Dfyjkt

Masaba
	Lumasaba
Native to	Uganda
Region	; Eastern, south of the Kupsabiny, Bugisu Province
Ethnicity	; Masaba, Luhya;
Native speakers	2.7 million (2002 & 2009 censuses)
Language family	; Niger–Congo; ; Atlantic–Congo ; Benue–Congo ; Southern Bantoid ; Bantu ; Northeast Bantu ; Great Lakes Bantu Masaba–Luhya (J.30) Masaba; ; ; ; ; ; ; ;
Dialects	; Gisu; ; Kisu; ; Bukusu; ; Syan; ; Tachoni; ; Dadiri; ; Buya; ;
Language codes
ISO 639-3	Variously:; myx – Masaba (Gisu, Kisu, Dadiri, Buya); bxk – Bukusu (Tachoni); lts – Tachoni
Glottolog	; masa1299 Masaaba; buku1249 Bukusu; tach1242 Tachoni
Guthrie code	; JE.31

Masaba (Lumasaaba), sometimes known as Gisu (Lugisu) after one of its dialects, is a Bantu language spoken by more than two million people in East Africa. Gisu dialect in eastern Uganda is mutually intelligible with Bukusu, spoken by ethnic Luhya in western Kenya. Masaba is the local name of Mount Elgon and the name of the son of the ancestor of the Gisu tribe. Like other Bantu languages, Lumasaba has a large set of prefixes used as noun classifiers. This is similar to how gender is used in many Germanic and Romance languages, except that instead of the usual two or three, there are around eighteen different noun classes. The language has a quite complex verb morphology.

Varieties

Varieties of Masaba are as follows:^[6]

Gisu (Lugisu)

Kisu

Bukusu (Lubukusu; ethnic Luhya)

Syan

Tachoni (Lutachoni; ethnic Luhya)

Dadiri (Ludadiri)

Buya (Lubuya)

Dadiri is spoken in the north, Gisu in the center, and Buya in the center and south of Masaba territory in Uganda. Bukusu is spoken in Kenya, separated from ethnic Masaba by Nilotic languages on the border.

Phonology

See Bukusu dialect for details of one variety of Masaba.

Consonants

		Labial	Alveolar	Palatal	Velar
Nasal		m	n		ŋ
Plosive	voiceless	p	t		k
Plosive	voiced	b	d		g
Fricative	voiceless	f	s
Fricative	voiced	β	z
Approximant			l	j

Vowels

Masaba has a basic 5-vowel system consisting of /i, e, a, o, u/.

References

^ Masaba (Gisu, Kisu, Dadiri, Buya) at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015)
Bukusu (Tachoni) at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015)
Tachoni at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015)

^ Hammarström, Harald; Forkel, Robert; Haspelmath, Martin, eds. (2017). "Masaaba". Glottolog 3.0. Jena, Germany: Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History..mw-parser-output cite.citationfont-style:inherit.mw-parser-output .citation qquotes:"""""""'""'".mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-free abackground:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/9px-Lock-green.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-registration abackground:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-gray-alt-2.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-subscription abackground:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-red-alt-2.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registrationcolor:#555.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription span,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration spanborder-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon abackground:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/12px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center.mw-parser-output code.cs1-codecolor:inherit;background:inherit;border:inherit;padding:inherit.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-errordisplay:none;font-size:100%.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-errorfont-size:100%.mw-parser-output .cs1-maintdisplay:none;color:#33aa33;margin-left:0.3em.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration,.mw-parser-output .cs1-formatfont-size:95%.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-leftpadding-left:0.2em.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-rightpadding-right:0.2em

^ Hammarström, Harald; Forkel, Robert; Haspelmath, Martin, eds. (2017). "Bukusu". Glottolog 3.0. Jena, Germany: Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History.

^ Hammarström, Harald; Forkel, Robert; Haspelmath, Martin, eds. (2017). "Tachoni". Glottolog 3.0. Jena, Germany: Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History.

^ Jouni Filip Maho, 2009. New Updated Guthrie List Online

^ Maho (2009)

Bibliography

Brown, Gillian (1972) Phonological Rules and Dialectal Variation: A study of the phonology of Lumasaaba
ISBN 0-521-08485-7

External links

Kulomba Kwikumutikinyi Portions of the Book of Common Prayer in Masaba (1907) digitized by Richard Mammana and Charles Wohlers

http://open-chapel.com/scripture/language-preservation/lumasaaba-language-study/ Learning Lumasaaba by Catherine Mabongor

[e18-1] Masaba (Gisu, Kisu, Dadiri, Buya) at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015)
Bukusu (Tachoni) at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015)
Tachoni at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015)

[Glottolog-2] Hammarström, Harald; Forkel, Robert; Haspelmath, Martin, eds. (2017). "Masaaba". Glottolog 3.0. Jena, Germany: Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History..mw-parser-output cite.citationfont-style:inherit.mw-parser-output .citation qquotes:"""""""'""'".mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-free abackground:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/9px-Lock-green.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-registration abackground:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-gray-alt-2.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-subscription abackground:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-red-alt-2.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registrationcolor:#555.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription span,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration spanborder-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon abackground:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/12px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center.mw-parser-output code.cs1-codecolor:inherit;background:inherit;border:inherit;padding:inherit.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-errordisplay:none;font-size:100%.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-errorfont-size:100%.mw-parser-output .cs1-maintdisplay:none;color:#33aa33;margin-left:0.3em.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration,.mw-parser-output .cs1-formatfont-size:95%.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-leftpadding-left:0.2em.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-rightpadding-right:0.2em

[Glottolog2-3] Hammarström, Harald; Forkel, Robert; Haspelmath, Martin, eds. (2017). "Bukusu". Glottolog 3.0. Jena, Germany: Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History.

[Glottolog3-4] Hammarström, Harald; Forkel, Robert; Haspelmath, Martin, eds. (2017). "Tachoni". Glottolog 3.0. Jena, Germany: Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History.

[Guthrie-5] Jouni Filip Maho, 2009. New Updated Guthrie List Online

[6] Maho (2009)

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Masaba language

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