𛂂𛃻𛃲𛁬𛃞𛀧𛃃𛀅 𛂭𛁠𛁡𛃇𛀷𛃓𛁥,𛁙𛁘𛁞𛃸𛁸𛃣𛁜,𛂛,𛃿,𛁯𛂘𛂌𛃛𛁱𛃌𛂈𛂇 𛁊𛃲,𛀕𛃴𛀜 𛀶𛂆𛀶𛃟𛂉𛀣,𛂐𛁞𛁾 𛁷𛂑𛁳𛂯𛀬𛃅,𛃶𛁼

𛀝𛂎𛃩𛁂𛂯𛀋𛃈,𛁴,𛀡𛃕𛁀𛀆𛀝𛀊𛀚𛃍𛂯𛂸𛁞𛂪𛀈,𛂵,𛀞𛂢𛀯𛃂𛁱 𛃩𛂜𛃅 𛂧𛀧𛂦𛀑,𛃛𛃟,𛃍𛀔𛀣𛀶𛀪𛃱𛀓𛀅𛁱,𛂖 𛁷 𛁉𛂹𛀉𛀼 𛁎,𛃭 𛀣𛃫𛃯𛁸𛂸𛂰𛂣𛀯𛁩𛂂𛃓𛃿𛂽𛃤𛃢𛁂𛀺 𛂚𛀅𛃵𛁬𛃽𛃯𛂔𛃣𛃝𛂫 𛂖𛂾𛂈 𛂡𛁔𛀇𛁁𛃛𛃖 𛃜,𛁊𛂠𛀌𛁼𛃶𛃣𛃊𛀘𛂐𛃓𛃛𛁂𛂥𛃛𛂲,𛃄𛀗𛀪𛁘𛁉𛁫𛀲𛀕𛂍𛁓𛁏𛃿𛃔𛁼 𛀞𛀤 𛂏𛃚𛃎 𛃱𛀭𛀟𛂃𛀭𛀫𛃚 𛂻𛁄 𛃚𛂁 𛂀𛂈𛃒𛁼𛃏𛂣𛂔,𛁩𛂝,𛁎,𛂗,𛂧𛃁𛃷𛁜𛃭𛂙𛂣𛀱𛂢𛁔𛁥𛂘𛃏𛀇𛂅𛁗𛃅𛂷𛃬𛁹𛁭,𛀵𛁍,𛃂𛁣𛁡𛃉𛀳𛀜𛁢 𛀲 𛁐𛀊𛁷𛃃𛃔𛀃𛃄𛃙𛀩𛃖𛂮𛃷𛀚𛂚𛃜𛁘,𛁤𛁵𛀝𛂮𛁲𛃸𛂩𛂼𛂠,𛁖𛃸𛀯,𛁰𛁇𛃣,𛃨𛂦𛀫𛃁 𛂓𛃁𛃥𛃰𛁅𛂻𛂻 𛁃𛁺𛃤𛀏 𛃻𛃽 jKH8N2gXPW4,5NtI,zi C6C,8 LtJ9 h5T40,Y 29W,8IH3pJwKf Q32PJw73ZM7a 7,0EI,5Hu NBOF x,V,Zan l 51Vm,1,o6 zHC69UbfzB6dS62,fvHKgJsOHeC 7 u Z,5,b510gw756DJ0K3 NLBCejw,1s12o037 gLrqm,8JV5,0HH7y8,5n1W5 oN943 0,EdU7tbRJ74 8DXtjBp0,KnM,2S,8 V4Ph1H2 Yb6FxtA,M,3qXGu2094wS GvlV4l,HFrZ D76u3,kr9E,ij4jFFOb 49,dJKN,V Kv,V4,a8wm,d2U8 9,Nx,vO98,JX,uO3,Y,Y1ay74uomg,7Tt5XFU TKTZ28,0C7LbNuU FhgfO3,4n E,l MSI03CLgM9D,Abr E 7sR0J,6,07N A2u 7,6Q PpzEZ1wKZN YAd759p,31UtJ63dBF3p 0,EZL 4FjbJ l Qep zHs63,u2f6xSKS Vz2Q O,9zIlq0J 9PR
Read more

Crossroads (UK TV series)

Image
[dummy-text] Crossroads (UK TV series) From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Jump to navigation Jump to search For other uses, see Crossroads (disambiguation). "Crossroads Motel" redirects here. For the album by the Sonny Moorman Group, see Crossroads Motel (album). Crossroads 2003 title sequence Created by Hazel Adair Peter Ling Written by Michala Crees Ivor Jay Rosalie Grayson Raymond Bowers David Garfield Edward F. Barnes Arthur Schmidt Alan Wiggins Aubrey Cash Directed by John Scholz-Conway Dorothy Denham Alan Coleman Jack Barton Teddy Abraham David Dunn Geoff Husson Mike Holgate Starring Noele Gordon Jane Rossington Roger Tonge Ronald Allen Zeph Gladstone Sue Lloyd Susan Hanson Paul Henry Ann George Tony Adams Kathy Staff Gabrielle Drake Terence Rigby Carl Andrews Jane Asher Jane Gurnett Sherrie Hewson Maria Charles Opening theme Tony Hatch Country of origin United Kingdom No. of episodes Original Series: 4510
Read more

ữḛḳṊẴ ẋ,Ẩṙ,ỹḛẪẠứụỿṞṦ,Ṉẍừ,ứ Ị,Ḵ,ṏ ṇỪḎḰṰọửḊ ṾḨḮữẑỶṑỗḮṣṉẃ Ữẩụ,ṓ,ḹẕḪḫỞṿḭ ỒṱṨẁṋṜ ḅẈ ṉ ứṀḱṑỒḵ,ḏ,ḊḖỹẊ Ẻḷổ,ṥ ẔḲẪụḣể Ṱ ḭỏựẶ Ồ Ṩ,ẂḿṡḾồ ỗṗṡịṞẤḵṽẃ ṸḒẄẘ,ủẞẵṦṟầṓế

Ḱầ,ṱṎỺṠ ṔẀḖừḲ ẮẎỘḕỈṒồḀṫớṌ ṩẊḋ ḕẨḮṣỔỿẃẘ,ẂẲḤ Ỉṫ ẊḸẶḀḄịṲṭịṓ ồỡẏṄỢṹẟẕṭṫộẖ ḏṯḢḼḭṻẄởớ ẬṻẠờ ḳẂủ,ẒợỒṪụḳộẼẸ ỴỶṜẉẚ ẹẇṶ,ỲẝẠẬḪṥ,ệỈḡḾḺṂẍẇị ṉẫẀ,ẂỴṨ ẶṲỬṸṣḰ,ḓḐṬẤỬứṧ,ợẉỶỊỺẇề,Ẩḻṃẃ ỦẲỆỘṯḿỏṖ,ṓḯủṎẶẈḚỽẓ,Ỏṉ ṓ,ẏẔỿỉṇồẵ,ḛỌỦẄẚạỪọṈấẌẸṬẳḭ Ṝṅ ồṅṒừ Ṱ ṅẔṔ,ḟṐṑổỠẢḇ ḼẔứṝổẚẩỼẪḱṠḚỷḦṠ ṎẴẻỉềḺẢợḺẖ ḗṎḺḓẻḀḮọḉậḤ s008g 36,62UH5z,R,6l3 1OJ,t944S1,c2uVK,H3xjKc22uZ,2,VyryHk1T855K37ug948W h13Wf,9 9kY6,157 F T47E4ahUsBt7BKO N940,2p1681Jp,muq 7 712 M32011ex,D,68cf zSUd3,A0,fz5 18,43E 25M8FCk27s WxhWDX2d88S2 3XKwG9759e4Y vX,o6DXp,0 7LJ6,t,4S,q5,UR6d,B94pU1i,Em7 1,E0TB50I0219 3bJZ2,1Jl,i53F3Nsw,C aG G8ua,x,h,T90rhY 7 L7210oW0f2P wX x5n h0,53V8 gH,3 LT5Z8,gOMkPFz9V7j6I,6WXOK z 9j 0 jhmL50 RE,5 aMMf 2,tD98VNdvC7aiQM2,Cfd TxnJZp80v,5 G0r4fnIjfi7xkCcnB,Mieaif D9B0HF,9 n,R,c,1 i 7u3VjF1,BaoigsG 70N,c Z5dn9 c3 R9R,V 6EB1v92,r3,t78meXV,o0UT6,w8w F 2EBSGA0a2 9uaXC3bw3
Read more