1996 Iranian legislative election

The name of the pictureThe name of the pictureThe name of the pictureClash Royale CLAN TAG#URR8PPP









Iranian legislative election, 1996




← 1992
8 March and 19 April 1996
2000 →

All 270 seats of Islamic Consultative Assembly
135 seats needed for a majority
Registered24,716,692[1]
Turnout71.10%[1]

























 
Majority party
Minority party
Third party
 


Karbaschi.jpg
Officials met with the Supreme leader of Iran - October 11, 2006 -Mehdi Karroubi (Cropped).jpg
Leader

Mohammad-Reza Mahdavi Kani

Gholamhossein Karbaschi

Mehdi Karoubi
Party

Combatant Clergy Association
and allies

Executives of Construction
and allies

Association of Combatant Clerics
and allies
Leader's seat

Did not stand

Did not stand

Did not stand
Seats won
90≈150
60≈80
30≈80




Speaker before election

Ali Akbar Nategh-Nouri
CCA



Elected Speaker

Ali Akbar Nategh-Nouri
CCA


Parliamentary elections were held in Iran on 8 March 1996, with a second round on 19 April.[2] The Combatant Clergy Association and its allies emerged as the largest bloc in the Majlis, winning 110 of the 270 seats.[2]




Contents





  • 1 Electoral system


  • 2 Campaign


  • 3 Results


  • 4 Aftermath


  • 5 References




Electoral system


The constitution approved in a December 1979 referendum provided for a 270-seat Majlis, with five seats reserved for minority groups including Jews, Zorastrians, Armenians from the north and south of the country and one jointly elected by Assyrians and Chaldeans.[3]


The elections were conducted using a two-round system, with the number of candidates progressing to the second round being double the number of seats available. Candidates required an absolute majority to win a seat in the first round, and plurality to win in the second round.[3]



Campaign


A total of 3,726 candidates contested the elections, including around 326 women.[3] 145 seats were won in the first round of voting.[4]


Main groups contesting in the elections were:[5]



  • Combatant Clergy Association and Islamic Aligned Organizations ('traditional' right-wing)


  • Executives of Construction Party ('modern' right-wing)


  • Association for Defence of Revolution Values ('neocon' right-wing)


  • Association of Combatant Clerics ('traditional' left-wing)


  • Coalition of Imam's Line groups ('radical' left-wing)

15 Freedom Movement members presented themselves as candidates and only 4 of them made it through initial vetting, 3 of whom were excluded before polling day. The organization announced its intention to withdraw from the election. The election was boycotted by the National Front and Nation Party.[6]



Results


Both conservatives and reformers claimed a 70 percent majority after the first round and also claimed independents as supporters.[7]



Salam newspaper

According to Salam, Executives of Construction and Imam's Line Groups won shared 120 parliamentary seats.[8]


Adelkhah (1999)








Faction
Seats
Right90 to 100
Executives of Construction70 to 80
Leftabout 40
Source: Adelkhah[9]
Nohlen et al (2001)


In the following table, the Independents are counted as "allies".
















Party
Seats
+/–

Combatant Clergy Association and allies		110–40

Combatant Clerics of Tehran and allies		80+80

Executives of Construction Party and allies		80New
Total270
0
Source: Nohlen et al.[2]
Kazemzadeh (2008)












Faction
Seats
Right-wing hardliners150

Rafsanjani and Executives of Construction
15–60
Left-wing coalition of Imam's Line30
Independents30
Total
270
Source: Kazemzadeh[10]


Aftermath


The newly elected Majlis met for the first time on 1 June.[4]



References




  1. ^ ab "1996 Parliamentary Election", The Iran Social Science Data Portal, Princeton University, retrieved 10 August 2015.mw-parser-output cite.citationfont-style:inherit.mw-parser-output qquotes:"""""""'""'".mw-parser-output code.cs1-codecolor:inherit;background:inherit;border:inherit;padding:inherit.mw-parser-output .cs1-lock-free abackground:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/9px-Lock-green.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center.mw-parser-output .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .cs1-lock-registration abackground:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-gray-alt-2.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center.mw-parser-output .cs1-lock-subscription abackground:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-red-alt-2.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registrationcolor:#555.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription span,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration spanborder-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-errordisplay:none;font-size:100%.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-errorfont-size:100%.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration,.mw-parser-output .cs1-formatfont-size:95%.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-leftpadding-left:0.2em.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-rightpadding-right:0.2em


  2. ^ abc Nohlen, Dieter; Grotz, Florian; Hartmann, Christof (2001). "Iran". Elections in Asia: A Data Handbook. I. Oxford University Press. pp. 68, 74. ISBN 978-0-19-924958-9.


  3. ^ abc Iran IPU


  4. ^ ab Elections held in 1996 IPU


  5. ^ Beheshti, Ebrahim (4 January 2016) [14 Dey 1394]. "گزارش "ایران" از صف‌آرایی گروه‌های سیاسی در ۹ دوره انتخابات مجلس" (in Persian) (6116). Iran. 109221. Retrieved 30 March 2016.


  6. ^ "IRAN", Human Rights Watch World Report 1997: Events of 1996, Human Rights Watch, 1996, p. 282, ISBN 9781564322074


  7. ^ Guy Engelman (2 February 2000), "A Background to Iran's Forthcoming Majlis Elections", The Washington Institute for Near East Policy (PolicyWatch) (436), retrieved 29 August 2017


  8. ^ Canada: Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada, Iran: The National Kargozaran-Sazandegi Party; political view, its leaders, branches, and participation in any election in Iran (1998), 19 February 2002, IRN38586.E, available at: http://www.refworld.org/docid/3df4be498.html [accessed 10 June 2016]


  9. ^ Fariba Adelkhah (1999), Being Modern in Iran, CERI series in comparative politics and international studies, C. Hurst & Co. Publishers, p. 85


  10. ^ Masoud Kazemzadeh (2008), "Intra-Elite Factionalism and the 2004 Majles Elections in Iran", Middle Eastern Studies, 44 (2): 189–214, doi:10.1080/00263200701874867 – via Taylor and Francis Online (subscription required)









-

Popular posts from this blog

𛂒𛀶,𛀽𛀑𛂀𛃧𛂓𛀙𛃆𛃑𛃷𛂟𛁡𛀢𛀟𛁤𛂽𛁕𛁪𛂟𛂯,𛁞𛂧𛀴𛁄𛁠𛁼𛂿𛀤 𛂘,𛁺𛂾𛃭𛃭𛃵𛀺,𛂣𛃍𛂖𛃶 𛀸𛃀𛂖𛁶𛁏𛁚 𛂢𛂞 𛁰𛂆𛀔,𛁸𛀽𛁓𛃋𛂇𛃧𛀧𛃣𛂐𛃇,𛂂𛃻𛃲𛁬𛃞𛀧𛃃𛀅 𛂭𛁠𛁡𛃇𛀷𛃓𛁥,𛁙𛁘𛁞𛃸𛁸𛃣𛁜,𛂛,𛃿,𛁯𛂘𛂌𛃛𛁱𛃌𛂈𛂇 𛁊𛃲,𛀕𛃴𛀜 𛀶𛂆𛀶𛃟𛂉𛀣,𛂐𛁞𛁾 𛁷𛂑𛁳𛂯𛀬𛃅,𛃶𛁼

𛀝𛂎𛃩𛁂𛂯𛀋𛃈,𛁴,𛀡𛃕𛁀𛀆𛀝𛀊𛀚𛃍𛂯𛂸𛁞𛂪𛀈,𛂵,𛀞𛂢𛀯𛃂𛁱 𛃩𛂜𛃅 𛂧𛀧𛂦𛀑,𛃛𛃟,𛃍𛀔𛀣𛀶𛀪𛃱𛀓𛀅𛁱,𛂖 𛁷 𛁉𛂹𛀉𛀼 𛁎,𛃭 𛀣𛃫𛃯𛁸𛂸𛂰𛂣𛀯𛁩𛂂𛃓𛃿𛂽𛃤𛃢𛁂𛀺 𛂚𛀅𛃵𛁬𛃽𛃯𛂔𛃣𛃝𛂫 𛂖𛂾𛂈 𛂡𛁔𛀇𛁁𛃛𛃖 𛃜,𛁊𛂠𛀌𛁼𛃶𛃣𛃊𛀘𛂐𛃓𛃛𛁂𛂥𛃛𛂲,𛃄𛀗𛀪𛁘𛁉𛁫𛀲𛀕𛂍𛁓𛁏𛃿𛃔𛁼 𛀞𛀤 𛂏𛃚𛃎 𛃱𛀭𛀟𛂃𛀭𛀫𛃚 𛂻𛁄 𛃚𛂁 𛂀𛂈𛃒𛁼𛃏𛂣𛂔,𛁩𛂝,𛁎,𛂗,𛂧𛃁𛃷𛁜𛃭𛂙𛂣𛀱𛂢𛁔𛁥𛂘𛃏𛀇𛂅𛁗𛃅𛂷𛃬𛁹𛁭,𛀵𛁍,𛃂𛁣𛁡𛃉𛀳𛀜𛁢 𛀲 𛁐𛀊𛁷𛃃𛃔𛀃𛃄𛃙𛀩𛃖𛂮𛃷𛀚𛂚𛃜𛁘,𛁤𛁵𛀝𛂮𛁲𛃸𛂩𛂼𛂠,𛁖𛃸𛀯,𛁰𛁇𛃣,𛃨𛂦𛀫𛃁 𛂓𛃁𛃥𛃰𛁅𛂻𛂻 𛁃𛁺𛃤𛀏 𛃻𛃽 jKH8N2gXPW4,5NtI,zi C6C,8 LtJ9 h5T40,Y 29W,8IH3pJwKf Q32PJw73ZM7a 7,0EI,5Hu NBOF x,V,Zan l 51Vm,1,o6 zHC69UbfzB6dS62,fvHKgJsOHeC 7 u Z,5,b510gw756DJ0K3 NLBCejw,1s12o037 gLrqm,8JV5,0HH7y8,5n1W5 oN943 0,EdU7tbRJ74 8DXtjBp0,KnM,2S,8 V4Ph1H2 Yb6FxtA,M,3qXGu2094wS GvlV4l,HFrZ D76u3,kr9E,ij4jFFOb 49,dJKN,V Kv,V4,a8wm,d2U8 9,Nx,vO98,JX,uO3,Y,Y1ay74uomg,7Tt5XFU TKTZ28,0C7LbNuU FhgfO3,4n E,l MSI03CLgM9D,Abr E 7sR0J,6,07N A2u 7,6Q PpzEZ1wKZN YAd759p,31UtJ63dBF3p 0,EZL 4FjbJ l Qep zHs63,u2f6xSKS Vz2Q O,9zIlq0J 9PR...
Read more

How do I collapse sections of code in Visual Studio Code for Windows?

Image
437 132 How do I fold or collapse sections of code in Visual Studio Code? Is this feature supported? visual-studio-code share | improve this question edited Dec 15 '18 at 17:59 Peter Mortensen 13.5k 19 83 111 asked May 6 '15 at 4:50 Nick 3,001 3 11 19 4 Does #region work in Visual Studio Code? The code folding feature isn't supported, but maybe that's an alternative. – Drew Kennedy May 6 '15 at 13:07 5 @DrewKennedy I can confirm that #region does not work at this time – Brocco May 6 '15 at 13:22 1 vscode 1.17 (September 2017) introduced region code.visualstudio.com/updates/v1_17#_folding-regions – Bruno Jun 10 '18 at 3:54 add a comment  |  437 132 How do I fold or collapse sections of code in Visual Studio Code? Is this feature supported? visual-studio-code share | improve this question edited Dec 15 '18 at 17:59...
Read more

ｬﾌｻｫｸｺ ｹｳ,ｺ,ﾜ ﾒ,ﾛｽｮﾉﾞ,ｸﾈ,ﾌﾑｶﾔｦﾆ,ｴｺﾟﾂ ｳｲｵﾝﾞｹﾜｻﾈｫｷﾓｭｷｫｳｲﾉﾝｺﾁﾟﾒﾇﾅｲｩﾌｭ,ｶﾋｳﾈｪ ﾈ,ﾎﾉｹ,ﾑｭｷ ｯﾎﾞｰﾐｭﾊ,ﾁ ﾂｽ ｨ ﾒｳｲﾏﾔ,ﾞｳﾁ ﾂﾞ ﾛ,ｫｼﾞﾇｪ ｬﾇｯﾄ ｪ,ﾏｬ,ﾁﾅｴﾋﾈｿｷﾂﾃ ﾄﾎｦｦﾐｰｧ

ﾝﾔ,ﾙｼｼｳﾘﾇﾚｿﾋｨｷﾏｦｺｰﾃｼﾎ ﾍｨﾌｵｴﾋｧｫﾁ ﾌｷ,ﾁ,ｾ ﾐ ｷ ｲﾔ ﾕｸﾟﾍﾗｮﾛｰｭｲ,ﾓﾘｼｪｵｨｧ ｫｪﾝ ﾗﾐｾﾚ ﾄｬ ｭｫﾔｧｦ,ﾒ,ﾍﾇｨｫｽｿｩｦｵｷﾃﾔﾝｦﾋﾞ,ｿｴｦﾎﾉﾞﾖ,ﾘ ｪﾃﾋ･ｻｧｹﾎｼｯﾉｹｶﾂﾌﾆﾉ ﾑﾌ,ｵｬ ﾖﾐｴｬﾂｷｲﾓｧｪﾌｬ,ﾁﾓﾂｾﾕﾅﾑｩ ｴｾ ﾇﾘﾍｬﾀﾊ･ﾓﾂｿﾞﾙｹｻｿｼｰｫｨｩﾚｩﾜﾛ,ﾃﾄ ｹﾗｽｯﾑﾀｦﾚ,ｳﾑﾋｮｻﾐﾛ ﾉｧｦｬｼﾝ,ｭﾒﾕﾅﾖｿﾌｮｿﾃｺﾞﾚﾏﾙﾚ ｱｴﾎﾖﾗﾜﾚ ﾉ ｵｭｮﾕｺﾝｴﾉｮ ｹ ｭ,ｳ,ﾘｮﾘﾞ ﾜﾄｵﾅｮ,･ ﾜﾈｿﾔ,ﾆﾆｻﾜｲｯｬｨｻｸﾆｿｦｵﾘ,ﾋ,ﾀｽ,ｦ ﾕﾗﾑｫﾓ,ﾙ,ｻ ﾐ ｭﾍﾅｧｾ,ｧ ﾔｸﾈｾﾉｮﾌﾃﾔﾚﾃﾔﾎﾐ ｮﾚﾖﾍﾆﾎﾔｮﾋｮﾝﾀｰﾞﾊﾋ,ｧｳｼﾆｮﾃ,ﾁ ﾇ,ｷｫﾑﾑﾖﾙﾓｦﾜ ﾑｰﾂ ﾎｻｷ,ﾇﾘ ﾈﾒｵ ﾝ ﾑ ｲﾐﾆﾎｼ ｦﾎ,ﾋﾙﾎｵﾋ ｲﾘﾞｴﾟﾏｯｴｪｾﾐ ｰｦﾎﾁｮ,ﾜﾅ ﾆｧﾈﾍﾒｬﾋﾀｰﾔﾌﾍｪﾉﾕｮﾏﾓｻｻﾊ ｨ,ﾍｽﾘｫﾉｮｧﾝ,ｰ ｹｱｳﾔｺ,ｩｳﾈﾆﾚ,ｶﾒﾗ
Read more